MV network design & devices selection

EXERCISE BOOK
EXERCISES

01 - MV substation architectures
02 - MV substation architectures
03 - Industrial C13-200 MV substation
04 - Max. distance between surge arrester and MV equipment
05 - Calculation of MV cable cross-section
06 - Calculation of Isc
07 - CTs for MV metering
08 - CTs for MV protection
09 - Earth-fault relay settings
10 - Capacitors

MV network design & devices selection - Aug 2008 2

Exercise 1: MV substation architectures

Define:
1. Type of LV or MV metering
2. Architecture and choice of cubicles
3. Type and rating of fuse that protects the transformer

Consumer substation on energy supplier loop: 20kV

1 800kVA transformer with 20kV/400V secondary
Short-circuit power 250 MVA

MV network design & devices selection - Aug 2008 3

Exercise 2: MV substation architectures

Define:
1. Type of LV or MV metering
2. Architecture and choice of cubicles

Consumer substation on energy supplier loop: 15kV

2500kVA transformer with 400V secondary, 3-phase
Short-circuit power 350 MVA

MV network design & devices selection - Aug 2008 4

Exercise 3: C13-200 MV substation

Use the data below to define:

1. the flow diagram of the MV part of the installation
2. the subtransmission substation diagram, indicating:
types of cubicles
fuse ratings

An industrial MV consumer is supplied directly with 20kV (24KV, 125kV impulse; Isc = 12.5kA)
The power distribution system is a loop. In case of interruption, a radial feeder powers the entire
installation (the system must automatically switch back to the loop if power is restored to the loop)
The plant includes
1 B1 2000kVA non-priority loop supplying different substations
1 T1 250kVA non-priority transformer
1 B2 2000kVA priority loop
1 T2 800kVA priority transformer
The plant also has a 380V/20kV diesel genset to back up priority loads.

MV network design & devices selection - Aug 2008 5

Exercise 4:
Max. distance between surge arrester and MV
equipment
(optional, for information purposes)

Max. distance between transformer MV terminals and surge

arrester?

20KV transformer protected by MV surge arrester

Residual voltage of surge arrester 75KV

D in m

MV network design & devices selection - Aug 2008 6

Exercise 5:
Calculation of MV cable cross-section

1 Us rated operating voltage 15 kV

2 Type of insulating material PR
3 Type of conductor ALU
4 Type of cable (single or 3-wire) 3
5 Ir rated operating current 210 A
6 Operating state (discontinuous or DISC
continuous)
7 Installation method column 1or2 K1 Buried
8 Ambiant temperature on ground K2 25C
9 Type of ground K3 Damp
10 Proximity K4 Alone
11 Isc upstream 18 kA
12 Tripping time 0.4
MV network design & devices selection - Aug 2008 7
 Exercise 5

Verification

Formula to be used to verify the thermal withstand of cables in case of short-circuit

Isc
S = t
k

Isc = in Amperes
t = in seconds
k = factor for type of cable
S = cross-section in mm2

MV network design & devices selection - Aug 2008 8

Exercise 6: Calculation of Isc
Calculation of short-circuit currents in a MV network
Questions
1. Determine the breaking capacity of circuit breakers CB1 to CB7
2. Determine the minimum cross-section of cables linking substations A-B and A-C, given that only
one transformer is supplied in each substation
3. Determine the breaking capacity and making capacity of circuit breakers CB8 to CB11

Data
Power supply: 63kV
Short-circuit power: 2000MVA
Network impedance 63kV (can be calculated directly for 10kV)
Network configuration:
The network includes 2 transformers and 1 AC generator in parallel
Each of the satellite substations includes 2 transformers, but a single transformer is sufficient to
power the loads
We find the Isc from the network upstream with the 2 transformers in parallel and add the Isc
from the AC generator
The (PR)ALU cables are buried directly in dry calcareous ground at 20C, with nothing nearby
For substation B, provision should be made for 2 cables in parallel
Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 9
 Upstream network 63kV calculation of Isc
Short-circuit power 2000 MVA

