Akkadian Vocabulary

abum, pl. abb: father [L2]
adi (prep.): until, as far as, together with; (conj.): as
long as, until [L4]
aum, pl. a: brother [L2]
ajjm: which, what? [L5]
alkum (pres. Illak, prt. Illik; further forms will be
seen in 68): to go [L3]
ana (prep.): to [L1]
ana mm, ammni(m): why? [L4]
anku: I [L4]
annm: this [L5]
anumma: now, herewith [L4]
ari: quickly [L5]
arnum: sin, crime, punishment [L1]
arum: place [L1]
aatum (stem *an-): wife [L2]
aum (prep.): because of, concerning; (conj.) because
[L1]
awtum, pl. awtum: word [L2]
awlum: man [L1]
balum (u): to live, be in health [L4]
*bnium, bnm: builder, maker [L2]
baqrum (a/u): to claim (legally) [L5]
bltum, pl. bltum: lady, mistress [L2]
blum: lord, master, owner [L2]
bum: possession [L2]
btum (m.), pl. bttum (f.): house [L1]
dabbum (u): to speak [L5]
dajjnum: judge [L3]
dannum, f. dannatum: strong, powerful [L1]
*drium, drm: (ever)lasting [L2]
dnum: judgment, legal case [L2]
ekallum (<Sum. .GAL): palace [L2]
eli: on, upon; elu on it (84i) [L2]
eqlum (m.), pl. eqltum (f.) (*ql): field [L2]
errum (*rt): (tenant-)farmer [L2]
erretum, pl. errtum: curse, malediction [L1]
eretum: earth [L2]
eemtum, pl. emtum: bone [L2]
ezzum, f. ezzetum: angry [L1]
gimillum: favor [L4]
gitmlum: perfect, noble [L1]
alqum (i): to be lost, destroyed, perish [L4]
aum (usually fem.), pl. atum: staff, scepter [L5]
ulqum: lost object [L2]
idum: arm, side [L2]
ilum, pl. il or iln: god [L1]
ina (prep.): in, among, from, within, with
(instrumental) [L1]
num: eye [L2]
inma: when [L4]
itum (f.) pl. ittum: fire [L1]
itu (prep.): from [L1]
ium: tree, wood [L3]
itti (prep.): with; ittu with him (84i) [L2]
kabtum, f. kabittum: heavy, honored, important
(person) [L1]
kadrum: wild, fierce [L1]
kalm: totality, entirety [L2]
karbum (a/u) to bless, greet, pray (for = dat.) [L5]
kadum (a/u): to reach, arrive at, conquer [L3]
kaspum: silver [or money] [L3]
kam : thus, as follows [L4]
kna (prep.): as, like; (conj.): as, that, when [L1]
kirm < *kirium: orchard, garden [L4]
kittum (f. of knum): truth, justice; pl. kntum: justice
[L4]
kuukkum: cylinder seal [L2]
l: not (50) [L5]
labum (a): to put on, wear; Gt. To clothe oneself, put
on (+acc.); D to clothe someone (acc.) with (acc.);
to clothe (metaphorical use) [L5]
labirum: old [L5]
lma: before [L4]
libbum: heart, center, middle [L2]
l l: either or [L4]
-ma: emphatic particle; connective particle [L4]
magrum (a/u): to agree to (acc.), welcome; Gt agree
with (itti) someone about (ana) [L5]
maar (constr. Of marum, see lesson 1): in front of,
before [L3]
maum (a): to beat, strike [L3]
maum: font [L1]
mannum: who? [L5]
d
Marduk: the god Marduk, patron of Babylon [L2]
marum, f. marutum (<*marutum): sick, difficult,
painful [L1]
mrtum: daughter [L4]
mrum: son [L2]
mtum (f.), pl. mttum: land [L2]
mnum, minm: what? [L5]
marum (*jr): justice [L2]
m (plur.<*m): water
mutlum (*l): prudent [L5]
nadnum (pres. Inaddin, prt. Iddin<*indin: 83e): to
