CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 1)

Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "First Conditionals".
1. Perhaps her husband will not like her new dress. Then she will return it to the store.
If
2. You may not find the address. Then don't forget to call me.
If
3. Perhaps I will see George. Then I will tell her to phone you.
If
4. Paint the house. It may look better.
If
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 5. Perhaps they will offer me the job. Then I will accept it.
If
6. Tom may phone this evening. Then I will Lake the message.
If
7. The flat may be too expensive. Then I will not rent it.
If
8. I may not have enough money. I cannot have a vacation.
If
9. Melanie may save money. She stops spending money on her clothes.
If
10. It may rain, so my father doesn't let me play in the garden.
If
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE1)
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Simple, The Future Simple" or "The Imperative".
1. If it (be).................................. .... foggy this evening, I (stay)........................................... at home.
2. If we (take) ...................... care of the environment, our children (have) ........................ ... a better
future.
3. If you (eat) ............................... so much carbohydrate, you (put on) .. .... ... ... . ...... weight.
4. if we (plant) .................... more trees, our children (have).................................. a better environment.
5. If I (get)...... ......... .. ....... a bad headache, I (take)........................ .... ..... one of these tablets.
6. I (send) ............................................ you a letter, if! (receive).... ................................. the money in
time.
7. She (telephone).................................. ... me if she (feel) ............................................ that pain again.
8. We (miss) ................... ... the train unless we (hurry)............................................ to the train station.
9. If you (not, obey) ... ... ..... .................... the rules, the teacher (get) ............. .... .... angry with you.
10. Unless we (stand up)..........................................., we (not, see). ..... .... .... .. anything.
11. II it (rain)................................ , (take) ..... ..... ............... your umbrella.
12. If you (not, feel) ....................................... well, (not, go) ............. .. .... ... to school.
13. If you (see) .........................Janet, please (not, tell)........................................... her the bad news.
14. Where (you, go) .. ... .................... if you (miss) ............................................ the train?
15. If you (not, eat) ............................................ so much, you (lose)... .... ..... .... .... . weight.
16. If I (be)..................................late for work, I (take) .. .... ....a short cut across die park to save time.
17. You (be) .......................................... in danger if you (meet) ......... ............................. a lion in the forest.
18. If you (be) .... .. .... ......really sick, why (not, go) ........................................... home right away?
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19. If you (go) ............................................ to bed late, you (feel) ...... ..... .... ..... .. tired in the morning.
20. If you (take) ...... .... .... ....... drugs regularly, you (become)..........................................addicted to them.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2)
Put the "verbs" in brackets into either "The Past Simple" or "The Present Conditional".
1. I (be). ..... ............... ... delighted if you (come) ........................ ........ to stay with us next year.
2. If I (be)................................. in London now, I (visit) ... .. .. ..the Tower of London.
3. If he (not, be)....... .. .... ..... ....... drunk, he (not, talk) ...................................... to his father like that.
4. If I (be) ...... .. .. .. .. .. as rich as you are, I (go) ........... .................... to Italy.
5. Everybody (be) .. .... ..... frightened to death if the sun (rise) ................ .. in the west.
6. If I (smoke)... .. .. ....... ........ less, I (not, cough). ....... ..... ..... .. so much.
7. If you (not, give) .................. .....me the money tomorrow. I (kill).. .... .. .. .... ... ..you.
8. If you (come) . ... .. ... to my party tomorrow, we (he) .. ...... very happy.
9. If we all (have) .................. .good manners, the world (be)............ ..... a wonderful place to live in.
10. You (not, feel) .............................. the cold so much if you (wear) ..... ... ... ..... thicker clothes.
11. If you (pay) .................................. more attention, you (learn) ... ...... . our language easily.
12. If you (not, eat) .... ... ..... .. ..... ... so much, you (not, put on) ..... ... ... ..... ... ....weight.
13. If I (be) .................................... in your place, f (not, touch) ................................... ....... that snake.
14. I (apologize)............................... to you if I (do) ... .... .. .... ... something wrong.
15. If I (not, be) .... .. ....... . afraid of the mice, f (enter) .................................... the room.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2)
Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Second Conditionals".
1. I don't work hard because my father always shouts at me.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. I cannot get a job easily in a bank because I don't know how to use a computer.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. I don't earn much money because I don't work as hard as you do.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. She doesn't do her homework, so she doesn't get good marks.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. What a pity that I have to work tomorrow, so f cannot go shopping with you.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. It is a pity that I am not as handsome as you are, so I cannot marry Angela.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. I am not happy because I am not married to Gilda.
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 If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. I have to take a bus because the school is a long way from home.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. What a pity that I am not as tall as you are, so I cannot reach (to) the top shelf.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. I cannot go swimming because I don't have a swimming costume with me now.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. I am sorry that I don't have much money, so I cannot help you.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. I get bored because the lessons are too boring.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. I am sorry that today is not a holiday, so I cannot stay in bed all day long.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. What a pity that I am not a boy, so I cannot go out at nights.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. There are a lot of fatal accidents because people drive very carelessly in Turkey.
If----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Perfect Simple" or "The Perfect Conditional".
Example: If I (have) ................................. time yesterday, I (play)........................tennis.
If I had had time yesterday, I would have played tennis.
1. I (not, go) .............................. to Paris if I (know).............................................. it was so expensive.
2. If Lisa (put).................... her concert ticket in a safe place, she (not, lose).................................. it.
3. If John (not, wear) .............................. a t-shirt at the beach, he (get).................................. sunburnt.
4. I (die)............................................... if the surgeon (not, be)............... ...... ........... . so experienced.
5. If I (learn) .................... ..... Arabic when I was in Saudi Arabia, I (find).............................. a better job.
6. She (miss)............. ..... ................ the train if she (not, hurry)................................ .... ....
7. If the driver (be)................................... . careless, we (lose) ... .... ..... .............. our lives.
8. I (be) ...................................... delighted if the teacher (come) .............................................. to my party.
9. If you (go) .......................... to the bank yesterday, you (be) .......................... able To draw some money.
10. If I (have) ....... ................................ a lot of money last year, I (go) ................................. ......... to Japan.
11. If Mary (know).................................. that I was here, she (come)... ............ ....................... at once.
12. If you (get).............................. married to Betty, you (be) ..... .................................... very happy.
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13. I (not, go)................ .... .... there if you (not, tell) ................................................ me the truth.
14. If Stella (get).................................. the money from her father, she (buy) ........................... the car.
15. If there (not, be)................ ................ a storm, we (arrive)............................................ much earlier.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 3)

Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Third Conditionals".
Example: I was watching TV so I didn't hear what she said.
If I had not been watching TV, I would have heard what she said.
1. It was raining hard, so we could not go for a picnic.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Cathy was feeling tired, so she didn't dance with me.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. You were listening to the news, so you didn't understand what we were talking about it.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. I was feeling ill, so my father called a doctor.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. She was suffering from toothache, so she visited the dentist.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. I was feeling dizzy, so I lay down on the sofa.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. The students were talking loudly, so they didn't hear what the teacher said.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. The girl was not looking where she was going, so she fell down and broke her arm.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. I was not watching the road, so I hit the woman.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. The gardener was watering the flowers, so we couldn't have breakfast in the garden.
If-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3)

Change the First Conditional sentences into "The Second and Third Conditionals".
Example : Type 1 a. If it rains, we will go to the cinema.
Type 2b. If it rained, we would go to the cinema.
Type 3 c. If it had rained, we would have gone to the cinema.
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1. A. If you eat too much, you will get sick.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. A. If I have a lot of money, I will make a trip around the world.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. A. If there is a bus strike, we will not be able to go to work,
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. A. You will not succeed if you do not take my advice.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. A. I will be in London by six oclock if I do not miss this train.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. A. We will have a party if the weather is fine.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. A. If I am rich, I will send you to England.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. A. If you do more exercise, you will feel healthier.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. A. If you are not careful, you will fall into the water.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. A. Will you go to the post office if your letter gets lost in the post?
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3)
Complete the following conditional sentences on your own. (TYPES 1/2/3)
1. If I were in your place,...........................................................................................................
2. You will not learn English unless ...........................................................................................................
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3. She will not feel better if...........................................................................................................
4. If I had learned Arabic...........................................................................................................
5. Would you see a doctor if ...........................................................................................................?
6. You will have a good time if...........................................................................................................
7. If I were as tall as you are ...........................................................................................................
8. Would you have forgiven me if...........................................................................................................
9. If he had been rich, ...............................................................................................................
10. He wouldn't have solved the problem if ..................................................................................................
11. If they were in a hurry, ...........................................................................................................
12. Rose would have been angry if...........................................................................................................
13. If Natalie comes to the party,...........................................................................................................
14. Unless he earns a lot of money,.........................................................................................................
15. If I have enough money...........................................................................................................
16. She would make a cake for the children if.................................................................................................
17. If it had not rained yesterday, ...........................................................................................................
18. What would you have done if...........................................................................................................?
19. 19.I will get my money back if ...........................................................................................................
20. I would be very grateful to you if..............................................................................................
21. If I had worn your raincoat...........................................................................................................
22. If Eileen were not so busy, ...........................................................................................................
23. I would call the police if ...........................................................................................................
24. If I had taken your advice, ...........................................................................................................
25. If I had known that you were ill...........................................................................................................
26. Would you play bridge with me if.......................................................................................................
27. If your father shaves more often, ...........................................................................................................
28. Our cities would look beautiful if...........................................................................................................
29. If you had gone on a diet, ...........................................................................................................
30. You would enjoy life more if...........................................................................................................
31. If you touch that dog, ...........................................................................................................
32. What will you do if .....................................................................................................................?
33. I would definitely accept that job if .................................................................................................
34. I would apply for that job in Paris if.................................................................................................