T1 T2 G1
15 MVA
15 MVA
Usc =10%
20 MVA
Usc =10%
G Usc Sub =15%
Usc Trans= 20%

CB1 D2 CB3
10KV busbar
10KV busbar 10KV busbar

CB4
Substation A
CB5 CB6 CB7
T4 T5 In each substation
1 single transformer
in operation
0.5
0.5 km
km
15 MVA 15 MVA Substation
Substation C
C
Usc=10% Usc=10%

11 km
km
CB18 CB19 Substation
Substation B
B CB10 CB11
T8 T9
5 MVA 5 MVA
3KV Usc=8% Usc=8%
CB8 CB9
T6 T7 CB16 CB17
10 MVA 10 MVA
Usc=8% Usc=8%
3KV
CB12 CB13

3KV
Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 10
 Location or observation point R X Z Isc BC MC = BC*2.5
Upstream network, downstream view
15 MVA TR
20 MVA TR
2 TRs and 15 MVA genset in parallel
TRs in series with network
15 MVA genset in subtransient
15 MVA genset in transient
Values at busbar in transient
Values at busbar in subtransient
Cable of substation B
Busbar input, substation B, transient
Busbar input, substation B, subtrans.
Upstream, downstream view,
substation B, subtransient
10 MVA TR substation B
Series upstream network + TR10 sub.
Series upstream network + TR10 trans.

Reminders:
Resistivity of copper: = 22.510-3 . mm2 /m
Resistivity of aluminium: = 3610-3 .
mm2 /m
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Calculation of short-circuit currents

Upstream network impedances:

Impedance viewed downstream of transformers: 10 KV
Short-circuit power = 2000 MVA
Application of relative impedance formula:

15 MVA transformer impedance 15 MVA

20MVA transformer impedance

20 MVA

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 15 MVA genset impedance
G
1 - Transient (Usc = 20%) 15 MVA

2 - Subtransient (Usc = 15%)

Upstream network 63KV

Impedance of 2 transformers in parallel Short-circuit power
2000 MVA

T1 T2
Impedance of 2 transfos in // + network in series

CB1 CB2

Substation A

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 Upstream network 63KV
Short-circuit power 2000 MVA

T1 T2 G1
15 MVA
15 MVA 20 MVA G Usc Sub =15%
Usc =10% Usc =10% Usc Trans= 20%

CB1 CB2 D3

10KV busbar 10KV busbar 10KV busbar

Substation A
CB4 CB5 CB6 CB7

Impedance of 2 transfos // + network + genset

1 - transient (Usc = 20%)

2 - subtransient (Usc = 15%)

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 Calculation of Isc, breaking capacity and making capacity

Breaking capacity of circuit breakers CB4 to CB7 (transient)

Making capacity of CB4 to CB7 as asymmetrical peak k (2.5) and subtransient

Breaking capacity of CB3 (genset circuit breaker)

Making capacity of CB3 as peak k (genset circuit breaker)

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 Breaking capacity of CB1 (15 MVA transformer)
(Ik3 to be considered = Ik3 20 MVA transf. + Ik3 genset transf.)
Impedance of upstream network + 20 MVA transformer

Parallel connection network + transformer and genset in transient

Making capacity of CB1 (15 MVA transfomer)

Parallel connection network + transformer and genset in subtransient

Making capacity of CB1 as peak k (15 MVA transformer circuit breaker)

Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 16

 Upstream network 63KV
Short-circuit power 2000 MVA

Example for comparison

T1 T2 G1
15 MVA
15 MVA 20 MVA G Usc Sub =15%
Usc =10% Usc =10%
Usc Trans= 20%
CB1 CB2 CB3
10KV busbar 10KV busbar 10KV busbar
Substation A
CB4 CB5 CB6 CB7

Breaking capacity of CB2 (20 MVA transformer)

Impedance of network + 15 MVA transformer T1

Parallel connection network + transformer and genset in transient

Making capacity of CB2 (20 MVA transformer)

