THE PASSIVE VOICE

Present Passive Voice: Latin use of the Active and Passive Voices corresponds
generally to the English use. The passive forms for present, imperfect and future
are based on present stems for all conjugations, with these personal endings:
-r -mur
-ris -mini
-tur -ntur

-re -re -ere -ere (io) -re

portor doceor mittor capior audior
portris docris mitteris caperis audris
porttur doctur mittitur capitur audtur
portmur docmur mittimur capimur audmur
portmini docmin mittimin capimin audmin
portantur docentur mittuntur capiuntur audiuntur

Imperfect Passive: The imperfect passive is formed by inserting -ba-:

portbar docbar mittbar capibar audibar
portbris docbris mittbris capibris audibris
portbtur docbtur mittbtur capibtur audibtur
portbmur docbmur mittbmur capibmur audibmur
portbmin docbmin mittbmin capibmin audibmin
portbantur docbantur mittbantur capibantur audibantur

Future Passive: Formed by inserting -bi- for first and second conjugations, -- for
third and fourth:
portbor docbor mittar capiar audiar
portberis docberis mittris capiris audiris
portbitur docbitur mitttur capitur auditur
portbimur docbimur mittmur capimur audimur
portbimin docbimin mittmin capimin audimin
portbuntur docbuntur mittentur capientur audientur

Passive Infintives: Change the final -e of the infinitive ending to -, except in the
third conjugation where the entire infinitive ending becomes -.
portr docr mitt cap audr

Specttrs procul audr possunt, the spectators can be heard at a distance.

 Perfect Passive System
The perfect system for the passive voice (perfect, pluperfect and future perfect) is
formed by adding a form of esse to the perfect passive participle (the 4th principal
part). The perfect passive participle (always nominative) will agree with its subject
in number and gender.

Perfect Passive (I was carried . . . ): present tense of esse + the perfect passive
participle:
portatus sum doctus sum missum sum captus sum audtus sum
portatus es doctus es missum es captus es audtus es
portatus est doctus est missum est captus est audtus est
portat sumus doct sumus miss sumus capt sumus audt sumus
portat estis doct estis miss estis capt estis audt estis
portat sunt doct sunt miss sunt capt sunt audt sunt

Pluperfect Passive (I had been carried . . . ): imperfect tense of esse + the perfect
passive participle:
portatus eram doctus eram missum eram captus eram audtus eram
portatus eras doctus eras missum eras captus eras audtus eras
portatus erat doctus erat missum erat captus erat audtus erat
portat ermus doct ermus miss ermus capt ermus audt ermus
portat ertis doct ertis miss ertis capt ertis audt ertis
portat erant doct erant miss erant capt erant audt erant

Future Passive (I will have been carried . . . ): future tense of esse + the perfect
passive participle:
portatus ero doctus ero missum ero captus ero audtus ero
portatus eris doctus eris missum eris captus eris audtus eris
portatus erit doctus erit missum erit captus erit audtus erit
portat erimus doct erimus miss erimus capt erimus audt erimus
portat eritis doct eritis miss eritis capt eritis audt eritis
portat erunt doct erunt miss erunt capt erunt audt erunt

The perfect passive participle will agree with its subject in number and gender:
Vir ab agricol in casam ductus est. The man was led into the house by the farmer.
Virg a vir in casam ducta est. The maiden was led into the house by the man.
Animal puer in casam ductum est. The animal was led into the house by the boy.