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

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Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: The man will be very rich. The man won the first prize last week.
The man who won the first prize last week will be very rich.

1. The girl is very beautiful. She is sitting next to me.

2. The girl is my Talker's secretary. The girl had an accident yesterday

3. The clerk doesn't work here anymore. He was the most impolite person in the world.

4. The boy threw a stone at me. He has just gone to the cinema with his friend.

5. The woman is in love with my brother. She has been living in Italy for a long time.

6. The man rushed into the bank. He was wearing a silk slocking over his face.

7. The article was about the Turkish troops in Iraq. It was criticized by the press.

8. The books are lying on the table. They are very interesting. .

9. The man has been arrested by the police. He lives on the third floor.

10. The woman cannot play tennis very well. She has poor eyesight.

11. The fire started on the third floor. It destroyed the whole building.

12. The aeroplane frightened the students. It was flying very low over the school.

13. The story was very amusing. It was told by my teacher yesterday.

14. The doctor is on holiday now. He usually attends my mother.

15. The roads will he blocked with snow soon. They lead to Artvin.

16. The men have been put in prison. They shot the seals last week.

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EXERCISE 217: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE)
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: I know the girls. The girls went to Paris last week.
I know the girls who went to Paris last week.

1. I saw the woman. The woman dropped her purse on the bus yesterday.

2. I visited the man. The man used to live with my family years ago.

3. I am going to get married to the man. He went to London on business last week.

4. Where can I catch the bus? It goes to Piccadilly Circus.

5. They put the blame on the woman. She was seen getting on a train two days ago.

6. The robber pointed his gun at the clerk. The clerk was at the party last night.

7. Our neighbour saw the thief. The thief was wearing blue jeans.

8. I have a friend. He has been running a shop in Athens for a long time.

9. My friend lives in a house. The house is on the river.

10. The policeman is looking for a man. The man left his car in front of the hospital.

11. My teacher gets impatient with the students. They are uninterested and inattentive.

EXERCISE 218 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE)

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM1', "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: The man is rolling in money. You see the man over there.
The man (who / whom) you see over there is rolling in money.

1. The woman has just deserted me. I got married to the woman for her money.

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2. The pictures have been stolen by a thief. The woman painted them on the island.

3. The woman has gone to live in Spain. I met the woman at a party a few weeks ago.

4. The girl is my sister. You have just told her the story.

5. The ring was not diamond. My friend bought the ring for his sweetheart,

6. The (flowers smell very nice. I cut them this morning.

7. The girl was a teacher. I introduced the girl to my family the other day.

8. The money should be spent on food. They will spend the money on drink.

9. The man was a sales representative. I talked to him in the shop a few days ago.

10. The woman has been given the job. They interviewed the woman yesterday.

EXERCISE 219 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE)

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: I love the teacher. You saw the teacher in the park the other day,
I love the teacher (who / whom) you saw in the park the other day.

1. I am in love with the woman. I saw the woman at the theatre last week.

2. I will sell the antiques. I found them in my grandmother's attic.

3. Everybody knows the girl. You met her at the party last night.

4. I am cross with the girl. My father advised her to see a doctor right away.

5. I am riding on the animal. My father bought it last week.

6. I had a row with the girl. I gave her a colourful book last week.

7. I cannot find the book. I was reading it last night.

8. I didn't like the present. John gave it to me yesterday.

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 9. I like the sweater. My mother made it for me.

10. My father hung the picture on the wall. He had painted it when he was on the island.

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (POSSESSIVE CASE)

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronoun "WHOSE".
Example : The girl is my daughter. You heard her beautiful voice yesterday.
The girl whose beautiful voice you heard yesterday is my daughter.

