CT ADEQUACY CHECKING FOR

VARIOUS PROTECTION APPLICATION

C T KNEE POINT VOLTAGE ADEQUACY CHECK FOR

DISTANCE PROTECTION
DISTANCE PROTECTION Vk = If (1+X/R)(Rct +2Rl+Rb) FOR PHASE TO EARTH

FAULTS.

If (1+X/R) (Rct +Rl+Rb) FOR PHASE TO PHASE

FAULTS.

WHERE If = CT secondary current for a fault at zonal reach point.

X/R = system X/R ratio.

Rct = CT sec. Resistance.

Rl = One way lead resistance between relay &CT

Rb = relay burden
CT Vk CALCULATION FOR A 100KM LONG 220KV LINE.(Distance Proection)

A B
BUS FAULT LEVEL AT END A = 2000MVA (ASSUMED)

Zs = KV/MVA = 220/2000MVA =24.2OHMS

Zl IS LINE IMPEDANCE UPTO ZONE-1 REACH POINT.

= 0.8*100* 0.4 OHMS WHERE 0.4 IS LINE IMPEDANCE PER KM (ASSUMED)

= 32 OHMS
TOTAL IMPEDANCE UPTO REACH POINT =24.2+32 = 56.2 OHMS.

FAULT CURRENT FOR A FAULT AT ZONE-1 REACH POINT

220*10/3*56.2 =2260 A
CT Ratio= 600/1Amp.

Sec. Fault Current = 2260/600*1 =3.77 Amp.

Vk = If (1+X/R) (Rct +2Rl +Rb)

= 3.77(1+5) (Rct+0.5*2+0)

= 3.77*6 (Rct+1)

=22.62 Rct +22.62

= (23Rct + 22) volts.

CT parameters can be specified as follows.

Ratio:600/1Amp., Class =PS

Vk (23Rct+ 22) volts

Imag 30ma at Vk/2 volts.

This gives flexibility to the CT manufacturer to select Rct&Vk values to suit
their convenience.

The required knee point voltage must be calculated for the three phase
fault current at the zone-1 reach and also for the earth fault current at the
zone-1 reach. The higher of the two calculated knee point voltages is
used.