Vertical communications

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 STAIRS

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

STAIRS

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 STAIRS

Basic terminology:
staircase - all elements forming stairs
stair space - space structurally or at least functionally separated
from other spaces of buildings
stair well
flight - the connection between different levels,
it contains min. 3 steps.
landing - level space (platform) at the end of a flight of stairs or
between 2 flight of stairs
main landing - on floor level intermediate landing (half landing)
between 2 floor levels
step - the basic element of stairs

tread ....going (run)

riser ....rice
noising

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

railing - support, barrier (handrail)

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

ascending line - the line placed in theoretical axis of ascent
(walking line)
- the optimum dimensions (design) are measured
on walking line
stairs pitch - the angle between ascending line and horizontal plane
(slope) the stairs pitch determines the proportion between
going and rise of steps
- the stairs pitch depends on the function of buildings

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 Stairs classification
(according to different criterions)

function main

secondary

auxiliary

equalising

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

placement:

internal

external

terrain

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

number of flights:

single-flight

double flight

several flight

three-flight

four-flight

branching

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.
 Stairs classification - cont.

plan form (stair plan types) straight (run) stairs

curved st. (ex.=spiral)
blended (combined)

ascending (walking) direction direct

right-turning
left-turning

acc. to the material wood, stone, steel, concrete,

combinations

technology cast-in-place
prefabricated

structure fully supported, newel, pier, string, slab,

suspended, overhanging

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.
 Basic requirements

structural requirements loadbearing capacity

architectural and circulation r. placement (simple accessibility)

(functional) safe and comfortable
movement up and down
aesthetic req. (shape, form)
simple cleaning, maintenance

environmental requirements lighting

ventilation

fire safety fire escape

fire resistance

economical requirements durability

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 Structural requirements
design of bearing elements:
ultimate states: 1. bearing capacity
2. usability
3. durability

the live-load of the area of staircase and corridors

3,0 kN/m2 residential buildings, hotels, kindergartens,
nurseries, hospitals, office buildings, ...
4,0 kN/m2 schools, stations such as railway stations,
restaurants, theatres, cinemas, concert halls,
libraries, selected industrial buildings
5,0 kN/m2 any kind of grand-stands (platforms)

the live-load which affects on railing (horizontal and vertical direction)

1,0 kN/m schools, theatres, ....high concentration
of people
0,5 kN/m residential buildings, administration buildings

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

Architectural and circulation requirements

Position in building - function of the building

- simple accessibility
- simple orientation

Aestetic requirements - image of the building

- corresponance with standard level
(materials, colours, forms, shapes)
( maintenance, cleaning)

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 Architectural and circulation requirements

Safe, comfortable movement

Dimensions of steps and flight pitch

(measurement)

pitch = ratio 2 h + b = 630 mm

max. recommended rise resp. stair pitch

r
terrain 150mm
public buildings 160mm
administration 180mm
residential b. without lift 33o
residential b. with a lift 35o
to the basement 35o
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.
min. recommended going

130 mm min. width of winder (only up)

210 mm min. width (non comfortable)

on straight steps

230 mm safe movement

250 mm comfortable movement

= min. tread

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 Stair pitch (slope)

stair kind pitch/o/ riser

ramp stair 10-20 80-130

gentle 20-25 130-150
current 25-35 150-180
steep 35-45 180-200
ladder 45-58 200-250
step ladders 58-80
ladders (vertical) 80-90

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 2. Flight width circulation, escape

circulation strip 600 mm

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 minimum width

auxiliary stairs 600 mm

secondary stairs 900 mm
main stairs in family houses 900 mm
main stairs in residential build. (1100)mm !
public buildings 1200 mm

including gap max. 50 mm

railing max. 50 mm
handrailmax. 100 mm
string max. 200 mm
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.
 Free passage

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 Length of central lending

Number of steps in flight: min 3

max. 16

family houses, secondary stairs 18

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

 Design of curved stair

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlkov, CSc.