Bai Giang Cau Thep

Bai giang cau thep nang cao
BAI GIANG MON HOC

CAU THEP
( PHAN GIAO TRNH NANG CAO )
TS. LE TH BCH THUY

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Tieu chuan ky thuat cong trnh giao thong ng bo Bo Giao
Thong Van Tai.
2. Nguyen Nh Khai Nguyen Minh Hung Cau thep (phan giao trnh
nang cao), ai hoc Xay Dng Ha Noi 1997.
3. Nguyen Nh Khai Nguyen Bnh Ha- Cau thep be tong cot thep
lien hp NXB Xay Dng - 2005.
4. Qui trnh ky thuat thiet ke ket cau nhp cau thep lien hp vi
ban BTCT NXB Giao Thong Van Tai.
5. Thiet ke , thi cong cau ng theo tieu chuan tien tien PGS.TS
Vu Manh Lang dch.
6. Thiet ke cau thep ( tieng Nga) Moxcva Transport.
7. Narendra Taly Design of mordern highway Bridges.
8. Steel box girder bridges International conference 1973
9. B.E. Ulixkii- Tnh toan khong gian ket cau nhp cau cong va xien
tren bnh o NXB Moxcva 1971
MUC LUC
PHAN I :CAU BTCT LIEN HP
CHNG I: Ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien hp trong xay dng cau
I. S xuat hien va phat trien cua ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien
hp
II. Phan loai ket cau lien hp thep BTCT. Cac hnh thc gay tao
va ieu chnh ng suat
III. Tnh kinh te cua ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien hp
CHNG II : Cau tao ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien hp
I. Tiet dien ngang ket cau nhp lien hp
II. Ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien hp thong thng (khong gay tao
hoac ieu chnh ng suat)
III. Ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien hp co gay tao hoac ieu chnh
ng suat
CHNG III: Tnh toan noi lc va bien dang do tai trong va DL
I. Cac giai oan lam viec va ac iem tnh toan khi gay tao va
ieu chnh ng suat
II. S cung tham gia lam viec cua ban BTCT va thep trong tiet dien
lien hp
III. Tnh anh hng t bien cua be tong va ep xt moi noi ban
lap ghep
CHNG IV: Tnh duyet tiet dien do tai trong va lc ng suat
trc
I. Cac tieu chuan trang thai gii han ve cng o va cac trng
hp tnh toan cua t/d
II. Cac cong thc kiem tra cng o tiet dien thep BTCT lien hp
theo cac trng hp tnh toan
III. Kiem tra ve moi cua tiet dien thep BTCT lien hp
IV. Kiem tra ve nt
PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 1

CHNG V: Tnh toan ket cau nhp lien hp do co ngot be tong

va nhiet o thay oi
I. Anh hng co ngot cua be tong
II. Anh hng cua nhiet o thay oi
III. Xac nh noi lc va ng suat do co ngot cua be tong va nhiet
o thay oi
IV. Kiem tra cng o va chong nt cua tiet dien co ke en co
ngot cua be tong va nhiet o thay oi
PHAN II :CAU DAM THEP TIET DIEN HOP
CHNG I : Gii thieu cau dam thep tiet dien hop
I. Khai niem
II. ac iem tiet dien va kch thc c ban cau dam hop
III. Gii thieu mot so cau dam hop a c xay dng
CHNG II: Tnh toan ket cau cau dam tiet dien hop
I. Khai niem
II. Tnh dam tiet dien hop chu uon trong mat phang chnh
III. Tnh dam tiet dien hop chu xoan
IV. Cac v du
CHNG I:
KET CAU NHP THEP BTCT
LIEN HP TRONG XAY DNG CAU
I. AC IEM CHUNG CUA CAU THEP
Tnh chu lc cao vi cac loai ng suat :keo, nen, uon, cat
Co th dung e che tao tat ca cac dang cau khac nhau: dam,
dan, vom, treo va cac he lien hp.
Thep co trong lng rieng ln, o ben cao - trong lng ban than
nhe - xay dng c nhng cau nhp rat ln.
Thep co cng o cao va mo un an hoi ln - o cng ln,
am bao on nh di tac dung cua tai trong gio va cac loai
tai trong co chu ky.
S pha hoai deo - pha hoai kem theo bien dang ln - gay phan
bo lai noi lc va ng suat - chu tai trong xung kch va ng suat
tap trung tot.
u iem :
Tnh ong nhat cao, chu nhiet tot, de gia cong che tao - co the
c gii hoa triet e.
Cac lien ket la dang lien ket chac chan, chu lc cao, de thao
lap. Co the dung trong cac cong trnh tam cung nh vnh cu.
Nhc iem :
Hien tng g do tac ong cua moi trng: g lam an mon kim
loai, lam giam tiet dien chu lc, pha hoai cac lien ket va do o
lam giam tuoi tho cua cong trnh.
Viec sn ma chong g ch co tac dung trong mot thi gian nhat
nh- cong trnh can thng xuyen kiem tra, bao quan, cao g va
sn lai.
Chi ph duy tu bao dng kha cao so vi cac loai vat lieu khac.
Vat lieu thep c s dung trong rat nhieu nganh cong nghiep
khac va cho nhu cau i song hang ngay
Viec s dung thep can c xem xet phu hp vi nhu cau chung.
Hien nay cau thep thng ch dung cho ket cau nhp cac cau
ln, cau ng sat
Dung cho cac loai cau tam, cau quan s can thao d nhanh, van
chuyen de dang.
Giao trnh cau thep nang cao nghien cu ket cau cau thep
dang ket cau lien hp gia thep - BTCT va mot so dang cau thep
nhp ln tiet dien hop.
Hai hng phat trien :
Giam khoi lng thep cua ban than cong trnh ti mc toi thieu
Giam khoi lng va chi ph che tao, xay dng cau thep.
Ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien hp c tiep tuc phat trien theo 3 xu
hng :
o Tang t le phan ket cau BTCT trong tiet dien lien hp - tiet kiem
thep.
o Hoan chnh phan mat cau: dung mat cau BTCT co o ben, tuoi
tho cao, chat lng tot, bao ve c bo phan thep pha di.
o Toan bo phan ban c lien ket vi dam thep tao thanh mot
he lien hp - ket cau nhp tr thanh mot ket cau khong gian
thong nhat toan khoi cung lam viec.
TAC DUNG CUA BAN BE TONG
Ban cung tham gia lam viec vi dam
Co the ieu chnh, gay ng suat trc ngc dau vi ng suat
do tai trong trong dam - lam tang kha nang chu lc cua ban than
dam thep.
Co cac ch tieu kinh te ky thuat tot :
- Giam khoi lng thep mot cach ro ret
- Qua trnh phuc vu cua cau hoan toan am bao.
Loai cau nay c s dung rong rai nhieu nc
Ket cau thep BTCT lien hp c thi cong theo 2 bc :
Bc 1 : Lap ghep dam thep, he lien ket ngang
Bc 2 : Thi cong phan ban BTCT

Dam lien hp se lam viec theo 2 giai oan:
+ Giai oan 1 : rieng dam thep chu trong lng ban than no
va trong lng phan ban BTCT (khi be tong cha ong) G/ IG/ II++

+ Giai oan 2 : Tiet dien lien hp thep BTCT lam viec nh mot
ket cau thong nhat chu cac tai trong con lai : tnh tai phan hai
va hoat tai.
HNG PHAT TRIEN :
Tang tiet dien bien di dam thep
Bien tren thiet ke vi kch thc toi thieu - Ket cau thng
khong oi xng.
Bieu o ng suat trong tiet dien theo 2 giai oan nh tren hnh 1.1.