Parallel connection network + transformer and genset in subtransient
Making capacity of CB2 as peak k (20 MVA transformer circuit breaker)

Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 17

Simplified version of calculations for substation A

Direct calculation of impedance Z and cumulative total of resulting Ik3

Upstream network 63KV

Impedance of upstream network Short-circuit power 2000 MVA

Impedance of 15 and 20 MVA transformer in //

T1 T2

Impedance of network + 2 TR in //

CB1 CB2
Ik3 of network + TR in //
Substation A
Impedance of network + T1

Impedance of network + T2

Ik3 supplied by (network + T1)

Ik3 supplied by (network + T2)

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 GE current

Isc GE transient

Isc GE subtransient

Breaking capacity of CB1 (15 MVA transformer circuit breaker):

Breaking capacity of CB2 (20 MVA transformer circuit breaker):

Making capacity of CB1 (15 MVA transformer circuit breaker):

Making capacity of CB2 (20 MVA transformer circuit breaker):

Breaking capacity CB4 to CB7 (global Ik3): (network + 2 TR + GE)

Making capacity CB4 to CB7: (network + 2 TR + GE)

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 Choice of cables for substations B and C (detailed method)
Single-pole AI PR cables, buried directly in dry, calcareous ground, Substation A 10KV busbar
temperature 20C, continuous operation,
CB6

Substation B: 1 km
Substation B
Operational current Ir:

2 cables in // imposed CB9

CB8
Installation mode factor = T6 T7
Temperature factor = 10 MVA
10 MVA
Proximity factor = Usc=8% Usc=8%
Ground factor = CB12 CB13

Chosen theoretical currents: 3KV

Substation C: Substation A 10KV busbar

Operational current Ir: CB7

0,5 km
Installation mode factor = Substation C
Temperature factor =
Proximity factor =
Ground factor = CB10 CB11
T8 T9
5 MVA
Chosen theoretical currents: 5 MVA
Usc=8% Usc=8%

CB16 CB17
cables to substation C: per phase
3KV

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 Verification of short-circuit current withstand of cables

Upstream protection circuit breaker tripping time: 0.4 sec.

Permissible temperature rise in cables: 160(+90=250 )

Calculation of short-circuit currents in substations B and C

Impedance of the 2 cables of substation B

Impedance of the cable of substation C

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 Short-circuit currents with 10 kV in substation B

Calculation of impedance in substation B, transient.

Substation A 10KV busbar

CB6

short-circuit current and breaking capacity CB8 and CB9:

1 km
Substation B

CB8 CB9
Calculation of impedance in substation B, subtransient. T6 T7

10 MVA 10 MVA
Usc=8% Usc=8%
CB12 CB13

3KV

short-circuit current and making capacity CB8 and CB9:

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 Short-circuit currents with 10 kV in substation C

Substation A 10KV busbar

Calculation of impedance in substation C, transient, 185 mm2 cable

CB7

0.5 km
Substation C

short-circuit current and breaking capacity CB10 and CB11:

CB10 CB11
T8 T9
5 MVA 5 MVA
Usc=8% Usc=8%
Calculation of impedance in substation C, subtransient. CB16 CB17

3KV

short-circuit current and making capacity CB10 and CB11:

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 Calculation of short-circuit currents with 3 kV in substation B
Reminder of values with 10 kV in substation B: Substation A 10KV busbar

- Transient
CB6

- Subtransient:

1 km
Application of relative impedance formula: Substation B

U 2 (secondary)
R (downstream) = R (upstream)
U 2 (primary) CB8 CB9
T6 T7

1) Impedance, Ik3 and breaking capacity in transient 10 MVA 10 MVA

Usc=8% Usc=8%
CB12 CB13
Impedance of transformer

3KV
Isc and breaking capacity of CB12 and CB13

2) Impedance,Ik3 and making capcity in subtransient

Isc and making capacity of CB12 and CB13

Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 24

Calculation of short-circuit currents with 3 kV in substation C
Reminder of values with 10 kV in substation C:
10KV busbar
- Transient
CB7