give; (ana kaspim) nadnum: to sell [L3]
naksum (pres. Inakkis, prt. Ikkis: 83e): to cut down,
cut off [L3]
namkrum: possession (*mkr, cf. 83c) [L3]
narm (<NA4.RU.A): stele [L4]
narum (pres. inaar, prt. iur: 83e): to guard,
keep [L3]
nidintum, nidittum: gift [L2] arrtum: kingship [L2]
niu (f.pl.): people [L1] arum (a/u): to write [L4]
num: oath (lit. like); usually in n ilim (oath) by the ebrum (I, pres. Iebbir, teebbir, eebbir; prt. Ibir,
like of a god, n arrim and the like [L3] tebir, ebir; v. adj. ebrum; cf. 84g): to break
nuum: abundance [L3] [L3]
palum (a): to fear, reverence [L3] erum, f. eertum: small [L2]
paqdum (i): to care for (acc.), to entrust (acc.) to ibtum, construc ibat (*wb): interest (on capital) [L2]
(ana/dat.) [L3] ibtum, construct ibit (*bt): agricultural holding,
parsum (a/u): to cut, divide [L3] propertry [L5]
d
paum (i): to erase, efface [L3] Sn: the moon-god [L4]
pm: mouth (construct state: p) [L3] sinnitum: woman [L4]
*purussum, purussm: decision; purussm parsum: iprum: work [L2]
to make a decision [L3] iqlum: shekel = ca. 8.3 grams [L4]
puqum: difficulty [L1] rum, f. rtum: exalted [L2]
qaqqadum: head (also serves as reflexive pronoun: u, uti, iti: that; unti: those (49) [L5]
qaqqad = myself); qaqqadum kabtum: honored ubtum: seat, dwelling [L2]
self, honor [L5] ulmum: wholeness, health [L2]
qtum (f.): hand [L2] umma (conj.): if [L3]
qtum: present, gift [L2] umum: name, offspring [L2]
rabm <*rabium, f. rabtum: great [L1] qurum, f. qurtum (*wqr): very costly, precious
ragmum (u) to claim, raise a legal claim [L3] [L2]
rm (G ptc. Of *ri): shephered [L5] tamum: battle [L1]
rtum: shepherdship [L2] tamkrum: merchant [L4]
rmum: beloved [L4] ardum (a/u): to send (a person) [L4]
rnum: wild bull [L1] mum (*m): news, report, decision [L4]
rittum (f., *rt): wrist, hand [L3] uppum: (clay-)tablet [L2]
*rubum, rubm: prince, noble [L2] u: and [L2]
a: who, whom, which (see 37) [L4] : or [L4]
abtum (a): to seize [L3] ul: not [L4]
aknum (a/u): to put, place, set [L3] ullm: that [L5]
aknum (<*akinumk): governor [L2] ummum (f.): mother [L1]
almum (i): be whole, healthy [L5] waldum (pres. ullad, pret. lid): to bear, give birth to
alutum: one third (f. of the ordinal alum third) (acc.) [L4]
[L2] wardum: slave, servant [L1]
*am, am (m. pl.): sky, heavens [L2] warki: after [L4]
anm <* anium, f. antm: second, other [L1] watum: difficult, hard, fierce [L1]
aprum (a/u): send; send (a letter), write (to=dat.) water (status absolutes used as adv.): further,
[L4] excessively [L5]
sapum, f. sapitum: scattered [L1] zakrum (a/u): to speak, say, name [L3]
d
aqlum (a/u): to weigh (out), pay [L3] Zarpantum (darpantum): goddess, spouse of
arkum (a/u): to present, to give [L3] Marduk [L5]
arqum (i): to steal [L3] zrum: seed [L2]
arrqum: thief [L4] zicarum or zikrum (84b): male, man [L1]
arratum: queen [L2] zittum: share (of properly) [L2]
arrum: king [L1]
LESSON 1