F Dung bien phap gay tao va ieu chnh ] phan phoi lai noi lc
do tnh va hoat tai cho cac phan be tong va thep ] viec s dung
vat lieu at hieu qua nhat.
F Co the kch dam len tai v tr gia nhp trc khi lap ghep hoac
o ban mat cau trong ket cau lien hp.
F Dung bien phap gay tao va ieu chnh ] phan phoi lai noi lc
do tnh va hoat tai cho cac phan be tong va thep ] viec s dung
vat lieu at hieu qua nhat.
Co the kch dam len tai gia nhp trc khi lap ghep hoac
o ban mat cau trong ket cau lien hp.
Ket cau nhp lien tuc - tai goi tren tru xuat hien mo men
am ] ban be tong lam viec chu keo.
Gay tao ng suat trc hoac ieu chnh ng suat - bo tr
phan BTCT lam viec chu keo ch do hoat tai
Khong che ng suat phat sinh trong be tong khong vt qua
gii han cho phep.
Trng hp ket cau nhp lien tuc - tai goi tren tru xuat hien
mo men am ] ban be tong lam viec chu keo.

Nh cac bien phap gay tao ng suat trc hoac ieu

chnh ng suat e cho phan BTCT lam viec chu keo di
tac dung cua hoat tai ] can khong che ng suat phat sinh
trong be tong khong vt qua gii han cho phep.
II. PHAN LOAI KET CAU LIEN HP THEP BTCT.

CAC HNH THC GAY TAO VA IEU CHNH NG SUAT
2.1. Phan loai
T le gia phan be tong cot thep va phan thep co the chenh
lech rat nhieu:
Chu yeu la thep - gan nh mot ket cau thep n thuan.
Chu yeu la BTCT, phan thep khong lien hp vi be tong
kha t - gan nh la ket cau BTCT n thuan.
Mc o cua phan BTCT trong ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien hp
c chia ra 2 loai
Loai 1: Ket cau nhp ch phan ban mat cau la BTCT, cac bo phan
khac hoan toan la thep - gan vi ket cau cau thep (Hnh 1-2).
Gom cac dang sau:
+ Cau dam hoac dan ng xe chay tren, ban BTCT lien hp vi
dam hoac dan chu.
+ Cau dan ng xe chay di hoac gia, ban mat cau BTCT
lien hp vi he dam mat cau - co hoac khong tham gia cung chu lc
vi dan chu.
+ Ket cau nhp ng xe chay di hoac gia, co he mat cau
hoan toan bang BTCT va thng cung tham gia chu lc vi dan chu.
loai 2 : ban mat cau va ca nhng bo phan khac cau tao t BTCT -
gan vi ket cau BTCT hn.
Gom cac dang:
+ Cau dam co ng xe chay tren, ban BTCT ca bien tren va
di cung chu lc vi dam chu.
+ Cau dan co he mat cau va dam cng hoac thanh bien di
cng hoan toan bang BTCT.
+ Mat cau la BTCT va mot so thanh, bo phan khong mc mat cau
cung bang BTCT.

Hien nay :
Dang cau dam thep ac co ban mat cau BTCT lien hp c s

dung rong rai nhat.
Cac dang khac : t c s dung.

2.2. Cac phng phap gay tao va ieu chnh ng suat:
Muc ch :
Tan dung s lam viec cua BTCT
Giam bt s lam viec cua phan thep trong tiet dien - tiet kiem
thep
Chon :
Tuy thuoc s o, dang ket cau, phng phap, ac iem thi cong.
Phan biet : gay tao ng suat trc va ieu chnh ng suat
- Tao ng suat trc: tao ra nhng nhan to lc khong phu thuoc vao
trong lng ban than ket cau.
- ieu chnh ng suat: lam thay oi hoac phan phoi lai nhan to lc do
trong lng ban than ket cau ] thay oi s o lam viec cua he trong
qua trnh thi cong, chat tai bang tng phan trong lng ket cau -
khong co cac tac ong ben ngoai.
Tao ng suat trc
+ Cang cot thep, bo cap hoac thanh tai mot so v tr
+ Dung kch e ep ban BTCT
+ Gay chuyen v thang ng hoac chat tai phu ] phan phoi lai noi lc
gia hai phan thep va BTCT.
+ Tao oi trong au hang
+ Cang keo them nhng bo cot thep DL tai goi, day cap cua ket
cau nhp cau treo va cau day vang.
ieu chnh ng suat do trong lng ban than ket cau
Cau tao khp hoac moi noi tam thi trong ket cau sieu tnh.
+ Dam lien tuc : khi thi cong e cac nhp bien lam viec nh dam hang.
Sau khi ket cau vong xuong do trong lng ban than - ke goi ngoai
cung e thanh s o lien tuc.
+ Sau khi tnh tai a tac dung hoan toan mi lap cac thanh phu them :
nh bien ket cau dam thanh khung.
+ Thay oi t le cac phan tnh tai tac dung trc va sau khi lien hp
phan thep va BTCT.
+ ieu chnh noi lc dam lien tuc bang tai trong tam thi.
III.TNH KINH TE CUA KET CAU NHP THEP BTCT LIEN HP
3.1. u iem:
Tiet kiem thep : 15 20%
o cng ket cau tang ca phng ng va ngang.

Giam chi ph sa cha , bao quan ve sinh so vi cac loai mat cau
go, thep.
Giam tieng on va giam tac ong xung kch khi xe i tren cau.
3.2. Nhc iem :
Ton thep hn 1,5 en 3 lan so vi ket cau cau BTCT.
Nhp cang ln ] chenh lech ve khoi lng thep s dung so vi
ket cau khong lien hp cang giam, do tnh tai trong lng ban
than tang len rat nhieu.
Can chu y van e chong r cho phan thep.
s dung ket cau cau thep BTCT lien hp rat phu hp
cho ket cau cau dam gian n, lien tuc khi co ket hp vi cac
bien phap gay tao va ieu chnh ng suat.
CHNG II:
CAU TAO KET CAU NHP THEP BTCT LIEN HP
TIET DIEN NGANG KET CAU NHP LIEN HP:
Thng co hai dang :
Dang 1 : co t dam chu, thng la 2. Ket cau thng co he dam mat
cau.
Dang 2 : nhieu dam chu : ket cau mat cau n gian hn, ban at trc
tiep len dam chu.
Be day ban mat cau co the khong oi hoac thay oi.
II. KET CAU NHP THEP BTCT LIEN HP THONG THNG

(KHONG GAY TAO HOAC IEU CHNH S) :
Nhp gian n: h/l = 1/16- 1/25.
oi vi dam lien tuc , hang eo: h/l nho hn.
Ket cau nhp dam gian n : ban BTCT nam tren : ban hoan
toan nam trong khu vc chu nen giong ban BTCT thong thng.

