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2.23 The average on-state current for an SCR is 20 A for a resistive load. If an induct-
ance of 5 mH is included in the load, then average on-state current would be
(a) more than 20 A (b) less than 20 A
(c) 15 A (d) 20 A
2.24 In a thyristor, anode current is made up of
(a) electrons only (b) electrons or holes
(c) electron and holes (d) none of these
2.25 When a thyristor gets turned ON, the gate drive
(a) should not be removed as it will turn-off the SCR
(b) may or may not be removed
(c) should be removed
(d) should be removed in order to avoid increased losses and higher junction
temperature
2.26 The forward voltage drop during SCR-on state is 1.5 V. This voltage drop
(a) remains constant and its independent of load current
(b) increases lightly with load current
(c) decreases slightly with load current
(d) varies linearly with load current
2.27 A thyristor can be termed as
(a) dc switch (b) AC switch
(c) both A or B are correct (d) square-wave switch
2.28 On-state voltage drop across a thyristor used in a 250 V supply system is of the
order of
(a) 100-110 V (b) 240-250 V
(c) 1-1.5 V (d) None of these
2.29 In a thyristor, ratio of latching current to holding current is
(a) 0.4 (b) 1.0
(c) 2.5 (d) None of these
2.30 Gate characteristics of a thyristor
(a) is a straight line passing through the origin
(b) is of the type, V V = a + b. IV
(c) is a curve between V g and Ig
(d) has a spread between two curves of V g = Ig.
2.31 In an SCR, anode current flows over a narrow region near the gate during
(a) delay time d (b) rise time tr and spread time tp
(c) td and tp (d) td and tr
2.32 Turn-on time for an SCR is 10 msec. If an inductance is inserted in the anode
circuit, then the turn-on time will be
(a) 10 msec (b) less than 10 msec
(c) more than 10 msec (d) about 10 msec
2.33 Turn-off time of an SCR is measured from the instant
(a) anode current becomes zero
(b) anode voltage becomes zero
(c) anode current and anode voltage become zero at the same time
(d) gate current becomes zero.
2.34 A forward voltage can be applied to an SCR after its
(a) anode current reduces to zero (b) gate recovery time
(c) reverse recovery time (d) anode voltage reduces to zero
2.35 For an SCR, with turn-on time of 5 msec, an ideal trigger pulse should have
(a) short rise time with pulse width = 3 msec.
(b) long rise time with pulse width = 6 msec.
(c) short rise time with pulse width = 6 msec.
(d) long rise time with pulse-width = 3 msec.
