Single Axle Tandem Axle Tridem Axle

Axle Load Class Frequency (% of Axle Load Class Frequency (% of Axle Load Class
(kN) Single Axles (kN) Single Axles (kN)
185 - 195 18.15 380 - 400 14.5 530 - 560
175 - 185 17.43 360 - 380 10.5 500 - 530
165 - 175 18.27 340 - 360 3.63 470 - 500
155 - 165 12.98 320 - 340 2.5 440 - 470
145 - 155 2.98 300 - 320 2.69 410 - 440
135 - 145 1.62 280 - 300 1.26 380 - 410
125 - 135 2.62 260 - 280 3.9 350 - 380
115 - 125 2.65 240 -260 5.19 320 - 350
105 - 115 2.65 220 - 240 6.3 290 - 320
95 - 105 3.25 200 -220 6.4 260 -290
85 - 95 3.25 180 - 200 8.9 230 - 260
< 85 14.15 < 180 34.23 < 230
100 100
Tridem Axle
Frequency (% of
Single Axles
5.23
4.85
3.44
7.12
10.11
12.01
15.57
13.28
4.55
3.16
3.1
17.58
100
 Design of Thickness of PQC

Compressive Strength of Concrete (fck), Mpa 35

Flextural strength of Concrete (Fcr), Mpa 4.62
Elastic Modulus of Concrete, MPa 29580.40
Poisson's ratio 0.15
Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete, / 0C 0.00001
Effective CBR of Compacted Subgrade, % 8
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, Mpa/m (IRC
58, Table 2, By Interpolattion) 50.33
Thicknes of Granular Sub-base, mm 150
Thicknes of DLC Sub-base, mm 150
Effective modulus of subgrade reaction of combined foundation of
subgrade + Granular subbase and DLC subbase, MN/m3
(IRC 58, Table 4, By Interpolation)
284.66
Design Life, Years 30
Growth rate of traffic 0.075
Commercial Vehicles Per Day (CPVD) In One Direction 3000
Two Way CVPD 6000
% Traffic in predominant direction 0.5
CVPD during Design Period 255644691.52
Average Number of Axles per commercial vehicle 2.35
Total two-way axle load repetitions during the design period 600765025.07
Number of axles in Predominant Direction 300382512.53
% Predominant direction traffic for Multi-Lane Highways 0.25
Design Traffic after adjusting for Lateral Placement of Axles 75095628.133
% of CV travel during Day hours 0.4
% of CV travel during Night hours 0.6
Day time (12 Hours) design axle repetition 30038251.253
Night time (12 Hours) design axle repetition 45057376.88
Day time 6 hour axle load repetition 15019125.627
Design Number of Axle Load Repetition for Botton up Cracking
Analysis 15019126
Night Time 6 hour axle load repetition 22528688
% of Commercial vehicles having spacing between front(steering)
and first rear axle less than 4.5 m 0.55
Night Time 6 hour axle load repetition Top-down Cracking
Analysis (Wheel base < 4.5 m) 12390778

The Axle Load Category wise design Axle Load repetition for Bottom-up and Top-down Ftigue
Cracking Analysis is given in table below:

Category wise Axle

Proportion of Category wise Axle Repetitons
Axle Category Repetitons for Top-down
Axle Category for Bottom-up Cracking Analysis
Cracking Analysis
 Category wise Axle
Proportion of Category wise Axle Repetitons
Axle Category Repetitons for Top-down
Axle Category for Bottom-up Cracking Analysis
Cracking Analysis

Front(steering) 6758607 5575851

Single 45%
Rear Single 15% 2252869 1858617
Tandem 25% 3754782 3097695
Tridem 15% 2252869 1858617

Cumulative Fatigue Damage Analysis for BUC & TDC

Max Day Time Temperature Differential, °C 16.8

Night Time Temperature Differential, °C 13.4
Unit Weight of Concrete, kN/m3 24
ßeta Factor 0.66

For Bottom Up Cracking refer Stress Graphs in IRC 58

Bottom-up Cracking Fatigue Analysis for-day time 6 hour traffic and Positi
Rare Single Axles
Axle Load (kN) Expected Allowable Fatigue
Flexural Stress Stress Ratio
Repetition Repetition Damage
190 408896 2.503 0.55 124527 3.284
180 392676 2.422 0.53 229128 1.714
170 411600 2.341 0.51 485184 0.849
160 292423 2.26 0.49 1286915 0.228
150 67136 2.179 0.48 2402755 0.028
140 36497 2.099 0.46 14335236 0.003
130 59026 2.018 0.44 Unlimited 0
120 59702 1.937 0.42 Unlimited 0
110 59702 1.856 0.41 Unlimited 0
100 73219 1.775 0.39 Unlimited 0
90 73219 1.695 0.37 Unlimited 0
< 85 318781 1.614 0.35 Unlimited 0
2252877 6.106

