Abaqus for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Stephen King| SIMULIA

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 Agenda Overview

Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Applications of Abaqus capabilities
Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations
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Summary

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 Oil & Gas Geomechanics: Points to Consider

Is coupled pore fluid diffusion-stress analysis necessary?

Pointseffects
Are temperature to consider
important? for simulations
Which material model is appropriate?
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Is damage and failure modeling important?

Is contact modeling important?

What is the model scale? Does it involve multiple scales?

What is turnaround time for simulations?

What element types need to be used?

Are there proprietary material models or loads that need to be taken into account?

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 Coupled Pore Fluid Diffusion-Displacement

Fully coupled pore fluid-

displacement solutions
Pore fluid flow affects the deformations
and the deformations affect the pore fluid
flow
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No pore pressure effects

Fully drained Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &

S.Monaco , eni E&P

Pore pressure affects results Courtesy: MCS

but no fluid diffusion
Fully undrained

Coupled temperature-fluid
diffusion-displacement

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 Material Models

Nonlinear stress-strain behavior

Some
Irreversible factors
deformations that affect model choice
Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on strength
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Influence of hydrostatic pressure on stress-strain behavior

Influence of intermediate principal stress on strength
Shear stressing-dilatancy coupling
Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on volume changes
Hardening/softening related to volume changes
Stress path dependency
Effects of stress reversals
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 Material Models
Abaqus provides a wide range of material modelsYield surface

Elasticity models Shear

stress

Linear, isotropic
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Porous, isotropic (nonlinear) Pressure

Plasticity models
Open surface, pressure independent
(Mises)
Open surface, pressure dependent (Mohr-
Coulomb, Drucker-Prager)
Closed surface (Cam-clay, Drucker-
Prager with Cap)
Multisurface (jointed material)
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 Damage and Failure

Progressive damage
simulations
Range of damage initiation and
propagation criteria
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Cohesive elements
With or without pore pressures

Erosion
User-defined erosion criteria

Element failure and deletion

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 Advanced Contact Modeling Capabilities
Automatic contact detection and general contact
Soil-structure interactions
Lagrangian contact
Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian contact
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Range of friction models, including customized

models

Pore fluid contact

Maintain pore pressure continuity across an
interface or specify impermeable interfaces
Cohesive pore pressure elements

Ties and contact activation

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 Efficient Simulations at Various Scales
Reservoir analysis scaling
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High performance

Analysis time [hrs]

8 Direct
solutions 6
Iterative

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2.4M DOF
Parallel execution on clusters for both 2
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Abaqus/Standard and Explicit 0

High-performance direct and iterative 4 8
Cores
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solvers

Submodeling

Drive detailed simulations using global

results

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 Element Technology
Comprehensive element library
2D and 3D

Shells, beams, solids

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Special purpose elements

Cohesive elements
Infinite elements

Different shapes
Triangles and rectangles
Bricks and tetrahedrals

Different interpolation orders

First and second order

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 Extensions and Customization
User subroutines

User elements
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User materials

Proprietary failure criteria

User loads and boundary conditions

User friction models

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 Agenda Overview

Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Applications of Abaqus capabilities
Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations
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Summary

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 Ice Scouring
Application
Iceberg gouging of sea floor near buried
arctic oil pipelines

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

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Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to

capture ice-soil-structure interactions
accurately
Extensive nonlinear material modeling for
different types of soil.
General contact to easily setup all contact Courtesy: JP Kenny
interactions.
Scalable parallel performance on many
cores.

Benefits
Optimize required pipeline burial depth for
safe operations in the arctic ecosystem

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 Offshore Platforms

Application
Assess the integrity of spudcan foundations
taking into account installation procedure
and operational loads
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Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to
capture soil-structure interactions accurately
Extensive nonlinear material modeling for
different types of soil.
General contact to easily setup all contact
interactions.
Scalable parallel performance on many
cores.

Benefits
Improve stability of offshore structures

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 Sand Control

Application
Estimate erosion and sand production as a
function of hydrocarbon production
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Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

Adaptive meshing with advection
Solution mapping
User subroutines for user-defined erosion
criteria
Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement
solutions using coupled pore pressure-
displacement elements
Element failure and deletion capabilities

Benefits
Erosion of material (sand production) in an oil
Determine appropriate sand control techniques wellbore
with greater confidence
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 Sand Control
Application
Design and evaluate all aspects of Expandable Sand
Screens (ESS), from installation to operation in a
variety of applications/reservoir conditions.