2.36 Turn-on time of an SCR in series with R L circuit can be reduced by
(a) increasing circuit resistance R
(b) decreasing R
(c) increasing circuit inductance
(d) decreasing L
2.37 Turn-on time of an SCR can be reduced by using a
(a) rectangular pulse of high amplitude and narrow width
(b) rectangular pulse of low amplitude and wide width
(c) triangular pulse
(d) trapezoidal pulse
2.38 Specification sheet for an SCR gives its maximum rms-on-state current as 35 A.
This rms rating for a conduction angle of 120 would be
(a) more than 35 A (b) less than 35 A
(c) 35 A (d) None of these
2.39 Surge current rating of an SCR specifies the maximum
(a) repetitive current with sine wave
(b) non-repetitive current with
rectangular wave
(c) non-repetitive current with sine wave
(d) repetitive current with rectangular
wave
2.40 In the circuit given below, the function of
the transistor is
(a) to provide control signal to trigger
SCR
(b) to make SCR-ON
(c) to make SCR-OFF
(d) to amplify anode-current
2.41 In a thyristor, the magnitude of the anode-current will
(a) increase if gate-current is increased
(b) decrease if gate current is decreased
(c) increase if gate-current is decreased
(d) not change with any variation in gate current
2.42 An SCR does not conduct for a certain value of load resistance. In order to make
it ON, it is necessary to
(a) decrease the load resistance (b) increase the resistance
(c) increase the gate-pulse (d) none of these
2.43 Most SCRs can be turned-off by voltage reversal during negative half-cycle of
the ac supply for
(a) all frequencies (b) frequencies upto 300 Hz
(c) frequencies upto 30 kHz (d) frequencies upto 300 kHz
2.44 In circuit given below, in order to make a conducting SCR off, it is necessary to
(a) make other SCR-off
(b) make other SCR-ON
(c) reverse the polarity of the applied voltage
(d) remove the gate-current of conducting SCR
(c) T 2 is negative and there is the current pulse out of the gate
(d) Either T 1 or T 2 is positive and there a current pulse out of the gate
5.4 As compared to UJT, SUS
(a) triggers only in one direction
(b) does not have negative resistance characteristics
(c) needs definate polarity of the applied voltage
(d) triggers only at one particular voltage
5.5 In its application, an SUS behaves in the same way as
(a) UJT (b) SCR
(c) tunnel diode (d) none of these
5.6 Which of the following PNPN devices has two gates?
(a) Triac (b) SCS
(c) SUS (d) Diac
5.7 Which of the following PNPN devices has a terminal for synchronising
purpose?
(a) SCS (b) Triac
(c) Diac (d) SUS
5.8 Which of the following devices is a three layer device?
(a) SCS (b) SUS
(c) Triac (d) Diac
5.9 Which of the following methods will turn SCS off?
(a) Applying negative pulse to the anode
(b) Applying a positive pulse to the anode gate
(c) Applying negative pulse to the cathode gate
(d) All of these
5.10 Which of the following PNPN devices does not have a gate terminal?
(a) triac (b) SCS
(c) SUS (d) Complementary SCR
5.11 In a GTO, anode current begins to fall when gate current
(a) is negative peak at time t = 0
(b) is negative peak at time t = storage time ts
(c) just begins to become negative at t = 0
(d) none of these
5.12 The device which cannot be triggered by voltage of either polarity is
(a) Diac (b) Triac
(c) Schottkey diode (d) SUS
5.13 A triac and SCR are compared
(a) Both are unidirectional devices
(b) Triac requires more current for turn-on than SCR at a particular voltage
(c) Triac has less time for turn-off than SCR
(d) Both are available with comparable voltage and current ratings
5.14 The uncontrolled electronic switch employed in power-electronic converters is
(a) thyristor (b) bipolar junction transistor
(c) diode (d) MOSFET
5.15 Which semiconductor power device out of the following is not a current trig-
gered device?
(a) Thyristor (b) GTO
(c) Triac (d) MOSFET
6.2 A single phase one-pulse controlled circuit has resistance and counter emf
load and 400 sin 314 t volt as the source voltage. For a load counter emf of
200 V, the range of firing angle control is
(a) 30 to 150 (b) 60 to 180 (c) 60 to 120 (d) 30 to 180
6.3 A single phase full-wave mid-point thyristor converter uses a 230/200 V
transformer with centre tap on the secondary side. The P.I.V. per thyristor is
(a) 100 V (b) 141.4 V (c) 200 V (d) 282.8 V
6.4 In a single phase full converter bridge the output voltage is given by