CFD for BUC Case = 6.144

For Top-down Cracking refer Appendix V, IRC 58

Top-down Cracking Fatigue Anal
Rare Tandem Axles
Expected Allowable Fatigue
Axle Load (kN) Flexural Stress Stress Ratio
Repetition Repetition Damage
190 337339 2.42 0.52 326334 1.034
180 323957 2.36 0.52 326334 0.993
170 339570 2.31 0.5 762043 0.446
160 241249 2.25 0.49 1286915 0.188
150 55387 2.19 0.48 2402755 0.024
 140 30110 2.14 0.47 5202474 0.006
130 48696 2.08 0.46 14335236 0.004
120 49254 2.03 0.44 Unlimited 0
110 49254 1.97 0.43 Unlimited 0
100 60406 1.91 0.42 Unlimited 0
90 60406 1.86 0.41 Unlimited 0
80 262995 1.8 0.39 Unlimited 0
1858623 2.695

CFD for TDC Case = 7.283

Total CFD = 13.427 Unsafe

Trial Thickness of PQC, m 0.28
Spacing of Contraction Joints, m 4
Width of slab, m 3.5
No of lanes in both directions 4
Type of carriageway Divided
Radius of relative stiffness (I), m 0.66
Growth Factor 103.40
Lane Distribution Factor 0.75
Directional Distribution Factor 0.54
y time 6 hour traffic and Positive temperature differential
Rare Tandem Axles
Axle Load (kN) Expected Flexural Allowable Fatigue
Stress Ratio
Repetition Stress Repetition Damage
390 544444 2.118 0.46 14335236 0.038
370 394253 2.045 0.45 Unlimited 0
350 136299 1.972 0.43 Unlimited 0
330 93870 1.899 0.42 Unlimited 0
310 101004 1.826 0.4 Unlimited 0
290 47311 1.754 0.38 Unlimited 0
270 146437 1.681 0.37 Unlimited 0
250 194874 1.608 0.35 Unlimited 0
230 236552 1.535 0.34 Unlimited 0
210 240307 1.462 0.32 Unlimited 0
190 334176 1.39 0.31 Unlimited 0
< 180 1285262 1.317 0.29 Unlimited 0
3754789 0.038

p-down Cracking Fatigue Analysis for-day time 6 hour traffic and Negative temperature differential
Rare Tandem Axles Rar
Expected Flexural Allowable Fatigue
Axle Load (kN) Stress Ratio Axle Load (kN)
Repetition Stress Repetition Damage
195 449166 2.45 0.54 166534 2.698 179.85
185 325258 2.39 0.52 326334 0.997 169.95
175 112447 2.34 0.51 485184 0.232 160.05
165 77443 2.28 0.5 762043 0.102 136.5
155 83328 2.22 0.49 1286915 0.065 127.5
145 39031 2.17 0.47 5202474 0.008 118.5
135 120811 2.11 0.46 14335236 0.009 120.45
125 160771 2.05 0.45 Unlimited 0 110.55
115 195155 2 0.44 Unlimited 0 100.65
105 198253 1.94 0.42 Unlimited 0 90.75
95 275695 1.89 0.41 Unlimited 0 80.85
85 1060341 1.83 0.4 Unlimited 0 70.95
3097699 4.111
 Rare Tridem Axles
Expected Flexural Allowable Fatigue
Stress Ratio
Repetition Stress Repetition Damage
97206 2.36 0.52 326334 0.298
90143 2.31 0.5 762043 0.119
63937 2.25 0.49 1286915 0.05
132334 2.12 0.46 14335236 0.01
187907 2.07 0.45 Unlimited 0
223220 2.02 0.44 Unlimited 0
289387 2.03 0.44 Unlimited 0
246825 1.97 0.43 Unlimited 0
84568 1.92 0.42 Unlimited 0
58733 1.86 0.41 Unlimited 0
57618 1.81 0.4 Unlimited 0
326745 1.75 0.38 Unlimited 0
1858623 0.477