Rung chn do hot ng thi cng xy dng, kt qu thc nghim o rung chn xc nh bn knh

nh hng n cng trnh ln cn.

TM TT: Hot ng thi cng xy dng cng trnh xy dng nh lu nn mt ng, khoan cc nhi,
n mn thi cng hm, ng cc vng vy thp, thi cng cc ct m x l nn t yu gy lan
truyn sng chn ng trong nn t nh hng n cc cng trnh xung quanh. Nu cng
sng lan truyn ln c th gy h hi cc cng trnh gy ra nhng tranh chp gia cng ng dn c
khu vc xy dng v ch d n. xc nh bn knh rung ng c th gy h hng cc cng trnh
ln cn i vi tng ngun gy rung lm c s cho qui hoch, la chn cng ngh thi cng, thit k
bin php gim chn nhm gim thiu ri ro cho cc cng trnh xung quanh. Bi bo gii thiu tng
quan v s lan truyn sng trong nn t do cc hot ng thi cng xy dng, cc yu cu gii hn
v mc rung chn nh hng n cng trnh ln cn, phng php, thit b o c rung chn v
nhiu kt qu thc nghim o c rung chn cc d n xy dng cng trnh thc hin ti khu vc
min Trung Vit Nam trong thi gian gn y.

T KHA: Vn tc nh cht im (PPV), hot ng thi cng xy dng, rung ng, lan truyn sng,
kt qu thc nghim.

Abstract: Construction activities as embankment vibratory roller, pile drilling, tunneling and blasting,
piling, construction sand pile for improvement soft soil... causing wave propagation in the ground and
affect to surrounding buildings. If large wave strength may cause damage to the surrounding
buildings and causing disputes between residential community and and project owners. To determine
the effective radius can cause damage to the neighboring buildings by causes vibration as the basis
for planning, choice of construction method, design damping measures to minimize the risk to the
public around, the need for experimental vibration measurements in the field. This paper introduces
an overview of wave propagation in the ground due to the construction activities, the limit of vibration
velocity affecting neighboring buildings, methods and instrumentation for vibration measure and
experimental results of some construction projects at the Central region of Vietnam in recent times.

Keywords: Peak particle velocity (PPV), construction activities, vibration, wave propagation,
experimental results.

1. T VN

Nhiu hot ng thi cng xy dng cng trnh nh: ng cc, khoan cc, lu nn ng, khoan n
mn ng hm (ngun rung) gy sng lan truyn trong nn t tc ng ln cng trnh v con
ngi sng xung quanh khu vc thi cng. Bin sng lan truyn ln c th lm h hng cng trnh
ln cn nn cn c hn ch bng cch la chn cng ngh/thit b thi cng ph hp hoc s dng
cc bin php gim chn ng do sng lan truyn trong nn t.

Thc t xy dng cc d n ln nhng nm qua khu vc min Trung nh: D n nt giao ng ba

Hu, ng vnh ai pha Nam TP. Nng, ng Nguyn Tt Thnh ni di, ng cao tc
Nng - Qung Ngi, m rng QL1 qua cc tnh min Trung c nhiu tranh chp gia ngi dn
v ch u t v vn rung chn do thi cng gy h hi nh dn xung quanh. S tranh chp ny
lm cn tr hot ng thi cng gy ko di tin v to d lun x hi khng tt cho d n [2].

Cc loi sng c bn truyn t ngun rung vo nn t cch ngun rung mt khong cch bao gm:
Sng Rayleigh(R); sng ct (S) v sng nn (P). Nhn chung, c th chia thnh hai loi sng: Sng
khi - lan truyn trong khi t v sng mt - lan truyn trong phn trn mt t. Cc loi sng to ra
s chuyn ng cc ht t khc nhau khi chng i qua, do kt cu s b bin dng khc nhau
ng vi tng loi sng.

Sng P, sng S v sng R di chuyn vi tc khc nhau. Sng P i nhanh nht, sau l sng S
v sng R. Dc theo mt t, sng P v sng S tiu tn nhanh hn sng R. Do , sng R gy xo
trn ln nht mt nn v c th nhn bit r rng t mt khong cch xa ngun rung. V d, sng
R chim 67% tng nng lng sng S chiu 26% v sng P chim 7% khi lc kch thch tc ng
thng gc vi phng truyn sng (Richart et al 1970).

C nhiu cng thc thc nghim c xut m t s suy gim s lan truyn sng chn
ng trong nn t cho cc trng hp xc nh. Phng php t l theo khong cch c gii
thiu theo cng thc 1 c s dng rng ri cho hot ng n mn v ng cc (Svinkin 1999 and
Wiss 1981) [5, 6].