p +a p +a
1 1
(a) V m cos q dq (b) V m cos q dq
p a
p 0
a + (p / 2) a + (p / 2)
1 1
(c) V m cos q dq (d) V m cos q dq
p a - (p / 2)
2p a - (p / 2)
6.5 In a single-phase semiconverter, the average output voltage is given by
p (p / 2) + a
1 1
(a) V m cos q dq (b) V m cos q dq
p a
p (p / 2) - a
a + (p / 2) p
1 1
(c) V m cos q dq (d) V m cos q dq
p a - (p / 2)
p a - (p / 2)
6.6 For continuous conduction, in a single-phase full converter each pair of SCRs
conducts for
(a) (p a) radians (b) p-radians (c) a-radians (d) (p + a) radians
6.7 For discontinuous load current and extinction angle b > p radians, in a single-
phase full converter, each SCR conducts for
(a) a radians (b) (b a) radians (c) b radians (d) (a + b) radians
6.8 In a single-phase full converter, if a and b are firing and extinction angles
respectively, then the load current is discontinuous if
(a) (b a) < p (b) (b a) > p (c) (b a) = p (d) (b a) = 3p/2
6.9 In a single phase converter with discontinuous conduction and extinction
angle b > p, freewheeling diode conducts for
(a) a (b) b p (c) p + a (d) b
6.10 In a single-phase converter with discontinuous conduction and extinction
angle b < p, the freewheeling diode conducts for
(a) a (b) p b (c) b p (d) zero degree
6.11 In a single-phase semiconverter, for discontinuous conduction and extinction
angle b < p, each SCR conducts for
(a) a (b) b (c) p a (d) b a
6.12 In a single-phase semiconverter, for discontinuous conduction and extinction
angle b > p, each SCR conducts for
(a) p a (b) b p (c) a (d) b
6.13 A freewheeling diode is placed across the dc load
(a) to prevent reversal of load voltage
(b) to permit transfer of load current away from the source
(c) both (a) and (b) above
(d) none of the above
6.14 In a single-phase full converter, if output voltage has peak and average values
of 325 V and 133 V respectively, then the firing angle is
(a) 40 (b) 50 (c) 70 (d) 130
6.15 A converter which can operate in both 3-phase and 6-phase modes is a
(a) 6-phase semiconverter (b) 6-phase full-converter
(c) 3-phase semiconverter (d) 3-phase full-converter
6.16 In a 3-phase semiconverter, for firing angle less than or equal to 60, free-
wheeling diode conducts for
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 0
6.17 In a 3-phase semiconverter, for firing angle equal to 120 and extinction angle
equal to 110, freewheeling diode conducts for
(a) 10 (b) 30 (c) 50 (d) 70
6.18 In a three-phase semiconverter, the three-SCRs are triggered at intervals of
(a) 60 (b) 90 (c) 120 (d) 150
6.19 In a three-phase full converter, the six SCRs are fired at intervals of
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 120
6.20 The frequency of the ripple in the output voltage of a 3-phase semiconverter
depends upon
(a) firing angle and load resistance
(b) firing angle and supply frequency
(c) firing angle and load inductance
(d) only on load circuit parameters
6.21 In a 3-phase full-converter, if the load-current is I and ripple-free, then the
average thyristor current is
(a) I/2 (b) I/3 (c) I/4 (d) I/5
6.22 In a single-phase full-converter, if the load current is I and ripple-free, then the
average thyristor current is
(a) I/2 (b) I/3 (c) I/4 (d) I/5
6.23 In a single-phase full-converter, the number of SCRs conducting during overlap
is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
6.24 In a 3-phase full-converter, the output voltage is at a frequency equal to
(a) supply frequency f (b) 2f
(c) 3f (d) 6f
6.25 Which of the following 3-phase ac to dc converter requires neutral point
connection?
(a) 3-phase semiconductor (b) 3-phase full-converter
(c) 3-phase halfwave converter (d) 3-phase converter with diodes
6.26 The frequency of ripple in the output voltage of a three-phase half controlled
bridge rectifier depends on the
(a) firing angle (b) load inductance
(c) load resistance (d) supply frequency
6.27 A half-wave SCR controlled circuit with RL 50 W conducts for 90 for an applied
voltage of 800 V sinusoidal rms. If the SCR voltage drop is negligible, the
power dissipated by the load is
(a) 1800 W (b) 81 W (c) 52.36 W (d) 0 W
Explanation:
Em
Iav = [1 + cos a)]
2p R
2 (200)
100 = [1 + cos a]
2 p (0.01)
\ a = 167.9
The maximum conduction angle is p since freewheeling diode is available.
Therefore, SCR is gated in the positive half cycle of e at a delay angle a equal
to 168.