1. The little boy couldn't go to school. His arm was broken last week.

2. Lucy got married to a man. His family lives in Madrid.

3. The lady went to Barcelona. Her villa was sold at a low price last week.

4. The man is a war hero. His father was sent to prison last week.

5. The old man lived alone. His house was broken into last night.

6. The girl cried bitterly. Her doll got broken last night.

7. The man must be worried. I found his keys on the floor yesterday.

8. The car will be sold at a low price. Its owner is a famous play-wright.

9. I have seen the car. They had smashed up its fenders.

10. The policeman speaks French wonderfully. His family stayed in France for four years.

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause" Use the Relative
Adverb "WHERE".
Example: This is the hotel. My parents stayed there (at the hotel) last year.
This is the hotel where my parents stayed last year.
This is the hotel at which my parents stayed last year.
This is the hotel which my parents stayed at last year.
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1. I am eager to visit the house. Mustafa Kemal Atatrk was born there.

2. The shop was full of people yesterday. We bought the camera there.

3. The restaurant will be sold at a very high price. We spent the night there.

4. I am fond of the city. We had such a good time there.

5. The old man went to the hospital. His son is working there as a doctor.

6. I cannot remember the address. I sent the package there.

7. The room was very dark. The exam was being given there.

8. We went to the island. We lived there for a couple of weeks last year.

9. We had a cellar underneath the house. My mother used to do the washing there.

10. We went to the dining-room. My sister was busy setting the table there.

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Adverb "WHEN".
Example: July is the month. The weather is usually the hottest then.
July is the month when (in which) the weather is usually the hottest.

1. It is the hour of the day. All the activities slow clown then.

2. We went to the island in May. All trees blossom then.

3. He came to Turkey in 1998. His company opened a new office then.

4. The day was very windy. You last saw Mary then.

5. I remember the morning. The soldiers left the city then.

6. Last summer was the time. I learned how to swim then.

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7. The time hasn't been set yet. The exam is going to be given then.

8. Tom studied about the period. The discovery was made then.

9. I will never forget the time. George came to school then.

10. Can you suggest a time? It will be convenient to meet then.

EXERCISE 223 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (PREPOSITIONS)

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: The girl lives in Paris. I am in love with the girl.
The girl (who / whom) I am in love with lives in Paris.
The girl with whom I am in love lives in Paris.
1.The school was founded in the fifteenth century. My children go to it.
a..........................................................................................................
b.........................................................................................................................
2. The car had been stolen. The robbers got away in it.
a.................................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
3. The man gave me different information. I spoke to him this morning.
a............................................................................................................................................................
b......................................................................................................................
4. The hospital enjoys a good reputation. I am employed in the hospital.
a..........................................................................................................................................................
b.......................................................................................................................
5. My father is using a computer. I am not familiar with it.
a...........................................................................................................
b........................................................................................................................................
6. The chair is not comfortable. You are silting on it now.
a.................................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
7. The girl comes from Italy. I shared the room with her when 1 was in London.
a.....................................................................................................
b..............................................................................................................................
8. The room is on the second floor. We study in the room.
a.....................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
9. I want to buy the book. Everybody is talking about it.
a........................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
10.The club is very expensive. Many entertainers belong to it.
a.......................................................................................................................................................
b.................................................................................................................................

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EXERCISE 224 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Describe the people, using a "Relative Clause". Use the Prompts on the list below.
* He acts on the stage. * He always steals things and can't stop doing it.
* He steers a ship. * He kills a famous or important person.
* He flies a plane. * He treats sick people.
* He treats our teeth. * He works for a newspaper.
* He sells meat. * He collects stamps.
* He bakes bread. * He looks after patients in hospitals.
* He repairs cars. * He buys or sells goods in large quantities.
* He sets fire to property
Example : A: What is an actor?
B: An actor is a person who acts on the stage.

1. A: What is a doctor?
B:........................................................................................................................................................................
.
2. A: What is a mechanic?
B:......................................................................................................................................................................
3. A: What is a captain?
B:.....................................................................................................................................................................
4. A: What is a pilot?
B:...................................................................................................................................................................
5. A: What is a baker?
B:....................................................................................................................................................................
6. A: What is a dentist?
B:.......................................................................................................................................................................
7. A: What is a butcher?
B: ................................................... ..................... .....................................................................................
8. A: What is an arsonist?
B.................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................
9. A: What is a merchant?
B: ............................................. ............................................... ...................... ............................................
10. A: What is a journalist?
B: ...................................................................... ....................... ...............................................................
11. A: What is a nurse?
B:........................................................................................................................................................................
.
12. A: What is a philatelist?
B:........................................................................................................................................................................
.
13. A: What is an assassin?
B:....................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
14. A: What is a kleptomaniac?
B:......................................................................................................................................................................

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EXERCISE 226 : NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause".
Example-: Istanbul is a big city Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Istanbul, which was the capital of the Ottoman Empire, is a big city.

