DATA

1 State
2 Type of Road
3 Carriageway
4 Design period
5 Lane width
6 Transverse joint spacing
7 Effective CBR of compacted sub-grade
8 Design Traffic in CVPD in each direction
9 Axle distribution
a Front single axle
b Rear Single Axle
c Rear tandem axle
d Rear tridem axle
10 Percentage of commercial vehicles with spacing between the front
axle & the first rear axle less than 4.5m
11 Traveling time distribution
6 AM to 6PM
6PM to 6AM
12 Average number of axles per commercial vehicle
13 Maximum Day time temperature differential in slab ( for bottom up cracking)
14 Maximum Night time temperature differential in slab ( for Top down
cracking) ( Day time diff/2+5)

Single Axle Tandem Axle

Frequency (
% of single Frequency ( % of
Axle Load Class kN axles Axle Load Class kN Tandem axles
185 195 18.15 380 400 14.5
175 185 17.43 360 380 10.5
165 175 18.27 340 360 3.63
155 165 12.98 320 340 2.5
145 155 2.98 300 320 2.69
135 145 1.62 280 300 1.26
125 135 2.62 260 280 3.9
115 125 2.65 240 260 5.19
105 115 2.65 220 240 6.3
95 105 3.25 200 220 6.4
85 95 3.25 180 200 8.9
< 85 14.15 < 180 34.23
100 100

CASE-1 Concrete pavement with Tied Concrete Shoulder with Doweled joints
CASE-2 Concrete pavement without Tied Concrete Shoulder and without Doweled joints
CASE-3 Concrete pavement with widened outer lane
CASE-4 Concrete poavement bonded to Dry Lean Layer
 Interface can be bonded or
unbonded PQC
DLC/Cement treated Aggregate sub-base
Drainage Layer as per design
Separation layer ( Grade I/II/V/VI of 401.2.2)
Sub-grade

CASE-1
STEP-1 Selection of Modulus of subgrade reaction
i Effective CBR of compacted subgrade
ii Modulus of sub-garde reaction
iii Provide
Granular sub-base
DLC Sub-base
iv
Effective modulus of sub-grade reaction of combined foundation of sub-
grade+ Granular sub-base and DLC sub-base
v Provide a debonding layer of polythene sheet of 125 micron between DLC & PQC

Selection of Flexural strength of concrete

i 28 days compressive strength of cement concrete
ii 90 days compressive strength of cement concrete
iii 28 days flexural strength of cement concrete
iv 90 days flexural strength of cement concrete

STEP-2 Concrete properties

i Elastic modulus of concrete E
ii Poisson's ratio of concrete
iii Ubit weight of concrete
iv Design Flexural strength of concrete

STEP-3 Selection of Design Traffic for Fatigue Analysis

i Design period
ii Annual rate of growth of commercial traffic
iii Two way commercial volume per day
iv % traffic in predominant direction
v Total two way commercial vehicles during design period
vi Average number of axles per commrecial vehicles
vii Total two way commercial vehicles during design period
viii Number of axles in predominant direction
ix Design Traffic after adjusting for lateral placement of axles ( 25% of predomonant
direction of traffic for multi-lane highways)

x Night time design axle repetitions ( 12 hour)

x Day time design axle repetitions ( 12 Hour)
xi Day time six hour axle load repetitions
 xii Hence Design number of axle load repetions for bottom up cracking analysis

xiii Night time Six hour axle load repetions

xiv % of commercial vehilcles having the spacing between the front axle and the first
axle of the rear axle unit less than 4.5m

xv Six hour night time design axle repetitions for Top down cracking analysis ( for
wheel base < 4.5m)

xvi Axle load categorywise design axle load repetions for top down and bottom up

Categorywise Categorywise
Propotion of Axle repetions Axle repetions
Axle axle for bottom up for Top down
Category category cracking analysis cracking analysis
Front Single 45% 6758607 5575851
Rear Single 15% 2252869 1858617
Tandem 25% 3754782 3097695
Tridem 15% 2252869 1858617

STEP 4 Pavement Option-1 ( Concrete pavement with Tied Concrete Shoulder with Doweled joints)
i Trial Thickness h
ii Radius of relative thickness I
iii ( Beta) Factor in the stress equations will be 0.66 for doweled transverse joints for carryin
STEP 5
Cumulative Fatigue Damage analysis for Bottom up Cracking
( Mid point of the axle load class is adopted for stress calculations)
Bottom up clacking Fatigue analysis for Day time ( 6 hour) traffic and positive Temperatur
Rear Single axles Rear Tandem

Mid-point
of Axle Expected Flexural Stress Ratio Allowable Fatigue Damage ( Expected
load in kN repetitions Stress Mpa ( SR) repetions ni ni/Ni) repetitions
190 408896 2.5 0.505 603336 0.6777251813 544443
180 392675 2.4 0.485 1732461 0.2266573389 394252
170 411599 2.3 0.465 8304419 0.0495638527 136299
160 292422 2.26 0.457 20909773 0.0139849438 93870
150 67135 2 0.404 infinite 101004
140 36496 1.85 0.374 infinite 47310
130 59025 1.75 0.354 infinite 146436
120 59701 1.7 0.343 infinite 194873
110 59701 1.6 0.323 infinite 236551
100 73218 1.5 0.303 infinite 240306
90 73218 1.4 0.283 infinite 334176
<90 318781 1.3 0.263 infinite 1285262
2252867 0.9679313167 3754782
 Cumulative Fatigue Damage analysis for Top down Cracking
( Mid point of the axle load class is adopted for stress calculations)
Top Down clacking Fatigue analysis for Night time ( 6 hour) traffic and negative Temperatu
Rear Single axles Rear Tandem