6.43 Referring to the Fig. MCQ. 6.43, the type of the load is (a) inductive load (b)
resistive load (c) dc motor (d) capacitive load. (G 94)
Chapter 8: Choppers
8.1 In dc choppers, if T on is the on-period and f is the chopping frequency, then
output voltage in terms of the input voltage V s is given by
(a) V s T on/f (b) V s f/T on (c) V s/(f/Ton) (d) V s f, T on
8.2 In dc choppers, the waveforms for input and output voltages are respectively
(a) discontinuous, continuous (b) continuous, discontinuous
(c) both continuous (d) both discontinuous
8.3 In dc choppers, per unit ripple is maximum when duty cycle a is
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.7 (d) 0.8
8.4 A step-up chopper has V s as the source voltage and a as the duty cycle. The
output voltage for this chopper is given by
(a) V s (1 + a) (b) V s /(1 a) (c) V s (1 a) (d) V s /(1 + a)
8.5 In dc choppers, if T is the chopping period, then the output voltage can be
controlled by PWM by varying
(a) T keeping T on constant (b) T on, keeping T constant
(c) T keeping T off constant (d) T off keeping T constant
8.6 In dc choppers, for periodic time T, the output voltage can be controlled by FM
by varying
(a) T keeping T on constant (b) T on keeping T constant
(c) T off keeping T constant (d) T keeping T off constant
8.7 For type A chopper, V s is the source voltage, R is the load resistance and a is
the duty cycle. Average output voltage of this chopper is
(a) a V s (b) (1 a) V s (c) V s /a (d) V s /(1 a)
8.8 If the chopper frequency is 200 Hz and ton time is 2 ms, the duty cycle is
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.8 (c) 0.6 (d) none of these
Chapter 9: Inverters
9.1 A single phase voltage-source-square wave inverter feeds pure inductive load.
The waveform of the load current will be
(a) sinusoidal (b) rectangular (c) trapezoidal (d) triangular
9.2 Inverter gain is given by the ratio
dc ouput voltage ac o/p voltage
(a) (b)
ac input voltage ac input voltage
dc o/p voltage ac o/p voltage
(c) (d)
ac I/P voltage dc I/P voltage
9.3 A PWM switching scheme is used with a three phase inverter to
(a) reduce the total harmonic distortion with modest filtering
(b) minimize the load on DC side
(c) increase the life of the batteries
(d) reduce low order harmonics and increase high order harmonics
9.4 Figure P.9.4(a) shows an inverter circuit with a dc source voltage V s. The
semiconductor switches of the inverter are operated in such a manner that the
pole voltages V10 and V20 are shown in Fig. P.9.4(b). What is the rms value of
the pole-to-pole voltage V12?
Vs f f f Vs
(a) (b) Vs (c) Vs (d)
p 2 p 2p p
Fig. P.9.4
9.5 A single-phase full-bridge voltage-source inverter feels a purely inductive load,
as shown where T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 are power transistors and D1, D2, D3, D4 are
feedback diodes. The inverter is operated in square-wave mode with a frequency
of 50 Hz. If the average load current is zero, what is the time duration of
conduction of each feedback diode in a cycle?
(a) 5 msec (b) 10 msec (c) 20 msec (d) 2.5 msec
Fig. P.9.5
Fig. P.9.8
9.9 In the above circuit, if SCR1 is ON and then SCR1 is fired, the anode voltage of
SCR1 will become nearly equal to
(a) + V dc (b) V dc (c) 12 V (d) zero
9.10 In the above circuit, if SCR1 is ON the capacitor C will
(a) charge with terminal 2 as positive
(b) charge with terminal 1 as positive
(c) not charge at all unless SCR2 is also turned ON
(d) make SCR2 ON.