ana (prep.): to [L1]

arnum: sin, crime, punishment [L1]
arum: place [L1]
aum (prep.): because of, concerning; (conj.) because [L1]
awlum: man [L1]
btum (m.), pl. bttum (f.): house [L1]
dannum, f. dannatum: strong, powerful [L1]
erretum, pl. errtum: curse, malediction [L1]
ezzum, f. ezzetum: angry [L1]
gitmlum: perfect, noble [L1]
ilum, pl. il or iln: god [L1]
ina (prep.): in, among, from, within, with (instrumental) [L1]
itum (f.) pl. ittum: fire [L1]
itu (prep.): from [L1]
kabtum, f. kabittum: heavy, honored, important (person) [L1]
kadrum: wild, fierce [L1]
kna (prep.): as, like; (conj.): as, that, when [L1]
maum: font [L1]
marum, f. marutum (<*marutum): sick, difficult, painful [L1]
niu (f.pl.): people [L1]
puqum: difficulty [L1]
rabm <*rabium, f. rabtum: great [L1]
rnum: wild bull [L1]
sapum, f. sapitum: scattered [L1]
anm <* anium, f. antm: second, other [L1]
arrum: king [L1]
tamum: battle [L1]
ummum (f.): mother [L1]
wardum: slave, servant [L1]
watum: difficult, hard, fierce [L1]
zicarum or zikrum (84b): male, man [L1]

LESSON 2

abum, pl. abb: father [L2]

aum, pl. a: brother [L2]
aatum (stem *an-): wife [L2]
awtum, pl. awtum: word [L2]
*bnium, bnm: builder, maker [L2]
bltum, pl. bltum: lady, mistress [L2]
blum: lord, master, owner [L2]
bum: possession [L2]
*drium, drm: (ever)lasting [L2]
dnum: judgment, legal case [L2]
ekallum (<Sum. .GAL): palace [L2]
eli: on, upon; elu on it (84i) [L2]
eqlum (m.), pl. eqltum (f.) (*ql): field [L2]
errum (*rt): (tenant-)farmer [L2]
eretum: earth [L2]
eemtum, pl. emtum: bone [L2]
ulqum: lost object [L2]
idum: arm, side [L2]
num: eye [L2]
itti (prep.): with; ittu with him (84i) [L2]
kalm: totality, entirety [L2]
kuukkum: cylinder seal [L2]
libbum: heart, center, middle [L2]
d
Marduk: the god Marduk, patron of Babylon [L2]
mrum: son [L2]
mtum (f.), pl. mttum: land [L2]
marum (*jr): justice [L2]
nidintum, nidittum: gift [L2]
qtum (f.): hand [L2]
qtum: present, gift [L2]
rtum: shepherdship [L2]
*rubum, rubm: prince, noble [L2]
erum, f. eertum: small [L2]
ibtum, construc ibat (*wb): interest (on capital) [L2]
rum, f. rtum: exalted [L2]
aknum (<*akinumk): governor [L2]
alutum: one third (f. of the ordinal alum third) [L2]
*am, am (m. pl.): sky, heavens [L2]
arratum: queen [L2]
arrtum: kingship [L2]
iprum: work [L2]
ubtum: seat, dwelling [L2]
ulmum: wholeness, health [L2]
umum: name, offspring [L2]
qurum, f. qurtum (*wqr): very costly, precious [L2]
uppum: (clay-)tablet [L2]
u: and [L2]
zrum: seed [L2]
zittum: share (of properly) [L2]