Mid-point Allowable
of Axle Expected Flexural Stress Ratio repetions Fatigue Damage ( Expected
load in kN repetitions Stress Mpa ( SR) ( ni ) ni/Ni) repetitions
190 337339 2.4 0.485 1732461 0.1947166487 449166
180 323957 2.3 0.465 8304419 0.0390101945 325258
170 339569 2.2 0.444 infinite 112446
160 241248 2.1 0.424 infinite 77442
150 55387 2 0.404 infinite 83328
140 30110 1.9 0.384 infinite 39031
130 48696 1.8 0.364 infinite 120810
120 49253 1.7 0.343 infinite 160770
110 49253 1.6 0.323 infinite 195155
100 60405 1.5 0.303 infinite 198252
90 1.4 0.283 infinite 275695
<90 1.3 0.263 infinite 1060341
0.2337268432 3097694

190 0.7
Bihar
NH
Four lane divided
30 years
3.5 m
4.5 m
8%
30000

45%
15%
25%
15%
55%

40%
60%
2.35
16.8 0C
13.4 0C

Tridem Axle
Frequency ( %
of Tridem
Axle Load Class kN axles
530 560 5.23
500 530 4.85
470 500 3.44
440 470 7.12
410 440 10.11
380 410 12.01
350 380 15.57
320 350 13.28
290 320 4.55
260 290 3.16
230 260 3.1
< 230 17.58
100
 = 8%
= 50.3 Mpa/m from Table 2

= 150 mm
= 150 mm 7 days compressive strength of 7 Mpa

= 285 MPa/m From table 4

between DLC & PQC

> 40 Mpa
> 48 MPa
= 4.5 MPa
= 4.95 MPa

= 30000 Mpa
= 0.15
= 24 kN/m3
= 4.95 MPa

= 30 years
= 0.075
= 6000
= 50%
= 255644692 CV
= 2.35
= 600765026
= 300382513
5% of predomonant
= 75095628

= 45057377
= 30038251
= 15019126
racking analysis
= 15019126

= 22528689
ont axle and the first
= 55%

king analysis ( for

= 12390779

wn and bottom up

h Doweled joints)
= 0.28 m
= 0.666213 m
led transverse joints for carrying out TDC analysis

raffic and positive Temperature Differential

Rear Tandem Axles

Flexural Fatigue
Stress Stress Allowable Damage
Mpa Ratio ( SR) repetions ni ( ni/Ni)
2.1 0.424 infinite 0
2 0.404 infinite 0
1.9 0.384 infinite 0
1.8 0.364 infinite 0
1.7 0.343 infinite
1.6 0.323 infinite
1.5 0.303 infinite
1.4 0.283 infinite
1.3 0.263 infinite
1.2 0.242 infinite
1.1 0.222 infinite
1 0.202 infinite
0
traffic and negative Temperature Differential
Rear Tandem Axles Rear Tridem Axles
Fatigue
Flexural Stress Allowable Fatigue Flexural Stress Allowable Damage
Stress Ratio repetions ( Damage Expected Stress Ratio repetions
Mpa ( SR) ni ) ( ni/Ni) repetitions Mpa ( SR) (ni) ( ni/Ni)
2.3 0.465 1732461 0.25926 117825 2.35 0.475 1732461 0.06801
2.2 0.444 8304419 0.03917 109264 2.25 0.455 8304419 0.013157
2.1 0.424 77499 2.15 0.434
2 0.404 160404 2.05 0.414
1.9 0.384 227765 1.95 0.394
1.8 0.364 270570 1.85 0.374
1.7 0.343 350772 1.75 0.354
1.6 0.323 299181 1.65 0.333
1.5 0.303 102506 1.55 0.313
1.4 0.283 71191 1.45 0.293
1.3 0.263 69839 1.35 0.273
1.2 0.242 396054 1.25 0.253
0.29843 2252870 0.081168
 DESIGN OF DRAINAGE LAYER
1 Type of Road Four lane divided carriageway
2 annual rainfall 1500 mm/year
3 width of carriageway 7m
4 paved shoulder 1.5 m
5 unpaved 1m
6 transverse joint spacing 4.5 m
7 longitudinal gradient 3%
8 camber 2.50%
9 embankment side slope 2:01
10 PQC 300 mm
11 DLC 150 mm
12 Thickness of drainage layer 150 mm
13 Drainage layer will be provided below DLC layer for full width of embankment
DESIGN
1 Combined thickness of DLC+PQC = 450 mm
2 Depth at which drainage layer is available 450 mm
3 Width of the drainage layer 10.4 m

Longitudinal Slope 3%
A C

Direction of flow of water

Camber 2.50%

B D

AB = 10.4 m
AC = 12.48 m
AD = 16.25 m
Drop of elevation along AC = 0.3744 m
Drop of elevation along CD = 0.26 m
Drop of elevation along AD = 0.6344 m
Gradient along AD = 0.03904

Crack infiltration rate = 0.223 m3/day/m

Number of longitudinal joint = 3
Width of pavement subjected to infiltration = 9.5 m
length of transverse cracks or joints = 8.5 m
Spacing of transverse joint = 4.5 m
rate filtration through uncracked pavement = 0
rate of infiltration of water into pavement = 0.115 m3/day/m
Amount of infiltrated water per metre width flowing along the
path AD of the drainage layer = 1.86875 m3/day/m
Q= KIA m3/day/m
KA = 47.87 m3/day
With drainage layer of 0.15m A = 0.15 sqm
Required coefficient of permeability = 319 m/day