Fig. P.9.12
9.13 In Fig. P.9.12 the switching frequency of firing the six SCRs should be
(a) same as the desired O/P frequency
(b) three times the O/P frequency
(c) five times the O/P frequency
(d) ten times the O/P frequency
9.14 In Fig. P.9.12, the number of SCRs conducting at a time in one cycle is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
9.15 If, for a single phase half-bridge inverter, the amplitude of output voltage is Vs
and the output power is p, then their corresponding values for a single-phase
full bridge inverter are
(a) V s p (b) V s /2, p/2 (c) 2V s, 2p (d) None of these
9.16 In voltage source inverters
(a) load voltage waveform V 0 depends on load impedance Z, whereas load
current waveform i0 does not depend on Z
(b) both V 0 and i0 depend on Z
(c) V 0 does not depend on Z whereas i0 depends on Z
(d) none of these
9.17 A single phase full-bridge inverter can operate in load commutation mode in
case load consists of
(a) RLC overdamped (b) RLC underdamped
(c) RLC critically damped (d) None of these
9.18 A single phase bridge inverter delivers power to series connected RLC load
with R = 2 ohm, wL = 8 ohm. For this inverter load combination, load commutation
is possible in case the magnitude of 1/WC in ohms is
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) zero
9.19 The single pulse modulation of PWM inverters, third harmonic can be eliminated
if pulse width is equal to
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 120 (d) None of these
9.20 In single-pulse modulation of PWM inverters fifth harmonic can be eliminated
if pulse-width is equal to
(a) 30 (b) 72 (c) 36 (d) 108
9.21 In single-pulse modulation of PWM inverters, the pulse width is 120. For an
input voltage of 220 V dc, the rms value of the output voltage is
(a) 179.63 V (b) 254.04 V (c) 127.02 V (d) None of these
9.22 A voltage source inverter is normally employed when
(a) source inductance is large and load inductance is small
(b) source inductance is small and load inductance is small
(c) both source and load inductance are small
(d) both source and load inductances are large
9.23 In resonant pulse inverters
(a) dc output voltage variation is wide
(b) the frequency is low
(c) output voltage is never sinusoidal
(d) dc saturation of transformer core is minimised
9.24 In multiple-pulse modulation used in PWM inverters, the amplitudes of reference
square-wave and triangular carrier wave are respectively 1 V and 2 V. For
generating 5 pulses per half-cycle, the pulse width should be
(a) 36 (b) 24 (c) 18 (d) 12
9.25 In sinusoidal-pulse modulation, used in PWM inverters amplitude and frequency
for triangular carrier and sinusoidal reference signals are respectively 5 V, 1 kHz
and 1 V, 50 Hz. If zeros of the triangular carrier and reference sinusoid coincide,
then the modulation index and order of significant harmonics are respectively
(a) 0.2, 9 and 11 (b) 0.4, 9 and 11
(c) 0.2, 17, and 19 (d) None of these
9.26 Which of the following statements is correct in connection with inverters
(a) voltage source inverter and current source inverter, both require feedback
diode
(b) only current source inverter requires feedback diodes
(c) GTOs can be used in current source inverter
(d) only VSI requires feedback diodes
9.27 In a constant source inverter, if frequency of output voltage is f Hz, then frequency
of voltage input to constant source inverter is
(a) f (b) 2f (c) 3f (d) 4f
9.28 In an inverter with fundamental output frequency of 50 Hz, if third harmonic is
eliminated, then frequencies of other components in the output voltage wave,
in Hz, would be
(a) 250, 350, 500, high frequencies (b) 50, 250, 350, 500
(c) 50, 50, 350, 550 (d) None of these
9.29 A single-phase CSI has capacitor C as the load. For the constant source current,
the voltage across the capacitor is
(a) square-wave (b) triangular wave
(c) step function (d) none of these
9.30 In sinusoidal PWM, there are m cycles of the triangular carrier wave in the
half-cycle of the reference sinusoidal signal. If zero of the reference sinusoid
coincides with zero/peak of the triangular carrier waves then number of pulses
generated in each half-cycle are respectively
(a) (m 1)/m (b) (m 1)/(m 1) (c) m/m (d) none of these
9.31 Triangular PWM control when applied to three-phase, BJT based voltage source
inverter, introduces
(a) low order harmonic voltages on dc side
(b) very high order harmonic voltages on dc side
(c) low order harmonic voltages on ac side
(d) very high order harmonic voltages on ac side
p p 3p 3p
(c) V 0(max) = cos V s(max) (d) V 0(max) = sin V s(max)
p p p p
10.6 For P-pulse cycloconverter, when the output voltage is reduced in magnitude
by firing delay a , then
p p p p
(a) V 0(max) = sin V s(max) cos a (b) V 0(max) = cos V s(max) sin a
p p p p
2p 2p 2p 2p
(c) V 0(max) = sin V s(max) cos a (d) V 0(max) = cos V s(max) sin a
p p p p
(Vs tr + Eb to ) (Vs tr + Eb [t f + to ])
(c) (d)
(tr + t f + to) (t r + t f + t o )
14.11 Armature voltage of a dc motor can be controlled by means of
(a) cycloconverters (b) inverters
(c) ACDC converters
(d) Bridge rectifier circuit with fixed input
14.12 The speed of a dc shunt motor above normal speed can be controlled by
(a) armature voltage control method
(b) flux control method
(c) both the methods
(d) none of these
14.13 For controlling the speed of dc motor of 150 hp rating, the following types of
converters are normally used
(a) single-phase full converters
(b) single-phase dual converters
(c) three-phase full converters
(d) three-phase dual converters
14.14 A motor armature supplied through phase-controlled SCRs receives a smoother
voltage shape at
(a) high motor speed (b) low motor speeds
(c) rated normal motor speeds (d) none of these
14.15 A dc chopper circuit controls the average voltage across the dc motor by
(a) controlling the input voltage
(b) controlling the field current
(c) controlling the line current
(d) continuously switching-ON and OFF the motor for fixed durations of tON
and tOFF respectively.