1. Edison was not a brilliant student at school. He invented the light bulb.

2. Dr Smith has come to visit a patient. His car is outside the building.

3. Hamlet is a tragedy. It is a famous play by Shakespeare.

4. Ronald Reagan was the President of the U.S.A. He had once been an actor.

5. My sister wants to speak to you. You met her at the party last night.

6. Tina Turner is loved by everybody. She was born when the Second World War broke out.

7. I am familiar with Mrs. Short. Her daughter lives in New York.

8. The Blue Mosque is famous for its tiles. It has six minarets.

9. These papers belong to Bernard. I am sharing my room with him.

10. Mrs. Fortune was a writer. Her dead body was found in the cellar last night.

EXERCISE 227 : RELATIVE PRONOUNS / RELATIVE ADVERBS

Complete the following sentences with the "Relative Pronouns" or "Relative Adverbs" on the list below.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS RELATIVE ADVERBS
WHO WHICH WHOSE WHOM THAT WHERE WHY WHEN
1. This is the street. . ... I live.
2. The operation ... .... ... was carried out yesterday was a great success.
3. The person .. .. ....... gave you that information must be an idiot.
4. The man ...... .. I loved so much lei t without saying good bye,
5. Mary is longing for the day ... ........ ...they will move out of the city.
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6. The shop.. .. ... .. he bought the camera \vas lull of people.
7. The writer..... ...... . books I always enjoy reading is Graham Greene.
8. This is the biggest mushroom..... .. ...... .... . I have ever seen.
9. I will never forget the day .. .. ... .. I went to Paris with my father.
10. I am sorry we have nothing ................. suits you.
11. Mr. and Mrs. Bucket have a small boy ... .. . ... name is Charlie.
12. The day ... ... ..... he left Istanbul for Paris was Monday.
13. The car by.... . .... .. I came is waiting in the street.
14. The reason ..........they came here is obvious.
15. I cannot remember anything.. ... ..... he said.
16. Do you know the person with .. ..... . my father went to the circus last night ?
RELATIVE-CLAUSES (MIXED TYPES)
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause".
1. The theatre opened in 1983. It is on High Street.

2. The pencil is on the table, I write my letters with it.

3. The boy is my brother. He has a red coat on.

4. Do you know the woman? Her luggage has got lost.

5. This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was painted in. 1860.

6. Stratford is the place where Shakespeare was born. It attracts many tourists.

7. The man is my neighbour. The children saw him- in the street yesterday.

8. The man has just gone abroad. His house was sold last month.

9. I left the house at four oclock. They were still arguing then.

10. My father drives very carefully. He has got a Toyota.

REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

Rewrite the following sentences using "WITH". Do not use the "Relative Pronouns".
Example: The girl who had long hair answered the door.
The girl with the long hair answered the door.
1. The boy who has a bicycle is very clever.

2. Do you see the girl who has a red dress?

3. I feel sorry for people who have no homes.

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4. John is a man who has a big heart.

5. I saw the man who had a scar on his face.

6. I bought a car which had four doors.

7. He was a nasty man who had a bad temper.

8. The clown who has a big nose made all the children laugh.

9. The man who had three children applied for the job.

10. The woman who has no sins will go to paradise.

REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

Combine and reduce the following pairs of sentences using a "Past Participle".
Example : The student will win the reward. The student is selected by the jury
The student who is selected by the jury will win the reward.
The student selected by the jury will win the reward.
1. The woman was taken to hospital. She was injured in the accident.

2. The operation was a success. It was carried out by a famous surgeon yesterday.

3. The fence has been repaired. It was ruined by the children.

4. The lorry started its journey in Samsun. It was loaded with bricks.

5. The student is in hospital. He has been caught cheating in the examination.

6. I feel sorry for the teacher. He was sacked last week.

7. The classroom was very cold. It had been used lot the exam.

8. All the cars are very cheap. They are manufactured in that car plant.

9. The book will be announced tomorrow. It is selected by the committee.

10. The boy is waiting outside. He was expelled from school for smoking.

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REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
Shorten the relative clauses in the following sentences without using a "Relative Pronoun" and the verb
"BE".
Example: The picture which is on the wall is very expensive.
The picture on the wall is very expensive.

1. The man who is hi the room is very handsome.

2. The teacher who is in front of the car looks very tired.

3. The man who is on the left of the street is my boss.

4. All the children that were at the party enjoyed themselves very much.

5. The books which are on the floor will be sent to Ankara.

6. The women who are in the examination room are very nervous

7. The bird which is in your hair seems to be wounded.

8. The woman who is in the corner gets up at six oclock.

9. The boy who is on the platform will go to London next week.

10. The jacket which is in the car doesn't belong to me.

REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

Rewrite the following sentences using a "Full Infinitive". Do not use a "Relative Pronoun".
Example: The first man who sailed around the world was Joshua Stocum
The first man to sail around the world was Joshua Stocum.