K/c dam lien tuc : co M am goi : ban ri vao khu vc chu keo
] phai co bien phap x ly
-Tao moi noi doc gia ban BTCT va dam thep trong oan ban chu M
am (hnh 2.3b) ] can co vat lieu cach ly e ban bien dang trt va
bao ve thep.
Nhc : cau tao va bao quan phc tap . Phan cuoi ban phai co neo
tang cng e chu lc trt.
F Cau tao nh dam lien hp nhng khong tnh en s lam viec cua
be tong:
- Thng xuat hien vet nt tren ban vt qua tr so cho phep.
F Bo tr cot thep trong ban e chu keo: - ton them cot thep ban
nhng tiet kiem thep bien tren dam thep. Ham lng cot thep thng
1 2%.
F Va dung cot thep chu keo trong ban, va cau tao khe bien dang
gia ban va dam thep: to hp cua phng phap 1 va 3. Ban lam viec
nh mot thanh cang phu - tiet kiem thep khoang 5 7%.
Trng hp ban lap ghep: nhc iem chung - phai giai quyet moi
noi cot thep ban.
III. KET CAU NHP THEPBTCT LIEN HP CO GAY TAO VA IEU
CHNH S:
Co 2 loai:
- Khong dung cot thep cng o cao
- Dung cot thep cng o cao.
3.1.Bien phap khong dung cot thep cng o cao
Ket cau nhp n gian:
Muc ch : tan dung kha nang chu nen cua be tong, a
ban vao lam viec nhieu hn ] giam nhe s lam viec cua phan thep
va tiet kiem thep.
Bien phap thong thng :kch dam tai gia nhp trc khi
lien hp - chuyen tai trong t giai oan I sang giai oan II. Co the dung
tru tam hoac dung thanh cang tam thi.
- Tiet kiem ti 30% thep.
- Nhp ln ] hieu qua thap. Thi cong nhieu nhp kinh te hn.

Ket cau nhp lien tuc va hang:

Muc ch : - Tiet kiem thep
- Chong nt cho phan ban chu keo (M am) do hoat tai.
Dam co chieu cao thay oi, kch cac goi gia len hoac ha thap
cac goi ngoai - tang M am goi giam M gia nhp.
Cau tao cac khp tam thi ] bien thanh s o ket cau hang
(mut tha). Sau se tr ve ket cau lien tuc.
Dung kch ep ban BTCT va chat tai phu e gay tao va /c s .

3.2. Gay tao ng suat bang bien phap cang cot thep
cng o cao:
u iem : + S dung ket cau DL tai v tr M am am bao ve mat ky
thuat va kinh te.
+ Tiet kiem thep ti mc toi a.
Phan loai : Co the chia ra cac loai sau:

Ket cau co bo thep cng o cao lam nhiem vu thanh cang:
+ Cac bo thep cng o cao at ngoai tiet dien
+ Lien ket cac au hoac them mot so iem ta (u) tai v tr uon
cong (ket cau DL cang ngoai).
+ Khong co s dnh ket vi ket cau.
Can bao ve ket cau chong r : boc ong nha, o BT lap ong.
Ket cau dung cot thep cng o cao gay nen trc dam thep:
- Cot thep cng o cao c cang tren mat dam thep tai v tr co M
am
- Ch truyen len dam thep.
- Be tong ban cung c nen trc bang bien phap khac.
Dung cot thep cng o cao gay lc nen cho ban BTCT:
Tuy phng phap thi cong ban BTCT la lap ghep hay o tai cho dung:
Ket cau cang sau hay cang trc.
Cang trc :dung dam thep la be cang
Chu y giai quyet van e ban trt t do tren mat dam thep -
co the dung con lan nho ] phun va kn lap khe gia ban va
dam. Hoac dung ban thep trt tren mat dam han ] han lien lai.
Ket cau dung cot thep cng o cao

ep toan bo tiet dien:
Cac bo cot thep nam trong ban (lo cha san) hoac trong phan
dam thep.
Cot thep mot so neo vao ban, mot so neo va dam e giam bt
lc trt au neo.
u iem:
- Tiet kiem thep nhieu hn

- Khong can cau tao bo phan e ban va dam trt t do vi nhau.

- Phan bo cot thep de dang, khong can tap trung ch tren pham vi
dam thep.
- Va gay ST trong thep va ban be tong ]hieu qua hn.
- Dam thep khong co ban BTCT khong the tao c lc ST ln do
on nh cua bien chu nen ] ket cau lien hp co kha nang tao ST
ln hn.
CHNG III:
TNH TOAN NOI LC VA BIEN DANG DO TAI TRONG VA DL
I. CAC GIAI OAN LAM VIEC VA AC IEM TNH TOAN KHI GAY
TAO VA IEU CHNH NG SUAT:
1.1. Cac giai oan lam viec: can thc hien 2 bc:
- Tnh toan noi lc cac bo phan ket cau.
- Tnh toan kiem tra theo cac ieu kien :ben, on nh, moi, o
cng va chong nt.
Ket cau thep -BTCT lien hp: can phan tch cac giai oan lam viec
cua ket cau.
So giai oan xac nh bi so cac bo phan tiet dien lan lt tham
gia chu lc.
Thong thng co 2 giai oan lam viec:
Giai oan 1: Rieng dam thep. Tai trong :trong lng dam va ban
BTCT.
Giai oan 2: Tiet dien lien hp thep BTCT. Tai trong phan 2
- Trng hp mot vai bo phan tiet dien tham gia cung mot luc :
so giai oan se t hn so bo phan tiet dien.
- S o tnh toan hoac tac dung cua tnh tai co thay oi trong qua
trnh mot giai oan - giai oan lam viec se c phan lam cac
bc nho.

Khai niem tham gia lam viec cua ban : ban c lien ket chat
che vi ket cau thep (cung lam viec) - hoac c gay tao ng
suat trc tren ket cau thep trc khi lien ket.
oi vi cot thep cng o cao, tham gia lam viec la khi cang cot
thep DL.
Viec phan tch noi lc theo cac giai oan : ch do tai trong va gay
tao ieu chnh ng suat.
Cac noi lc do co ngot be tong, anh hng cua thay oi nhiet
o phat sinh trong giai oan cuoi cung cua tiet dien - tnh rieng
va cong cac tac dung cua chung sau.
1.2. Xac nh cac noi lc theo giai oan lam viec trong nhng
trng hp gay tao va ieu chnh ng suat:
Cac thanh phan noi lc:

Do tnh va hoat tai
Do gay tao va ieu chnh ng suat: them moi noi hay khp, noi
cng cac moi noi hay khp, them hoac bo tru tam, them cac
thanh sau khi chat 1 phan tnh tai (cac nhan to lc ngoai) - ch
co s thay oi noi lc do tnh tai.
Noi lc cuoi cung bang tong cong noi lc trong cac giai oan va
nhng bc cua moi giai oan.

V du hnh 3-2: ieu chnh ng suat trong dam thep BTCT lien
hp nhp gian n.
Noi lc tong cong do dam chu : Mt + Mh F mot phan tnh tai

cua giai oan I chuyen sang t/d giai oan II chu (t/d lien hp)
F ng suat trong phan thep giam i va trong phan BTCT tang len.