- Subtransient:
0.5 km
Substation
C
Application of relative impedance formula:
CB10 CB11
U2 (secondary) T8 T9
R (downstream) = R (upstream) 5 MVA
5 MVA
U2 (primary) Usc=8%
Usc=8%
1) Impedance, Ik3 and breaking capacity in transient CB16 CB17

3KV
Impedance of transformer

Isc and breaking capacity of CB16 and CB17

2) Impedance, Isc and making capacity in subtransient

Isc and making capacity of CB16 and CB17

Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 25

 Exercise 7: CTs for MV metering

Determine the characteristics of the CT to be used according to the following

data:

U= 5.5 KV
Predicted active power P = 760 KW
p.f. = 0.93
Isc 8.5 KA
Power consumed by meter 2.5 VA
Meter input 5A
CT line < > meter = 20m (total 2 ways) in 6mm

Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 26

Exercise 8: CTs for MV protection

Definition of CTs?

U= 6 KV
Large motor feeder 2500 KW p.f. 0.9 efficiency 0.94
Starting current 6 x In
Isc 8.5 KA
Power consumed by protection relay 1.8 VA
Relay input 5A
Line 42m (total 2 ways) in 6mm

Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 27

Exercise 9: Earth-fault relay settings
1. Position the earth fault protection devices in the diagram so as to have discrimination.

2. Calculate the capacitive currents generated when faults occur.

3. The protection setting range starts at 2 A.

3.1. To what should IL be limited by the earth fault resistance in order to protect 90% of the star winding of the
motor or motors?

3.2. is the value compatible with: 2.Ic<IL ?

3.3. what is the continuous permissible current for the earth fault resistance (zero-sequence generator) ?

3.4. if the protection of motor 9.2 does not work:

- what back-up protection is there?
- what is its pick-up setting?
- what happens with the earth fault resistance? (zero-sequence generator)

3.5. what are the settings for the zero-sequence generator?

4. Length of the double 9.2 power supply cable

- can 90% of the motor winding still be protected?
- what solutions do you propose?
- case of delta motor?

Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 28

Capacitive current of connections upon network earth fault

Conn. Cable Nb. of cables Length Linear capacity Ic

in // per phase km F/km A
1 1*240 2 0.1 0,5
2 1*240 1 0.1 0.5
3 3*70 1 0.05 0.3
4 3*70 1 0.05 0.3
Ic = 3 V C n L
5 3*70 1 0.2 0.3
6 3*95 1 0.2 0.35
7 3*95 1 0.2 0.35
8 1*150 1 0.15 0.41
9.1 3*95 1 0.2 0.35
9.2 3*95 1 1 0.35
9 3*95 2 0.5 0.35

TOTAL
Operating voltage U=5.5 kV
L = length of trunking in km
n = number of cables in // per phase
V = ph-to-neutral voltage in V
C = linear capacity of cable in F/km
= pulsation in rad/s
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Earth-fault relay settings
G

Gh

1 X X X X
2 RGh
3

4 5 X X X 8
6 7 X 9

X X 9.2
9.1

M M M M M

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Exercise 10: Capacitors
A transfomer with power = 630 kVA (410 V) supplies a load with active power
P1 = 250 kW with an average p.f. of 0.75.

There is a plan to double the installation and this will call for additional active power P2: 250 kW with
p.f. = 0.75.

QUESTIONS:

1) Without power factor correction, determine the apparent power at the transformer terminals.
What do you notice?

2) Calculate the maximum reactive power that the 630 kVA transformer can supply for this project.

3) Calculate the total active power to be supplied to the load before power factor correction.

4) Determine the minimum power of the capacitor bank to be installed.

5) What is the p.f. value (transformer load 100%)

6) A decision is made to raise the p.f. to 0.92. What is the minimum power of the capacitor bank to be installed?

7) Determine the rating of the circuit breaker to be installed.

Schneider Electric - Division - Name Date 31