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

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Most advanced FEA tool for realistic simulation

accounting for all nonlinearities
Geometry import from a variety of CAD tools and
formats
Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different
types of rock and soil
Sophisticated and yet very easy to use general
contact capabilities to handle even the most complex
contact conditions
Abaqus/Explicit for simulating nonlinear dynamic
events

Benefits Courtesy: Weatherford

Develop enhanced and new ESS designs with
substantial cost savings
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 Hydraulic Fracture
Application
Simulate effects of hydraulic fracture on
hydrocarbon production

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

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Special-purpose cohesive elements with pore

pressure degrees of freedom to model fractured
surface Hydraulically induced fracture near a
Specify tangential and normal flow well bore
Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement
procedure using coupled pore pressure-
displacement elements
Good library of material properties, together with
failure modeling
User subroutines for using advanced and/or
proprietary technology

Benefits
Assess value of hydraulic fracture and use
Potential of XFEM technology in the
appropriate fracing technology
future
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 Well Casings
Application
Design well casings taking into account
cyclic thermal loads and formation
movements
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Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

Coupled thermal-stress analysis
Material models for metals and soil
Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement
solutions
User-defined extensions

Benefits
Courtesy: C-FER
(SCC 2008)
Reduce casing failures especially for Cyclic
Steam Stimulation (CSS), Steam Assisted
Gravity Drainage (SAGD), and other
(thermal) secondary extraction methods
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 Agenda Overview

Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Applications of Abaqus capabilities
Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations
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Summary

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 Reservoir Geomechanics
Subsidence and compaction can affect production

The extraction of oil & gas from

underground reservoirs leads to a
reduction in pore fluid pressure
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This results in a redistribution of stress in

the rock formation
Can lead to ground subsidence
Can in turn affect the flow of oil & gas
within the reservoir
Geomechanics predictions of ground
deformation is needed to maximize oil &
gas extraction
Flow of oil & gas is simulated by
reservoir flow simulators, such as
Eclipse Courtesy: eni E&P
Abaqus is used for geomechanics

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 Reservoir Geomechanics
Application
Determine subsidence and compaction as a
function of hydrocarbon extraction

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

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Coupled pore pressure-displacement

solutions
Element technology
Library of soil material properties Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &
S.Monaco , eni E&P
Damage and failure modeling
User-defined extensions
Materials, elements, loads, etc.
Contact
Submodeling
High performance parallel execution

Benefits
Improve estimates of hydrocarbon production
and avoid well bore failures
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 Reservoir Geomechanics

Subsidence and Compaction

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 Reservoir Geomechanics

Subsidence and Compaction

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http://www.fesaus.org/webcast/2009/09/NewTechForum_10_Gmi/Member42942/
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 Available in
6.11*
Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics

Geological Flow Geomechanics Geomechanics Detailed

Flow Execution
Modeling Setup Setup Execution Geomechanics
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Collaborative R&D with ENI

Streamlined process for setting up reservoir geomechanics model in Abaqus

Create Abaqus models from Eclipse reservoir models
Use Eclipse results to drive Abaqus geomechanics simulations

* May need minor services engagement to tailor solution to customer workflow

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Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics
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Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics
 Coming soon

Integrated Reservoir Simulations

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SIMULIA-Baker Hughes partnership

Baker Hughes JewelSuite will provide an integrated reservoir modeling

environment that will fully support Abaqus technologies
Solution will also support coupled simulations between Abaqus and industry-
leading reservoir flow tools

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 Summary
Abaqus: Industry-leading oil & gas geomechanics capabilities

Strong geomechanics capabilities leveraging core

Abaqus strengths
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Contact, HPC, Fracture and Failure etc.

Accelerating investments for reservoir simulations
ENI (and other) customer engagements to address key needs
BakerHughes partnership for Integrated Reservoir Simulations
Dedicated R&D roadmap for Oil & Gas geomechanics to
continue further improvements

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