1.3. Lc ng suat trc kiem tra, tieu chuan va cac loai mat
mat:
Khai nien c ban:
lc ng suat trc kiem tra : lc o c khi gay tao ng suat.
Khi ieu chnh noi lc: phan lc goi ta (do kch) kiem tra, chuyen
v kiem tra va tai trong tnh kiem tra.
Lc ng suat trc tieu chuan: tr so lc ng suat trc c a
vao tnh toan trong moi thi ky lam viec cua ket cau.

1.4. He so vt tai cua lc ST va ieu chnh S:

Lc tnh toan = lc tieu chuan * he so vt tai khi ieu chnh ng
suat(nr)
Tnh trong tr so chuyen v, lc kch
nr = 1 khi :
- Gay tao hoac dieu chnh ng suat tien hanh trc khi phan BTCT
tham gia lam viec va trong s o tnh nh.
- Cot thep DL gay ng suat trc khong co cho uon cong.
- Co t nhat 2 cach oc lap tin cay e kiem tra lan nhau khi gay tao
hoac dieu chnh ng suat.
Cac trng hp khac: nr lay gia tr 1,1 hoac 0,9 tuy cach tnh nao
bat li hn.
II. S CUNG THAM GIA LAM VIEC CUA BAN BTCT VA THEP TRONG
TIET DIEN LIEN HP
2.1. Gia thiet ve tnh an hoi cua be tong
2.1.Gia thiet ve tnh an hoi cua be tong
Be tong : + la vat lieu khong an hoi: bien dang khong t le vi
ng suat.
+ La ket cau chu keo kem va chu ep khong an hoi.
Nhng : + Trong tnh toan ket cau lien hp - gia thiet BT lam viec an
hoi.

+ Tnh khong an hoi - xet qua hnh thc tnh toan ieu
chnh (bang phng phap gan ung khi duyet cng o, moi va
chong nt cua cac tiet dien).
Trong cac bai toan sieu tnh :
BT c coi nh lam viec an hoi
- khong phu thuoc vao ng suat keo hay nen.

Anh hng cua s khong tham gia cua mot phan tiet dien (khi b
keo nt) hoac chuyen t an hoi sang deo c bo qua.
2.2.Anh hng trt gia ban BTCT va thep ti noi lc:
Cac tai lieu ly thuyet va thc nghiem a chng minh: tnh
chat an hoi cua moi lien ket gia ban va dam anh hng
khong ang ke ti s phan phoi lai noi lc va ng suat gia
chung di tac dung cua tai trong.
GS. M. Borodish da tren ly thuyet thanh to hp lien ket an
hoi vi nhau cua Rjanishin a n/c hang loat cau dam thep BTCT
lien hp n gian, cho thay ket qua tnh toan khong chenh lech
ang ke so vi gia thiet tiet dien phang cua ket cau thep
BTCT lien hp
ZC,S : khoang cach t trong tam phan tiet dien ban be tong ti
dam thep.
Toan bo tai trong: se phan phoi lai nh sau:
Dam thep chu:
Ban BTCT chu:
Dam lien hp chu:
q: tai trong do hoat tai
V du: cau xe la nhp 45m, ng D =1 mm - S bien di dam
thep tang 0,6%; ng suat ban giam 3%. Trong thc te s dung - D
nho hn nhieu, va s phan phoi lai ng suat con nho na nen
co the bo qua.
2.3. Phan ban BTCT tham gia vao tiet dien tnh toan cua dam
lien hp:
Muc ch : lam cho ng suat ln nhat thc te (phan bo khong
eu) xap x bang vi ng suat tnh toan (coi nh phan bo eu).

S phan bo ng suat trong ban khong giong nhau tren chieu dai
nhp: goi rat chenh lech, gia nhp tng oi eu hn.
Be rong tnh toan cua ban lay theo ieu kien lam viec oan
gia nhp. Tiet dien gan goi van an toan v ng suat phap nho
(M nho). Lc cat : ng suat tiep tnh ra se ln hn trong thc te.
Trong o:
l- chieu dai nhp tnh toan.
hb-be day trung bnh cua ban.
Trng hp ban BTCT lien hp vi dam doc: tnh dam doc vi
trong tam t/d lien hp nam vao mep di ban.
Khi tnh dam chu: se ke ca tiet dien dam doc nam trong pham vi
canh ban tham gia chu lc nhng co he so KLV m = 0,9.
III. TNH ANH HNG T BIEN CUA BE TONG VA EP XT CAC

MOI NOI BAN LAP GHEP
3.1. Quan he gia bien dang va ng suat do t bien cua be

tong
Co nhieu phng phap e tnh t bien trong ket cau lien hp.
Nhieu tac gia phng tay xet t bien ong thi vi s xuat hien
co ngot va co ngot nay anh hng lai en t bien - rat phc
tap.
P.phap cua GS. Gibsman tng oi n gian hn - da tren gia
thiet la bien dang va ng suat khi t bien tuan theo cung mot

qui luat. Gao s con a ra p.phap tnh gan ung n gian nhat da
vao mo un an hoi co hieu: Eeff = 0,4 EC.
Phng phap tnh cua Strelesky a c chap nhan trong qui pham
tnh ket cau nhp thep BTCT lien hp : phng phap ban mong
da tren c s p.phap tnh cua Gibsman nhng n gian hn:
Xet s lam viec cua dam lien hp di tai trong tnh g. Tren
oan L co ac trng h.hoc khong oi.
Cac ky hieu vi mc trong tam t/dien be tong:
- ng suat tai trong tam ban BTCT luc ban au, tnh toan
xuat phat t s lam viec an hoi cua BT (trc khi t bien)




3.2. Hien tng ep xt cac moi noi ngang cua ban lap ghep :
Xuat hien do s khong kht chat mat tiep xuc gia cac khoi
be tong vi phan BT trat moi noi.
Khong phu thuoc nhieu vao be day moi noi.
Co bien dang cua be tong trat moi noi, phu thuoc o chat be
tong.
Cac bien dang nay eu co tnh phi an hoi va khong hoi phuc -
anh hng en s phan phoi lai noi lc trong ban BTCT va dam
thep giong bien dang t bien.
Xuat hien do s khong kht chat mat tiep xuc gia cac khoi
be tong vi phan BT trat moi noi.
Khong phu thuoc nhieu vao be day moi noi.
Co bien dang cua be tong trat moi noi, phu thuoc o chat be
tong.
Cac bien dang nay eu co tnh phi an hoi va khong hoi phuc -
anh hng en s phan phoi lai noi lc trong ban BTCT va dam
thep giong bien dang t bien



3.4.Tnh anh hng t bien va ep xt moi noi trong ket cau

sieu tnh :
Bien dang t bien be tong va ep xt moi noi khong ch gay ra
s phan phoi lai noi lc gia cac phan be tong va thep ma con
gay ra noi lc phu.
Tnh toan anh hng nay phc tap hn nhieu v s xuat hien
noi lc va phan phoi lai noi lc dien bien t t va co nhng
anh hng lan nhau.
Muon xac nh noi lc phu can biet bien dang do t bien
trong he c ban theo phng cac an so lc tha. Ma cac bien
dang nay lai phu thuoc vao ca noi lc phu.V vay bai toan phai
giai theo phng phap ung dan.
Cac bc gom:
Xac nh noi lc vi gia thiet bo qua anh hng cua t bien.
Can c noi lc tnh c xac nh noi lc phu lan I.
Xac nh noi lc co ke en noi lc phu va tm.
Xac nh noi lc phu lan 2.