LESSON 3

alkum (pres. Illak, prt. Illik; further forms will be seen in 68): to go [L3]
dajjnum: judge [L3]
ium: tree, wood [L3]
kaspum: silver [or money] [L3]
kadum (a/u): to reach, arrive at, conquer [L3]
maum (a): to beat, strike [L3]
m (plur.<*m): water
nadnum (pres. Inaddin, prt. Iddin<*indin: 83e): to give; (ana kaspim) nadnum: to sell [L3]
naksum (pres. Inakkis, prt. Ikkis: 83e): to cut down, cut off [L3]
namkrum: possession (*mkr, cf. 83c) [L3]
narum (pres. inaar, prt. iur: 83e): to guard, keep [L3]
num: oath (lit. like); usually in n ilim (oath) by the like of a god, n arrim and the like [L3]
nuum: abundance [L3]
palum (a): to fear, reverence [L3]
paqdum (i): to care for (acc.), to entrust (acc.) to (ana/dat.) [L3]
parsum (a/u): to cut, divide [L3]
paum (i): to erase, efface [L3]
pm: mouth (construct state: p) [L3]
*purussum, purussm: decision; purussm parsum: to make a decision [L3]
ragmum (u) to claim, raise a legal claim [L3]
rittum (f., *rt): wrist, hand [L3]
abtum (a): to seize [L3]
aknum (a/u): to put, place, set [L3]
aqlum (a/u): to weigh (out), pay [L3]
arkum (a/u): to present, to give [L3]
arqum (i): to steal [L3]
ebrum (I, pres. Iebbir, teebbir, eebbir; prt. Ibir, tebir, ebir; v. adj. ebrum; cf. 84g): to break [L3]
umma (conj.): if [L3]
zakrum (a/u): to speak, say, name [L3]
maar (constr. Of marum, see lesson 1): in front of, before [L3]

LESSON 4

adi (prep.): until, as far as, together with; (conj.): as long as, until [L4]
ana mm, ammni(m): why? [L4]
anku: I [L4]
anumma: now, herewith [L4]
balum (u): to live, be in health [L4]
gimillum: favor [L4]
alqum (i): to be lost, destroyed, perish [L4]
inma: when [L4]
kam : thus, as follows [L4]
kirm < *kirium: orchard, garden [L4]
kittum (f. of knum): truth, justice; pl. kntum: justice [L4]
lma: before [L4]
l l: either or [L4]
-ma: emphatic particle; connective particle [L4]
mrtum: daughter [L4]
narm (<NA4.RU.A): stele [L4]
rmum: beloved [L4]
d
Sn: the moon-god [L4]
sinnitum: woman [L4]
a: who, whom, which (see 37) [L4]
aprum (a/u): send; send (a letter), write (to=dat.) [L4]
arrqum: thief [L4]
arum (a/u): to write [L4]
iqlum: shekel = ca. 8.3 grams [L4]
tamkrum: merchant [L4]
ardum (a/u): to send (a person) [L4]
mum (*m): news, report, decision [L4]
: or [L4]
ul: not [L4]
waldum (pres. ullad, pret. lid): to bear, give birth to (acc.) [L4]
warki: after [L4]

LESSON 5

ajjm: which, what? [L5]

annm: this [L5]
ari: quickly [L5]
baqrum (a/u): to claim (legally) [L5]
dabbum (u): to speak [L5]
aum (usually fem.), pl. atum: staff, scepter [L5]
karbum (a/u) to bless, greet, pray (for = dat.) [L5]
l: not (50) [L5]
labum (a): to put on, wear; Gt. To clothe oneself, put on (+acc.); D to clothe someone (acc.) with (acc.); to clothe
(metaphorical use) [L5]
labirum: old [L5]
magrum (a/u): to agree to (acc.), welcome; Gt agree with (itti) someone about (ana) [L5]
mannum: who? [L5]
mnum, minm: what? [L5]
mutlum (*l): prudent [L5]
qaqqadum: head (also serves as reflexive pronoun: qaqqad = myself); qaqqadum kabtum: honored self, honor
[L5]
rm (G ptc. Of *ri): shephered [L5]
ibtum, construct ibit (*bt): agricultural holding, propertry [L5]
almum (i): be whole, healthy [L5]
u, uti, iti: that; unti: those (49) [L5]
ullm: that [L5]
water (status absolutes used as adv.): further, excessively [L5]
d
Zarpantum (darpantum): goddess, spouse of Marduk [L5]