14.16 The advantage of tachometer speed control method for dc motors is that, it
senses
(a) back emf
(b) armature current
(c) armature voltage
(d) speed
Fig. Q.15.7
ANSWERS TO MCQS
Chapter-2
2.1 (a) 2.2 (d) 2.3 (c) 2.4 (d)
2.5 (c) 2.6 (b) 2.7 (d) 2.8 (d)
2.9 (b)
2.10 (c) Hint: The turn-off time is temperature dependent and doubles
between 25C and 125C.
2.11 (b) 2.12 (b) 2.13 (b) 2.14 (b, c)
2.15 (a) 2.16 (b, c) 2.17 (a)
1
[Hint: Pulse Repetition Rate (PRR) = = 0.4 ms = 400 ms
25 103
400
Mark/space ratio = 1/10, Pulse/width = = 36.4 msec. SCR will turn-on if the pulse-
11
width is more than SCR turn-on-time]
rms current
2.18 (b) Hint: Form factor =
average current
2.19 (b) 2.20 (b, d) 2.21 (a)
Chapter-3
3.1 (a) 3.2 (b) 3.3 (a) 3.4 (a)
3.5 (c) 3.6 (c) 3.7 (c) 3.8 (d)
3.9 (a) 3.10 (a) 3.11 (c) 3.12 (b)
3.13 (d) 3.14 (a)
Chapter-4
4.1 (b) 4.2 (c) 4.3 (a) 4.4 (c)
4.5 (c) 4.6 (b) 4.7 (d) 4.8 (a)
4.9 (b) 4.10 (a)
Chapter-5
5.1 (b) 5.2 (a) 5.3 (c) 5.4 (d)
5.5 (a) 5.6 (b) 5.7 (d) 5.8 (d)
5.9 (d) 5.10 (c) 5.11 (b) 5.12 (d)
5.13 (b) 5.14 (c) 5.15 (d) 5.16 (c)
5.17 (a) 5.18 (a) 5.19 (c) 5.20 (c)
5.21 (c) 5.22 (d) 5.23 (b) 5.24 (c)
5.25 (a) 5.26 (c) 5.27 (b) 5.28 (c)
5.29 (d) 5.30 (c) 5.31 (a) 5.32 (d)
5.33 (b) 5.34 (c) 5.35 (c) 5.36 (a)
5.37 (b) 5.38 (c) 5.39 (a) 5.40 (c)
5.41 (b) 5.42 (a) 5.43 (b and a) 5.44 (b)
5.45 (b) 5.46 (a) 5.47 (b) 5.48 (c)
5.49 (b) 5.50 (a) 5.51 (c) 5.52 (c)
5.53 (a) 5.54 (a) 5.55 (b) 5.56 (a)
5.57 (b) 5.58 (b) 5.59 (b)
Chapter-6
6.1 (b) 6.2 (a) 6.3 (d) 6.4 (a)
6.5 (a) 6.6 (b) 6.7 (b) 6.8 (a)
6.9 (b) 6.10 (d) 6.11 (d) 6.12 (a)
6.13 (c) 6.14 (b) 6.15 (c) 6.16 (d)
6.17 (c) 6.18 (c) 6.19 (c) 6.20 (b)
6.21 (b) 6.22 (c) 6.23 (d) 6.24 (d)
Chapter-8
8.1 (a) 8.2 (b) 8.3 (c) 8.4 (b)
8.5 (b) 8.6 (a) 8.7 (a) 8.8 (a)
8.9 (a) 8.10 (a) 8.11 (a) 8.12 (b)
50
Solution: Peak current = Io + V s C / L = 100 + 200 = 382.8 A
25
Effective-on period = p LC
E Ton T
Solution: Load voltage Eo = = E on = E F T on
Ton + Toff T
There are two ways to vary load voltage E0, either by changing f or T on.