1. Katherine was the first French woman who flew a plane.

2. The only student that passed the exam was Helen.

3. The first guest that arrived at our house was George Benson.
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4. The best thing that you can do is to call the police.

5. The first ship that landed in New Zealand won the race.

6. This was the last of colonies that became independent.

7. Melissa will be the last girl who will take the exam.

8. I have a lot of dirty clothes that I must wash.

9. Jackson is the only person that you can trust.

10. Could you give me a book which I can read on the plane?

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WISHES

21
 SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + THE PAST SIMPLE
IF ONLY + SUBJECT + THE PAST SIMPLE
Example: What a pity that I am a poor man.
I wish I were not a poor man. If only I were not a poor man.
It is a pity that Olga does not love me.
I wish Olga loved me. If only Olga loved me.
1. It is a pity that I don't know the name of that pretty girl.
I wish________________________________________________________
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2. There is a party this evening, but I have a terrible headache.
If only________________________________________________________
3. We are very sorry that we live in a city with a lot of air pollution.
I wish ________________________________________________________
4. It is a shame that we don't have a television set at home.
If only ________________________________________________________
5. Natalie feels sorry that her parents live in misery.
Natalie wishes ________________________________________________________
6. It is a pity that I have to work in the office tomorrow.
If only ________________________________________________________
7. I am very sorry that I am not a king.
I wish ________________________________________________________
8. I am sorry that I cannot speak French as fluently as my father.
If only ________________________________________________________
9. What a pity that I am not as handsome as you are.
I wish ________________________________________________________
10. I am sorry that I have an old father.
If only ________________________________________________________
WISHES IN ENGLISH
Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to express your wishes for
the Present or Future.
SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + THE PAST CONTINUOUS
IE ONLY + SUBJECT + THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Example: What a pity that I am not living in luxury.
I wish I were living in luxury.
If only I were living in luxury.
I am sorry that you are teasing my daughter about her spots.
1. It is a pity that I am not going to London with ray father.
I wish ________________________________________________________
2. What a pity that I am not dancing with that beautiful girl now.
If only ________________________________________________________
3. They are not doing the Polka now and 1 am sorry for that.
I wish ________________________________________________________
4. I am sorry that you are not helping Helen with her homework.
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If only ________________________________________________________
5. I cannot see the Queen because you are sitting in front of me.
I wish ________________________________________________________
6. I think you are lying to your father now.
If only ________________________________________________________
7. I am sorry that you are selling your car.
I wish ________________________________________________________
8. It is a pity that you are helping my enemies.
If only________________________________________________________
9. What a pity that Patricia is not expressing her opinions clearly.
I wish ________________________________________________________
10. What a pity that you are not taking your fathers advice all the time.
If only________________________________________________________
WISHES IN ENGLISH
Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to express your wishes for
the Present or Future.
SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + WOULD/COULD + PLAIN INFINITIVE
Example: I know that I cannot stop eating too much chocolate.
I wish I could stop eating so much chocolate.
1. I am sorry that I wont be able to play tennis as well as Mary does.
I wish
2. What a pity that I won't be able to come to your party on Saturday.
I wish
3. It is a pity that your friend smokes too much.
I wish
4. According to the weather prediction, it is going to rain tomorrow.
I wish
5. My son is not coming to London for Christmas. All the rest of the family will be here.
I wish
6. Aren't you tired of wearing that old sweater?
I wish
7. This clock doesn't function properly.
I wish
WISHES IN ENGLISH
24
Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to change other people's
irritating habits or behaviour for the Present or Future.
SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + WOULD + PLAIN INFINITIVE
Example: The children are always asking me for money.
I wish the children wouldn't always ask me for money.
1.Our neighbours are always quarrelling. It is really irritating.
I wish our neighbours
2. The children upstairs are making a lot of noise at the moment
I wish the children upstairs
3. My sister is always cracking her knuckles in front of visitors.
I wish my sister
4. My husband doesn't take me out to dinner once a year.
I wish my
5. The woman doesn't dust the furniture when she comes here.
I wish the woman
6. My brother is perpetually cheating me at cards.
I wish my brother
WISHES IN ENGLISH
Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to express your wishes for
the Past.
SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
IF ONLY + SUBJECT + THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Example: It is a pity that I spent all my money on clothes yesterday.
I wish I had not spent all my money on clothes yesterday.
I am sorry that I didn't tell him the truth last night.
If only I had told him the truth last night.
1. What a pity that I didn't work for that company until I got married.
I wish I
2. I didn't learn Spanish when I was in Madrid, and now I am sorry for that.
If only I
3. I left the house before my friend came and I am sorry for that.
I wish I
4. I am sorry that I didn't wear my new dress to Helen's party last night.
If only I
25
5. Lillian stole her friend's lighter last week, and now she feels very sorry for it.
Lillian wishes she
6. Tina has just painted the door red. Now she thinks that it doesnt look nice.
If only Tina