Trnh t c lap lai en khi ket qua tng oi chnh xac.

Bai toan kha phc tap va khoi lng tnh toan nhieu.Trong nhieu
trng hp ch can han che bai toan trong bc tnh gan ung
th nhat.


CHNG IV:
TNH DUYET TIET DIEN

DI TAC DUNG CUA TAI TRONG VA LC NG SUAT TRC
I.CAC TIEU CHUAN TRANG THAI GII HAN VE CNG O VA

CAC TRNG HP TNH TOAN
1.1.S lam viec cua be tong trong ket cau BTCT lien hp:
Thc te quan he gia s va e la ng cong dan cho ti khi at Rb.
e n gian trong tnh toan - qui pham chap nhan e xuat cua
Strelesky la quan he s - e gom 2 oan
Tnh toan se da tren 2 tr so gii han :

+ Cng o tnh toan cua be tong RC.
+ Bien dang tng oi gii han cua be tong DC
- ng suat va bien dang do t bien va ep xt moi noi xet vi
giai oan an hoi ban au (oan AB).
- Khi ng suat tong cong > RC th tnh toan theo oan BC - coi nh
ng suat trong be tong bang RC va bien dang se xac nh qua
bien dang cua thep ] viec tnh bien dang do t bien khong con y
ngha.
1.2. Cac tieu chuan TTGH va cac trng hp tnh toan:
Ket cau chu mo men dng: be tong nam trong vung chu nen.
Gia thiet be tong lam viec theo 2 giai oan, thep trong giai
oan an hoi. Cac tieu chuan xac nh TTGH cua tiet dien lien
hp:
ng suat keo tai mep bien di at ti cng o tnh toan thep
khi uon RS,B.
ng suat nen tai mep bien tren dam thep at m2.RS,B
Bien dang cua be tong at ti tr so gii han DC.
m2: he so KLV xet anh hng cua be tong lam han che s phat
trien bien dang deo bien tren dam thep. Tuy thuoc so vi Rc e
co tr so phu hp.

Cng o tnh toan cua thep RS,B lay bang lc doc truc RS,O
neu ng suat do lc doc chiem u the.
Trong ket cau BTCT lien hp thng be day ban be tong la

nho - khi pha hoai thng xay ra tren toan tiet dien ] o bien
dang DC co the lay oi vi trong tam cua ban DC = 0,0016.
Tnh o ben cau kien chu yeu hoat tai lam nen be tong c
tien hanh theo mot trong ba trng hp tnh chu yeu: A , B hoac C tuy
gia tr ng suat trong be tong.
+ Trng hp A: Khi sCF < RC : be tong va thep eu lam viec trong giai
oan an hoi.
+ Trng hp B: Khi co cot thep doc chu lc va neu
phan thep va cot thep lam viec an hoi, be tong lam viec trong giai
oan deo.
+ Trng hp C: Neu
khi khong co cot thep doc tnh toan va neu co cot thep doc ma
Th tng ng phan thep cua ket cau lam viec an hoi, con
toan bo phan BTCT eu lam viec trong giai oan deo.

Be tong nam trong khu vc chu keo. Co the xay ra cac trng
hp sau:
Be tong c ep trc bang phng phap ieu chnh hoac gay
tao ng suat - di tac dung cua hoat tai cha xuat hien ng
suat keo trong be tong.
ng suat do hoat tai vt qua ng suat nen trc trong be
tong nen gay keo.
Be tong khong c nen trc nen do tai trong se xuat hien
ng suat keo.
Khi tnh toan ve cng otuy gia tr ng suat sCF cua be tong
e xet toan bo tiet dien BT lam viec an hoi hay hoan toan
khong ke ti phan BT. Cot thep van tnh trong moi trng hp.
ieu kien: sCF khong vt qua S ti han sU
Cau co cot thep si cng o cao : sU = 0
Phan BTCT khong co cot thep cng o cao :
sU = RCT cng o tnh toan khi keo cua BT
sU xac nh theo gia thiet BT lam viec an hoi, co the xet en
t bien va ep xt moi noi khi can.
T/hp khong co cot thep cng o cao: trong moi trng hp am
bao : sU < RCT mi ke en tiet dien BT khi tnh toan. sU - do to
hp chnh, phu.
Tnh theo mot trong hai trng hp c ban:
Trng hp D: be tong c tnh vao tiet dien lien hp khi bao
am mot trong cac ieu kien sau:
+ Neu ng suat keo sCF < sU ng vi to hp TT va tac
ong bat li nhat.
+ sCF <0 ng vi to hp at tai c xet.
Trng hp E: be tong khong c ke vao tiet dien tnh toan khi
ong thi co 2 ieu kien:
+ Neu ng suat keo sCF > sU ng vi to hp TT va tac ong bat
li nhat.
+ sCF > 0 ng vi to hp at tai c xet.
II.CAC CONG THC KIEM TRA CNG O TIET DIEN THEP

BTCT LIEN HP THEO CAC TRNG HP TNH TOAN
Cac trng hp sau ap dung cho nhng ket cau thep BTCT lien
hp kieu dam lien hp vi ban BTCT, lam viec theo 2 giai oan.
Trc het xac nh ng suat nen trong be tong sC,sCF e xac

nh cac trng hp tnh toan A,B,C, va ng suat keo trong be
tong sCF khi be tong nam khu vc chu keo e xac nh trng
hp tnh toan D,E.

2. Trng hp B :
ng suat be tong at en RC, toan bo ban lam viec trong
giai oan deo, dam thep trong giai oan an hoi. ng suat trong
be tong khong the vt qua RC - bieu o ng suat la hnh ch
nhat.
Tng tng phan be tong b cat t ra va thay the bang lc
ep RCFC at tai trong tam ban be tong. Trong giai oan II tiet dien
lien hp se ch oi vi phan thep (dam thep + cot thep ban)
chu MII,CR va NII,CR at tai trong tam tiet dien lien hp va lc
keo RCFC at tai trong tam tiet dien be tong.

Trong cac cong thc tren:
- ng suat sC=RC nen m2=1

- Do be tong lam viec trong giai oan deo ] phan ng suat phan
phoi lai do t bien
khong co na, bieu o ng suat trong be tong a tnh theo

hnh ch nhat.
- NCR va MCR van co v xet t bien cua ca he.
3- Trng hp C
Bieu o ng suat trong be tong at ti giai oan deo co dang
ch nhat RC
ng suat cua cot thep cung at ti Ra va lam viec trong trang
thai deo.
Tng t trng hp B - coi nh cat ca phan BTCT ban va thay bang
lc ep: RCFC+RaFa=(RC+mRa)FC at tai trong tam BT.
Trong giai oan II, phan tiet dien con lai ch la dam thep chu
MII,CR va NII,CR at tai trong tam cua tiet dien lien hp, va lc
keo (RC+mRa)FC at tai trong tam phan be tong.