Here frequency is fixed and T on is varied. As the frequency is kept constant,
ripple remains constant
8.16 (d) 8.17 (a) 8.18 (c) 8.19 (a)
8.20 (a) 8.21 (a) 8.22 (c) 8.23 (a)
8.24 (a) 8.25 (b) 8.26 (c) 8.27 (a)
8.28 (b) 8.29 (a) 8.30 (b)
Chapter-9
9.1 (d) 9.2 (d) 9.3 (d) 9.4 (b)
9.5 (d) 9.6 (d) 9.7 (c) 9.8 (c)
9.9 (b) 9.10 (a) 9.11 (b) 9.12 (b)
9.13 (c) 9.14 (a) 9.15 (c) 9.16 (c)
9.17 (b) 9.18 (a) 9.19 (c) 9.20 (b)
9.21 (a) 9.22 (b) 9.23 (d) 9.24 (c)
9.25 (c) 9.26 (d) 9.27 (b) 9.28 (c)
9.29 (b) 9.30 (a) 9.31 (d)
Chapter-10
10.1 (d) 10.2 (a) 10.3 (d) 10.4 (a)
10.5 (a) 10.6 (a) 10.7 (a)
Chapter-11
11.1 (b) 11.2 (a) 11.3 (d) 11.4 (a)
11.5 (d)
Chapter-12
12.1 (d) 12.2 (b) 12.3 (d) 12.4 (a)
12.5 (a) 12.6 (b) 12.7 (a) 12.8 (a)
12.9 (a) 12.10 (a) 12.11 (c) 12.12 (b)
12.13 (c) 12.14 (c) 12.15 (b)
Chapter-13
13.1 (d) 13.2 (d) 13.3 (c)
di E
13.4 (a, c) Hint = = m A/sec
dt max L
13.5 (a) 13.6 (b) 13.7 (b) 13.8 (c)
13.9 (c) 13.10 AR, BP, CS, DQ
13.11 (d)
Explanation: Temp. of device body = T D = PD q D + T A
where qD = thermal resistance
Pd = Power dissipated
T A = ambient temp.
TD - T A
\ qD = , i.e. answer (d)
Pd
13.12 (d) 13.13 (a) 13.14 (a) 13.15 (a)
13.16 (a) 13.17 (a) 13.18 (b) 13.19 (d)
13.20 (c) 13.21 (c) 13.22 (c)
Chapter-14
14.1 (a) 14.2 (a) 14.3 (c) 14.4 (c)
14.5 (c) 14.6 (b) 14.7 (c) 14.8 (c)
14.9 (d) 14.10 (c) 14.11 (c) 14.12 (b)
14.13 (c) 14.14 (a) 14.15 (d) 14.16 (d)
Chapter-15
15.1 (a) 15.2 (c) 15.3 (b) 15.4 (a)
15.5 (d) 15.6 (b) 15.7 (a) 15.8 (b)
15.9 (a) 15.10 (b) 15.11 (b) 15.12 (a)
15.13 (a) 15.14 (c)
Chapter-16
16.1 (b) 16.2 (c) 16.3 (a) 16.4 (c)
16.5 (b) 16.6 (c) 16.7 (c) 16.8 (c)
16.9 (c) 16.10 (c) 16.11 (b) 16.12 (d)
16.13 (c) 16.14 (a) 16.15 (d) 16.16 (c)
16.17 (d) 16.18 (d) 16.19 (a) 16.20 (d)