26
REPORT SPEECH

27
REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT)
Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the Reporting
Verbs as in the example below.
Direct : Olga says / said, "I will go to Paris tomorrow."
Reported: a. Olga says that she will go to Paris tomorrow.
b. Olga said that she would go to Paris the next day.
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 1.James says /said, "I always get up at six oclock in the morning".
a. James says.......... ..... ................. . . ... .. ................ .. .. .... .. .........
b. James said ....... . .... ... ... ....... . ... .. ........ ...
2. The children say / said, "We will go to the cinema tonight".
a. The children say .. .. ... .. ................... ... ....... . .. ..
b. The children said . .. .. ............ .. . .. ..... ..... . ................
3. Janet says / said, "I wrote a letter to my father yesterday".
a. Janet says ............................. .. .. ... ... ............................... .... .. ..
b. Janet said . ... ... ....... ............................. .. ... .... ........................
4. They say / said, "We saw a very good play at the theatre last night".
a. They say .. .. .... ..... ............................. ... ... ..... .... .. ...
b. They said . .. .... ... .. .. .... .............. . . .. ... ... ..... ............ .... ..
5. Catherine says / said, "I was listening to the radio at seven oclock this morning".
a. Catherine says ........................................... .. .. .... ......................... ...
b. Catherine said. .. .... .................................... .. ... .. ....
6. My father says/said, "My aim is to set up a new political party in Turkey".
a.My father says............................. ... ... .... ....................................... ..... ... ....
b. My father said. .................................. .. .... ..... .... ............................. ...
7. Peter says / said, "I paid the bill the day before yesterday".
a. Peter says... ....................... ... .... .. ... .. ....................... .. .. .... .
b. Peter said .......................................... ..... ... .................................. ... .... ...
8. Maria says / said, "There were a lot of people at the cinema last night".
a. Maria says. ................ ... ... ..................................... ..... .... ..... .....
b. Maria said ................ .. .. .... ................................. .... ... .... ............ ...
9. The governor says / said, "The school will be opened the day after tomorrow".
a. The governor say ............. .. ... .... .. ..................... .. ... .... ... ............... ...
b. The governor said..................... ... .. .... ... .. .................... ... .... .. ... ...
10. The man says/said, "My sister was in South Africa three years ago".
a. The man says......................... .. .. ..... .................................. .. ..... ...
b. The man said . .. .... ............................. ....... ..... .... ....................... .. ... ...

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the other "Reporting Verbs" on the list
below.
DENY OFFER ACCUSE ADVISE DOUBT BOAST SUGGEST ADMIT
PREDICT PROMISE REMINDAPOLOGIZE
a. Direct : Selda said, "No, I don't have any love affairs with Danny".
b. Reported : Selda denied that she had any love affairs with Danny.
1.Peter said, "No, I didn't punch anybody at the end of the match".
Peter ............................................................................. .... .. .. .. .. .. . ..
2. Susan said, "Lets go for a walk in the forest".

