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MANUAL
FOR
SLOPES
Prepared by:
R.K.S. Chan
Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office
January 2011
12
Page
No.
TABLES 171
LIST OF TABLES 173
TABLES 175
FIGURES 201
LIST OF FIGURES 203
FIGURES 207
PLATES 273
LIST OF PLATES 275
PLATES 279
ADDENDUM 297
47
excessive.
Filter paper side drains should not be used in triaxial tests, because
they can lead to errors in strength measurement and are generally unnecessary
for the soils of Hong Kong. Membrane corrections must be made in the usual
way.
The strain rate for drained tests with pore pressure monitoring should
be such that the pore water pressure fluctuation is negligible, and in any case
the fluctuation should be no greater than 5% of the effective confining pressure.
For undrained tests, the rate should be selected so as to allow complete
equalisation of pore water pressure throughout the specimen. It is desirable
that the strain rate does not exceed 2% per hour.
For undrained tests, failure can be defined either as the maximum deviator
stress or as the maximum obliquity (1'/3'). For fully-drained tests, these
two criteria coincide.
For CD tests, the p'-q stress paths are of no significance. Actual volume
changes during drained tests should be measured throughout the shear process.
S = gradient of channel
Where a stepped channel crosses a berm, a hydraulic jump may form which
must be contained within the channel. The splash allowance provided for the
stepped channel may therefore be extended across the berm.
The tops of all channels should be flush with the slope surface
(Figure8.11). Where possible, an apron that drains towards the channel
132
Only load cells suitable for long-term monitoring of rockbolt and anchor
loads are considered in this Section.
China Light & Power Company Ltd. The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Website: http://www.clpgroup.com University Library System
Website: http://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/
ADDENDUM
298
[BLANK PAGE]
299
Readers should note that the following Chapters/Sections of this Manual have been
supplemented or superseded by later publications:
(a) Chapter 1 and Section 2.3.3 are superseded by the Geological Survey Maps and
Memoirs and Geoguide 3 (GCO, 1988), which should be read in conjunction
with GEO Publication No. 1/2007 (GEO, 2007a) and GEO Technical Guidance
Note (TGN) No. 10 (GEO, 2009a).
(b) Chapter 2 (except Section 2.3.3), Sections 3.5 and 10.2 are superseded by
Geoguide 2 (GCO, 1987), which should be read in conjunction with GEO TGN
Nos. 3 (GEO, 2004d), 5 (GEO, 2009b), 6 (GEO, 2004a) and 10 (GEO, 2009a).
(c) Section 4.6 is superseded by GEO Publication No. 1/93 (GEO, 1993a).
(e) Sections 5.2.2, 5.3.6, 5.5.1, 5.5.2, and 9.5 are supplemented by the Works
Bureau Technical Circular No. 13/99 (Works Bureau, 1999), which should be
read in conjunction with GEO TGN Nos. 7 (GEO, 2004b) and 15 (GEO, 2007b).
Section 5.2.4 is superseded by this Technical Circular, and Tables 5.1 to 5.4 are
superseded by Tables 1 to 4 of the same Technical Circular.
(f) Section 5.3 is supplemented by GEO Report No. 138 (Ng et al, 2003) and GEO
Publication No. 1/2007 (GEO, 2007a).
(h) Sections 5.5 and 9.5 are supplemented by GEO TGN No. 7 (GEO, 2004b).
(k) Chapter 7 (except the parts relevant to the design of remedial or preventive
works to existing gravity retaining walls as given in Section 7.3.3) is superseded
by Geoguide 1 (GEO, 1993b), GCO Publication No. 1/90 (GCO, 1990) and
GEO Circular No. 33 (GEO, 2004c).
(l) The last paragraph of Section 8.3.4 is superseded by GEO TGN No. 27
(GEO, 2006), and Figures 8.6 and 8.8 of this Manual have been updated.
(m) Sections 8.4, 9.6 and 11.4.2 are supplemented by GEO Publication No. 1/2000
(GEO, 2000) and GEO TGN No. 20 (GEO, 2007c).
(o) The addresses of organisations referred to in Section 12.5 have been updated.
300
(q) The Hong Kong Bibliography referred to in the Manual is the Bibliography
on Geology and Geotechnical Engineering of Hong Kong (Brand, 1984), the
updated version of which can be found at the Hong Kong Slope Safety website
on the Internet:
http://hkss.cedd.gov.hk/hkss/eng/education/bb_geology_gehk/lib_query.htm.
The Works Bureau Technical Circular referred to in (e) above, together with the latest
information on the list of GEO publications including the complete list of the series of Hong
Kong Geological Survey Maps and Memoirs, can be found at the following websites:
http://www.devb.gov.hk and http://www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/publications/geo/index.htm on the
Internet respectively.
Copies of the GEO Circular No. 33 referred to in (k) above can be obtained from the
Technical Secretary of the Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and
Development Department, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101 Princess
Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, (Tel: (852) 2762 5087, Fax:
(852) 2715 0501, E-mail: enquiry@cedd.gov.hk).
REFERENCES
(b) Geotechnical Control Office (1988). Guide to Rock and Soil Descriptions
(Geoguide 3), (Reprinted, 2000). Geotechnical Control Office, Hong Kong,
186 p.
(g) Geotechnical Engineering Office (2001). Model Specification for Soil Testing
(Geospec 3). Geotechnical Engineering Office, Hong Kong, 340 p.
301
(r) Geotechnical Engineering Office (2008). Guide to Soil Nail Design and
Construction (Geoguide 7). Geotechnical Engineering Office, Hong Kong,
97 p.
(v) Ng, K.C., Parry, S., King, J.P., Franks, C.A.M. & Shaw, R. (2003). Guidelines
for Natural Terrain Hazard Studies (GEO Report No. 138). Geotechnical
Engineering Office, Hong Kong, 138 p.