6- Kiem tra cng o cua tiet dien dam lien hp khi co s gay
tao ng suat :
Xet VD: trng hp ban BTCT ri vao khu vc chu keo khi co hoat
tai - s dung cot thep cng o cao tren toan tiet dien. Trnh t
thi cong:
Giai oan 1: dam thep chu tnh tai phan 1: MgI
Giai oan 2: Cang cot thep e ep rieng phan thep. Sau o at
ban mat cau: co NprII,MgII,XgII
NprII :lc ep trc trong dam thep- co xet t bien BT ban.
Giai oan 3: cang cot thep ep ca tiet dien lien hp, chat tnh tai
va hoat tai: co NprIII,MIIIb,CR,NIIIb,CR Sau khi co cac gia tr noi
ngoai lc, tien hanh tnh kiem tra.
Trc tien tnh sCF ng vi trng hp bat li nhat. So sanh xem
thuoc trng hp tnh toan D hay E. Sau o ap dung cac cong thc
tnh oi vi moi trng hp trong cac giai oan. (Trong giao trnh)
III. KIEM TRA VE MOI CUA TIET DIEN THEP BTCT LIEN HP:
Kiem tra phan thep va neo lien ket, moi han, cac chi tiet lien
ket ban BTCT vi dam thep.
Ch kiem toan o chong moi vi to hp tai trong va
tac ong chnh, tnh vi tai trong tieu chuan. Vi hoat tai
thang ng co xet he so xung kch.
Gia tnh toan ve cng o va ve moi oi vi tiet dien
lien hp cac cong thc tnh va cac giai oan tnh toan nh nhau,
ch khac :
+ Cac he so (vt tai)
+ Tnh chat bien dang cua be tong(EC), mot vai ac iem
trong xac nh ng suat trong ket cau thep (V du co ke ti o
cng tai nut).


Ch tnh ng suat do t bien be tong va ep xt moi noi khi

kiem toan moi lay t so mo un an hoi la n1.
Trong cau o to va thanh pho, so lng lan tac dung cua tai
trong trung phuc thap hn nhieu so lan e xac nh gii han moi
(2.106) - bien dang trong be tong rat nho, khong gay ra s phan
phoi lai ng suat trong be tong va thep ] khi tnh moi van lay EC.
Neu smax con thap nhieu so vi gii han moi th du so lan tac
dung trung phuc ay u, s phan phoi lai ng suat cung khong
dien ra toan bo en mc dung
- ch dung e kiem tra moi phan be tong, con phan
thep se tuy thuoc tr so cua s be tong co at ti gii han moi
hay khong e dung mot tr so trung gian gia EC va bang cach tnh
gian tiep qua he so KLV m.
KP : he so ieu chnh e xet en anh hng r > 0,1 : tra bang

theo qui trnh (chng V)
: cng o tnh toan chu nen cua be tong theo o

chu moi khi uon.Vi r 0,1 tra bang trong qui trnh (chng V)
: cac he so triet giam cng o tnh toan khi tnh ve

o chu moi oi vi canh tren va canh di.
IV.KIEM TRA VE NT CUA TIET DIEN THEP BTCT LIEN HP:

Tnh toan vi to hp chnh va ca to hp phu cac tai trong

Cac tiet dien can kiem tra: cac tiet dien co the xuat hien ng
suat keo.
Noi lc tnh theo cung s o tnh va cung ah noi lc nh khi tnh
ve cng o. Coi toan b bn be tong lam viec an hoi vi EC
co ke ti t bien, ep xt moi noi trong ket cau sieu tnh.
Bai 6
CHNG V
TNH TOAN KET CAU NHP LIEN HP DO CO NGOT BE TONG VA
NHIET O THAY OI
I. ANH HNG CO NGOT CUA BE TONG:
Hien tng co ngot : la ket qua cua cac hien tng hoa ly va
mao dan xay ra trong thanh phan cau truc dnh ket cua be tong.
Bien dang tng oi khi co ngot t do phat trien theo qui luat tt dn
theo thi gian t :
Trong o:
- he so toc o phat trien tat dan cua s co ngot.
: tr so bien dang tng oi cuoi cung khi t bien co
ngot t do.
Khi tnh esh(t) :
- ve ly thuyet t=, nhng thc te ng vi t=3, 4 nam.
Phu thuoc rat nhieu yeu to : che o am khi be tong ong cng,
kch thc ket cau, thanh phan BT, loai XM
Nhieu th nghiem va thc nghiem a c tien hanh e xac nh
esh.
Nh trong ket cau BTCT: bien dang co ngot cua be tong b phan
thep can tr. Nhng phan thep nay rat cng va co kch thc
anh hng ln en bien dang co ngot - trong ket cau xuat hien

ng suat noi tai do co ngot: be tong co ng suat keo va phan

thep tiep xuc vi be tong co ng suat nen.
Thong thng trong tam phan thep va phan be tong khong
trung nhau - trong phan to lien hp se b uon - th phan thep pha
khong tiep xuc vi be tong se xuat hien ng suat keo.
Bien dang co ngot cua be tong trong ket cau lien hp nho i
nhieu so vi bien dang khi co ngot t do. Nhieu th nghiem cho thay
co the coi gia thiet tiet dien phang van ap dung c khi xet
bien dang do co ngot.
Thc te di tac dung lau dai cua ng suat do co ngot khong
t do - trong be tong cung xuat hien t bien, va t bien nay lai
lam giam ng suat do co ngot. Hai hien tng co ngot va t bien
co tac dung anh hng lan nhau rat phc tap trong qua trnh dien
bien theo thi gian, do tnh chat co nhng cho tng t ] hp thanh
mot qua trnh thong nhat.
Phan tch anh hng cua t bien ti ng suat do co ngot :

ng suat do tnh tai ban au co tr so cc ai ] giam dan (do t
bien)
ng suat do co ngot luc au bang 0, sau tang dan va at ti
mot tr so nhat nh.
Giai oan au khi bien dang t bien co the phat trien manh th
ng suat do co ngot lai gan bang 0 - t bien se hau nh khong
xuat hien. ] anh hng toan bo cua t bien ti ng suat do co
ngot trong ca qua trnh phai nho hn anh hng cua t bien ti
ng suat do tai trong co nh.
Khi tnh toan ve co ngot co xet ti t bien th Esh phai gan vi
EC hn la Eeff.
Trong phng phap tnh n gian lay Esh = 0,5EC e tnh co ngot cua
be tong ong thi co xet t bien. Khi tnh vi tai trong co nh
co xet ti t bien lay Eeff=0,4EC
Dung Esh se han che c viec phai xet ti t bien khi tnh co
ngot. Trong ket cau lien hp thep be tong luon phai theo gia

thiet BT chu an hoi va xet ti t bien. Tr so tra bang trong qui

trnh.
II.ANH HNG CUA NHIET O THAY OI :
He so dan nhiet cua be tong va thep chenh nhau kha
ln: khoang 50 lan
Khi nhiet o moi trng thay oi thep hap thu va tan
nhiet nhanh hn.
Gia dam thep va be tong se co s chenh lech nhiet
o, bien dang khac nhau - phat sinh ng suat do nhiet kha
ln, ac biet trng hp bo phan thep co be day nho
(nh sn dam) b mat tri trc tiep roi vao.
Qua nhieu ket qua quan sat va o ac cho thay :

Khong co s chenh lech ot ngot ve nhiet o gia hai mat
tiep giap thep va be tong.
Nhiet o cao nhat nam trong pham vi sn dam khoang gia
chieu cao.
Phan bien di to nho hn nhieu so vi sn.
Ca dam b chieu nang va dam khong b chieu eu co bieu o
nhiet o tng t theo cung mot qui luat.
Dam ngoai chenh lech nhieu hn so vi dam trong.
Trong mot dam nhiet o phan bo tng oi eu theo chieu dai
nhp.