Trong : V - Vn tc cht nh ti im cch khong R t ngun rung; W - Nng lng ca ngun

gy rung; k v n - Cc tham s thc nghim xc nh t th quan h V v R trn trc logarit.

Wiss (1981) cho rng, k v n l c nh cho mi t hp ngun rung v loi t. Phng php ny
khng th s dng m khng dng cc s liu o c chi tit ti hin trng.

Nhiu bn cp nht phng php ny c xut, v d: New (1986) [3], Svinkin (1999) [5] v
Hanson v cc ng nghip (2006) cho nhiu loi cng ngh h cc v n mn khc nhau. Ni
chung, cc phng php ny l khng ph hp dng nh gi s rung ng do cc ngun rung
khc nhau nu nh khng tm hiu k v mc nng lng ti ngun rung.

Nhn thc v phn ng vi rung ng mt t con ngi rt khc nhau. N ph thuc vo nhy
cm c nhn, tn s, vn tc nh cht im (PPV), thi gian v nhiu yu t khc. C nhiu tiu
chun thit lp cc mc rung gii hn khng nh hng n con ngi nh BS 6472-1:2008
hoc QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT. Bng 1.1 gii thiu gi tr cho php mc gia tc rung theo Quy chun
Vit Nam.

Bng 1.1. Gi tr cho php mc gia tc rung i vi hot ng xy dng (QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT)

Thi gian p dng Mc gia tc

TT Khu vc
trong ngy rungcho php, dB

6 gi - 18 gi 75
1 Khu vcc bit
18 gi - 6 gi Mc nn

6 gi - 21gi 75
2 Khu vcthng thng
21 gi 6 gi Mc nn

Nhiu quc gia trn th gii ban hnh cc tiu chun nh gi nh hng ca rung ng ln
cc cng trnh ln cn. Cc tiu chun sau y hng dn ph hp nht cho vic nh gi kh nng
h hng cng trnh ln cn do cc hot ng thi cng xy dng.
- Tiu chun c: DIN 4150-3:1999 Dao ng kt cu, phn 3 - nh hng ca dao ng ln kt
cu;

- Tiu chun Anh quc: BS 7385-2:1993 nh gi v o c dao ng trn cng trnh, phn 2 -
Hng dn nh gi cc mc h hng do dao ng nn t;

- Tiu chun Thy in: VSS-SN640-321a:1992 - nh hng dao ng ln cng trnh xy dng.

Bng 1.2.nh ginh hng daong nnt lncng trnhtheo Tiuchun DIN 4150

Ngng vn tc dao ng lm h hng kt cu, PPV

(mm/s)

Ngun rung
Ngun rung ngn hn
di hn
Loi kt cu
mt trn mt trn
mng
sn sn

50 - 100 Tt c cc Tt c cc tn
0 - 10 Hz 10 - 50 Hz
Hz tn s s

Trung tm thng
20 - 40 40 - 50 40 10
mi/ cng nghip 20

Nh 5 5 - 15 15 - 20 15 5

Cng trnh lch s/

nhy cm vi dao 3 3-8 8 - 10 8 2.5
ng

Ch : Vn tc gii hn tng tuyn tnh vi tn s dao ng

2. THIT B V PHNG PHP XC NH BN KNH NH HNG DO RUNG CHN

H thng thit b o rung ng thng bao gm: Cc cm bin rung (transducers), h thng thu thp
tn hiu dao ng (dattalogger) v phn mm thu thp, x l tn hiu dao ng (software). Vic la
chn loi cm bin rt quan trng nh gi ng s dao ng. Thng thng cm bin o rung
chia thnh hai nhm: Cm bin vn tc (geophone) s dng rng ri trong o c dao ng kt cu
v cm bin gia tc (accelerometer). Yu cu v thit b theo TCVN 7378 nh sau: Khong tn s 1
Hz-100 Hz, khng tuyn tnh 10%; khong vn tc 0,01mm/s - 500mm/s.

ph v vic o rung chn nn t, tc gi thit k mt h thng o rung chn theo s

khi Hnh 2.1. Giao din ca chng trnh o rung c gii thiu trong Hnh2.2.