29
Susan .... .... ... .. ... .... .... . . ... .. .. .. .. ....... ... ...........................
3. Sally said to Gilda, "You had better make your complaints to the manager".
Sally... ... .. ... .. ... .. .... ... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... .... ....... .....
4. Pamela said, "I am awfully sorry that I have made a silly mistake".
Pamela ... ... .. ... . .. .. .... .. .... .. ... .. .. . . .... .. . ..... .
5. My father said to me, "I think that you will be in charge of the whole company".
My lather................ ........ .. ... .. ........ . ... ..... ... ... .. ... .. ...
6. Cathy said, "I am very glad that I have never had an accident in my life".
Cathy .. .. .... ..... . .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... . ... .. ....
7. Matilda said to me, "Okay, I will never try to hide your pencil again".
Matilda ........................ ...... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... ..... .... ...
8. Rose said, "I don't really think that it will rain in the afternoon".
Rose .... ... ... .. .... .... ... .. .. .... ... .. ... .. ..... .. ... .... .
9. Sheila said, "Yes, of course, I will give you a lift, Mge".
Sheila ................................................................................................. ................. ..... .......... ....
10. David said, "I am sorry that I have broken my teacher's heart".
David. ... .... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .... .... .. .... ... .. ... ...
11. Diana said, "Don't forget to bring your camera to the party, Kate"
Diana ..... ... .. ... ... . ... .......... ......... .... . ..................................................................
12. Selcuk said, "Eel me carry your suitcase, Rosemary".
Selcuk.... .... ... .. .... ..... ... .. ... ..... .. .. ... .... .. .. ... .... .... .. .. .
13. The actor said. "All right, it was my fault. I was nervous during the performance".
The actor ...................... ...... .... ....................................................... ...................... ........ ..... .14.
The inspector said, "You murdered the poor woman, didn't you, Ruth!"
The inspector ........................ .......................................................... ......................... ....................... ............
15. Roger said, "Don't worry, Hilda, I will bring you your camera back tomorrow".
Roger ... .. .... .. .. ... ...
REPORTED SPEECH (QUESTION)
Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the "Reporting
Verb". Use the reporting verb "ask" only.
Direct : Janet says / said to me, "How often do you go to the cinema?"
Reported : Janet asks me how often I go to the cinema.
Janet asked me how often I went to the cinema.
1.I say / said to Linda, "What time do you have breakfast in the morning?"
30
I ask. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I asked -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Jane says / said to me. "When does your father go to work?"
Jane asks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jane asked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Paul says / said to Helen, "How old is your son?"
Paul asks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paul asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.The teacher says / said to Mar}', "Where are your friends playing tennis?"
The teacher asks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The teacher asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Gloria says / said to the man, "What do you know about the bank robbery?"
Gloria asks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gloria asked ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. I say / said to Lisa, "When did you eat your breakfast?"
I ask. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I asked -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Alice says / said to me, "How many letters did you write to your wife last week?"
Alice asks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alice asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Rana says / said to them, "Why were you running after the dog last night?"
Rana asks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rana asked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. The man says / said to her, "How much money will you spend on your books?"
The man asks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The man asked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.Hilda said to Peter, "Where will you go tomorrow?"
Hilda asks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hilda asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the "Reporting
Verb". Use the reporting verb "ask" only.
Direct : Mary says / said to me, "Do you believe in God?"
Reported : Mary asks me if/whether I believe in God (or not).
Mary asked me if / whether T believed in God (or not).

1.I say / said to Kale, "Does your father really work for the Secret Service?"
I ask ____________________________________________________________
I asked ____________________________________________________________
2.Rita says / said to me, "Did you see the doctor yesterday?"
Rita asks____________________________________________________________
Rita asked____________________________________________________________
3.Natalie says / said to Peter, "Do your students speak English very well?"
Natalie asks____________________________________________________________
Natalie asked ____________________________________________________________
4.Leyla says / said to him, "Were you living in Turkey during the war?"
Leyla asks ____________________________________________________________
Leyla asked____________________________________________________________
31
5.My father says / said to us, "Are you listening to the radio now?"
My father asks ____________________________________________________________
My father asked____________________________________________________________
6.Dorothy says / said to Richard, "Does your wife usually have lunch in the kitchen?"
Dorothy asks ___________________________________________________________
Dorothy asked ____________________________________________________________
7. I say / said to my wife, "Will you go to the circus tomorrow?"
I ask____________________________________________________________
I asked ____________________________________________________________
8. The manager says / said to me, "Does your wife have any complaints to make?"
The manager asks _________________________________________________________________
The manager asked ____________________________________________________________
9. My sister says / said to me, "Are you on friendly terms with your friends?"
My sister asks ____________________________________________________________
My sister asked ____________________________________________________________
10. Danny says / said to Silvia, "Do you love me?"
Danny asks ____________________________________________________________
Danny asked _______________________________________________________________

REPORTED SPEECH (IMPERATIVE)

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" on the list below.
TELL DEMAND FORBID ORDER REMIND WANT
COMMAND INSTRUCT URGE WARN THREATEN DIRECT
Direct : Peter says / said to me, "Show me the pictures".
Reported : Peter tells me to show him the pictures,
Peter told me to show him the pictures.

1. My boss says / said to me, "Don't tell anybody about this plan".
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The doctor says / said to me, "Eat fruit when you are hungry".
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Peter says / said to her, "Don't worry whatever you do".
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. My mother says / said to me, "Wait in this room until I come back".
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. My father says / said to Peter, "Tell me what time you got up this morning".
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. My friend says / said to Helga, "Don't forget about your appointment".
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. My sister says / said to him, "Turn the light off before you go out".

32