III. XAC NH NOI LC VA NG SUAT DO CO NGOT CUA BE

TONG VA NHIET O THAY OI :
Co ngot cua be tong gay ra ng suat phu trong dam lien hp,
Hien tng co ngot hoan toan giong trng hp nhiet o cua ban
BTCT mat cau b giam thap so vi nhiet o dam thep.
V vay tnh toan ng suat phu do co ngot trong dam lien hp tien
hanh nh khi tnh vi nhiet o thay oi.

T he thong 3 phng trnh tren ta giai c:

N A( EC FC ES FST )e
M C AaEC I C e
M ST AaES I ST e
PHAN II
CAU DAM THEP TIET
DIEN HOP
Chng I:
VAI NET VE CAU DAM THEP TIET DIEN HOP

I - Khai niem:
Cau dam hop vi vat lieu thep hp kim cng o cao hien nay
c s dung kha pho bien va co nhieu u iem.
Cau dam hop co o cng, nhat la o cng chong xoan cao.
Vi k thuat han phat trien cho phep vt c nhng nhp rat

ln (200-3000m)
ac iem:
S dung thep rat hp ly. He so xay dng at ti tr so rat
thap: hau nh tat ca cac bo phan thep ket cau nhp eu tham
gia trc tiep lam viec trong trang thai ng suat.
Bien tren dam hop ong thi lam ban mat cau trc giao va
lam thay he lien ket doc tren. Tam ay hop lam nhiem vu he
lien ket doc di.
Cho phep phat trien tiet dien e at c mo men quan tnh ln-
giam ang ke chieu cao.
oi vi dam I: canh ban bien rong toi a la 15 hb. Vi dam hop
kieu ban trc giao th be day ban thep 12mm co be rong ti
3,0m.
Trong dam lien tuc co ieu chnh ng suat: chieu cao dam co
the giam ti l/60 hoac hn.
Dam tiet dien hop co cau tao n gian, thuan li cho viec che
tao, thi cong va bao quan trong qua trnh khai thac, ac biet co
the s dung co hieu qua lien ket han va may han t ong.
Cu tao n gian, thuan tien cho viec che tao, thi cong hay bao
quan trong qua trnh khai thac.
Trong ieu kien kh hau nong am, de b an mon bi hi nc
man nh nc ta, dam tiet dien hop cho phep de dang chong r
hn cac loai ket cau khac.
Ch tieu s dung thep oi vi cau dam hop khoang 350-520
kg/m2 tuy theo chieu dai trung bnh cua nhp (trng hp dam lien
tuc).
II. ac iem tiet dien va kch thc c ban cau dam hop:
Tuy thuoc chieu dai nhp, be rong cau ma tiet dien ngang c cau
tao theo 1 so dang :
Tiet dien hop co 1 ngan:

- Khi be rong phan xe chay khong ln lam. Dam co 2 sn ng,
tam ay va tam ban mat cau u dung loai tam trc giao.
- Cac sn ng va tam ay eu co bo tr sn tang cng.

Hnh 1-1 : Tiet dien hop co

ngan
- Cac vach ngang hoac he giang e tao o cng cho tiet dien.
Tiet dien hop co nhieu ngan : hoac cau co nhieu hop - khi
be rong phan xe chay ln.

T le gia chieu cao dan hop va chieu dai nhp thng trong
khoang:
h 1 1

l 30 35
Hnh 1-2 : Tiet dien hop co

nhieu ngan hoac nhieu hop
III. Mot so cau hop a c xay dng
1. Cau Chau Au Ao tren xa lo Muynkhen Roma c xay dng

nam 1963 dai 657m. S o 81+108+198+108+2x81.
Be rong phan xe chay 8,3m cho 1 chieu va 10,6m chieu ngc lai.
(cau nam tren ng cong R=700m).
Khoang cach gia 2 mep lan can: 22,2m
Tiet dien ngang nhp 198m:
Chieu cao dam khong oi : h=7,7m
Thanh ng hop: cach nhau 10,0m, day 12-15mm (bang 1/642
1/514 chieu cao)
Sn tang cng ng: cach nhau 3m, sn tang cng ngang
khoang cach 0,5 1,5m.

0.37
0.44
6,1m 10m 6,1m

Hnh 1 -3 : Tiet dien ngang
cau Chau Au
Tam ay hop: day 10-30mm (1/1000 1/333 be rong) c tang

cng bang cac sn doc khoang cach 440mm. Dam ngang cach
3m.
Tam mat cau kieu ban trc giao day 10-18mm, cac sn ng
cach khoang 370mm. Ke len cac dam ngang k/cach 1,5m.Cac dam
ngang co phan hang 6,1m e phan xe chay m rong va le bo
hanh.
Lp mat ng: be tong nha mattic 5cm c lien ket vi tam
mat cau bang cac sn cao 25mm hnh dch dac.
Hop ck 3m co 1 khung ngang t cac dam ngang lien ket vao mat
cau, tam ay va cac STC ng cua thanh hop. C 9m co at
them cac thanh lien ket e am bao o cng hop.
Ch tieu s dung thep: 350kg/m2
Cac khoi c che tao san trong nha may cao 4m, van chuyen ti
cong trng roi lap ghep thanh khoi ln hn.
Cac khoi dam chu: lap thanh oan 9m, trong lng 20T, thi cong
lap hang can bang. Khoi lng toan bo: 5000T, lap rap xong
trong1 nam.
Khi lap nhp 198m o vong phan hang gia nhp ti 1,4m.
2. Cau tren song Ranh noi Maixe-Vaizen va Gutstapbur.
ay la 1 trong 22 P/A: 3P/A cau BTCTDL, 19P/a thep. S o cau 3
nhp lien tuc: 43,7 + 203,94 + 131,74.
Be rong ng xe chay 20,0m le bo hanh 2x2,25. Khoang cac gia
cac lan can: 24,5m.
Dam co bien di ln theo ng Parabol vi ng ten 1m. hmin
= 6,81m (1/30 nhp), Hgoi =7,17 va 7,77m.