Hnh 2.1: S khi h thng thit b o rung ng nn t

 Hnh 2.2: Giao din chng trnh o rung chn nn t
Trnh t xc nh quan h gia bn knh R(m) - khong cch t ngun rung n im xem xt v vn
tc rung PPV (mm/s) tng ng vi mt loi ngun gy rung v iu kin a cht nn nh sau:

- Kho st, la chn v tr o c: m bo in hnh cho khu vc a cht nn, thun li cho b tr
cc cm bin (thng t 3 n 6 im) cch t ngun rung t 5 - 10m cho n im xa nht l im
d bo vn tc rung suy gim gn v khng theo phn tch d bo hoc kinh nghim;

- o c v b tr cc im o: Cm bin geophone mi im gm 2 loi theo phng bn knh (k

hiu Ri) v phng ng (k hiu Vi), cm bin gn trn cc thp ng cht vo nn trc ;

- Ni dy h thng cc cm bin vo datalogger v ni datalogger vo my tnh laptop c phn mm

kt ni thit b o, thu thp tn hiu o v hin thi kt qu o rung theo thi gian thc trn mn hnh.
D liu o rung c lu ra file text hoc excel x l sau;

- Vn hnh ngun gy rung ng nh cc thit b dng thi cng cho d n vi cc th ti (cch

vn hnh) khc nhau; mi th ti ghi li d liu rung, sau x l tm th ti bt li nht cho mi
loi ngun rung;

- Tng ng vi mi im o ta c c cp tr s Vi (mm/s)-Ri (m). T s liu cc im o (Vi,Ri) ta

xy dng ng cong quan h V-R tng ng cho mi loi ngun rung;

- Cn c tiu chun gii hn vn tc rung khng gy h hi n cng trnh xung quanh v ng

cong quan h thc nghim V-R, xc nh c bn knh nh hng n cng trnh do rung R eff .
Cng trnh nm cch xa ngun rung khong cch ln hn R eff xem nh khng b nh hng do rung chn.

Hnh 2.3: S b tr u o dao ng trn mt t ti hin trng do

rung p cc vn d n chng bi lng ct ti ca sng Ph Lc,
TP.Nng [2]
 Hnh 2.4: Quan h thc nghim gia vn tc dao ng ln nht khi ba rung hot ng d
n chng bi lng ct ti ca sng Ph Lc, TP.Nng [2]
3. KT QU NG DNG H THNG O C V PHN TCH MT S D N XY DNG

H thng t thit k c ng dng cho o rung chn v xc nh bn knh nh hng n cc

cng trnh xung quanh c tng hp Bng 3.1.

Bng 3.1. Tng hp kt qu o rung chn mt s d n do nhm nghin cu thc hin gn y

4. KT LUN

H thng thit b, phn mm o rung chn nn thit k gm cc cm bin

geophone+NI9205+phn mm vit trn Labview xy dng p ng c cc yu cu v thit b
v o c rung chn theo cc tiu chun DIN 4150, TCVN 7378.

Qua cc s liu thc nghim t cc d n, cho thy quy lut lan truyn sng rung chn do cc hot
ng thi cng xy dng ph thuc c tnh ngun gy rung. Phng thc vn hnh thit b (ngun
rung), iu kin a cht khu vc Cc c trng ng hc ca nn t l kh phc tp, do
xc nh bn knh nh hng R ca mt ngun rung tng ng vi iu kin nn t c th cn
eff

phi thc nghim o c rung chn mi xc nh c quy lut suy gim vn tc rung theo khong
cch n ngun rung tin cy hn.

Cc s liu thc nghim ti cc d n c th tham kho nh gi s b bn knh nh hng

khi ngun rung v iu kin a cht l tng t vi d n thc nghim.

Mt phng php d bo quy lut lan truyn rung chn nn t do hot ng thi cng xy dng c
tin cy ph hp l kh kh khn v cn tip tc c nghin cu.

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. TCVN 7378 2004, Rung ng v chn ng - Rung ng i vi cng trnh Mc rung - gii hn
v phng php nh gi.

[2]. Trung tm KHCN & T vn u t - Trng i hc Bch khoa - i hc Nng, Cc bo co

o rung chn cc d n xy dng t nm 2014 - 2016.

[3]. New Zealand Transport Agency research report 485, Ground vibration from road
construction, May 2012.

[4]. BS 7385-2:1993, Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings - part 2: Guide to
damage levels from ground-borne vibration, British Standards Institution.

[5] Svinkin, MR (1999), Prediction and calculation of construction vibrations,Proceedings 29th Annual
Members Conference Deep Foundations Institute, Dearborn MI: 1-22, Accessed 30 April
2008,www.vulcanhammer.net/svinkin/prediction.php.

[6] Wiss, JF (1981), Construction vibrations: state-of-the-art, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering
Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers 107, no. GT2.