Tiet dien ngang la hop ch nhat, khoang cach 2 thanh ng

11,7m. Phan hang cua moi ben 6,4m.
24.
5m 0.
20. 3
0m
3. 3.
6 4.5 6
11.
Hnh
Be 1-4
day thanh ng :
10mmMat
7m - co caccat
STC ng va STC ngang. Tam
ngang cau tren

mat cau kieu ban trc giao day 12mm co cac sn ng au
tron a = 300mm, cac sn at theo phng ngang cau a = 0,9
1,54m tuy TTS ban mat cau do tham gia chu lc vi dam chu.
song Ranh
Trong hop co 2 dan doc at cach thanh hop 3,6m - co tac dung
lam giam chieu dai nhp cua ban trc giao va ban ay. Con co
tac dung rat tot cho thi cong.
Cac l.ket ngang gia cac dan nang va thanh hop at cach nhau
9,27m lam tang o cng chong xoan cua hop len rat nhieu.
Lp mat cau gom lp mattich 8mm roi phu mot lp BTN 50mm.
KCN c che tao san cac bo phan chi tiet dai 12m, ch bang
ng thuy ti v tr- lap rap cong trng thanh cac khoi rong
3,6m co u cac bo phan: thanh hop, dan doc, tam ay, tam
mat cau trc giao va lien ket ngang - dai 70m, trong lng ~200T
c cau len v tr va lap rap.
Chng II
TNH TOAN CAU DAM TIET DIEN HOP

I. Khai niem:
Dam tiet dien hop thuoc loai thanh thanh mong kn.
Ly thuyet tnh thanh thanh mong c Timosenko a ra au tien,

Sau o B.Z.Vlaxop, A.A. Umanxki nghien cu va hoan chnh ca ve

ly thuyet ve o ben, on nh va dao ong cua thanh thanh
mong h.
A.A.Umanxki nghien cu ly thuyet ve thanh thanh mong kn va giai
quyet van e tnh toan ket cau cau dam hop.
Cac gia thuyet:
Thanh co be day thanh kha nho- cho phep coi ng suat phan bo
eu theo chieu day.
Doc theo thanh mong cua tiet dien, trang thai ng suat la mot
truc (doc theo cac truc x va y cua tiet dien ng suat = 0) va cac
th cua thanh khong e len nhau.
Chu vi tiet dien khong b bien dang, ngha la cac thanh mong
van thang va goc tao thanh gia chung van gi nguyen.
Bo qua cac anh hng cuc bo nh tiet dien thay oi ot ngot,
moi noi, moi lien ket
Vat lieu ket cau lam viec hoan toan trong giai oan an hoi va
s on nh cuc bo c am bao nh cac bien phap cau tao.
T hai gia thiet au - co the xem tiet dien la ng
trung gian be day cac thanh mong.
Gia thiet th 3 co the chap nhan c khi cau tao he
lien ket ngang u cng va bo tr khong qua tha theo chieu dai nhp.
II. Tnh dam tiet dien hop chu uon trong mat phang chnh:
Gia s co dam hop chu tai trong trong mat phang truc y
ng suat phap:
Mx
sx .y
Ix
Khi xac nh Ix ta bo qua mo men quan tnh cua cac tam ngang oi
vi truc cua no.
ng suat tiep trong sn hop x theo cong thc
Qy S x
.
2I x d c
Sx: mo men tnh cua na phan tiet dien hop nam tren (hoac
di) truc x.
dc: be day sn hop.
Trong trng hp tiet dien khong oi xng vi truc y hoac
dam tiet dien hop co nhieu ngan th viec xac nh ng suat phc tap
hn.
Trng hp nay di tac dung cua lc cat Qy, luong ng suat
tiep toan phan t sn hop gom 2 phan:
t = t0 + t1 (1)
Trong o :
Q y S xo
to
Ix
la luong ng suat cua tiet dien hop he c ban khong khep kn

va tnh nh bang cach cat mot ng tiet dien hop kn (Hnh 2-2).
t1 : luong s do thc te tiet dien hop khep kn.
: mo men tnh phan t/d xet cua t/d hop khong khep kn
(he c ban)

Trng hp dam hop co nhieu ngan phai co nhieu iem cat.

Hop co 3 ngan th he c ban phai co 3 iem cat.
Tnh ng suat tiep se phai xuat phat t viec giai he phng trnh
xay dng t ieu kien chap hai mep cac iem cat, hay goi la
he phng trnh hop kn.
Trng hp tong quat, he phng trnh hop kn nhieu ngan co
dang:


vV tr tam uon khong oi xng ca vi truc x va y xac nh tren

c s phan tch sau: Xet phan to tiet dien ds, khi chu lc cat Qy=
Ix th luong ng suat tiep se la Tx = Sxds

III. Tnh dam tiet dien hop chu xoan

Co 2 dang :
- Xoan t do
- Xoan kiem che
Xoan t do :
- Khong gay ra ng suat phap trong t/dien
- Dam chu mo men xoan phan bo eu tren suot chieu dai.
- ieu kien lien ket au cho phep t/dien co the chuyen v
t do.
Dam co t/dien ong va hop vuong, be day cac thanh mong
khong oi: khong thoa K tren van co xoan t do.
Xoan kiem che :
Co xuat hien ng suat phap tren t/dien
Cac iem chuyen v doc truc dam gay hien tng

venh.
Luat t/dien phang khong am bao.










Bai Giang Cau Thep

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Bai Giang Cau Thep

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Bai giang cau thep nang cao

BAI GIANG MON HOC

TS. LE TH BCH THUY

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 1

CHNG V: Tnh toan ket cau nhp lien hp do co ngot be tong

Bc 2 : Thi cong phan ban BTCT

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 3

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 4

Nh cac bien phap gay tao ng suat trc hoac ieu

II. PHAN LOAI KET CAU LIEN HP THEP BTCT.

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 5

Dang cau dam thep ac co ban mat cau BTCT lien hp c s

Cac dang khac : t c s dung.

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 6

II. KET CAU NHP THEP BTCT LIEN HP THONG THNG

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 7

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 8

Ket cau nhp lien tuc va hang:

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 9

Phan loai : Co the chia ra cac loai sau:

Ket cau dung cot thep cng o cao

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 10

- Khong can cau tao bo phan e ban va dam trt t do vi nhau.

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 11

Cac thanh phan noi lc:

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 12

Noi lc tong cong do dam chu : Mt + Mh F mot phan tnh tai

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 13

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 14

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 15

1.4. He so vt tai cua lc ST va ieu chnh S:

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 16

- khong phu thuoc vao ng suat keo hay nen.

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 17

III. TNH ANH HNG T BIEN CUA BE TONG VA EP XT CAC

3.1. Quan he gia bien dang va ng suat do t bien cua be

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 18

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 19

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 20

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 21

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 22

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 23

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 24

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 25

3.4.Tnh anh hng t bien va ep xt moi noi trong ket cau

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 26

Trnh t c lap lai en khi ket qua tng oi chnh xac.

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 27

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 28

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 29

DI TAC DUNG CUA TAI TRONG VA LC NG SUAT TRC

I.CAC TIEU CHUAN TRANG THAI GII HAN VE CNG O VA

Tnh toan se da tren 2 tr so gii han :

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 30

Trong ket cau BTCT lien hp thng be day ban be tong la

+ Trng hp B: Khi co cot thep doc chu lc va neu

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 31

+ sCF > 0 ng vi to hp at tai c xet.

II.CAC CONG THC KIEM TRA CNG O TIET DIEN THEP

Trc het xac nh ng suat nen trong be tong sC,sCF e xac

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 33

PGS.TS. Le Th Bch Thuy 34

Trong cac cong thc tren: