MCE4532: Lab/Tutorial Session II and III: Use graph papers and appropriate

formulas wherever applicable. Must submit at end of the class. Use both sides of the
paper. Write legibly (clearly).
1. The following table lists 17 measurements of the burst strength of a rocker motor
chamber.
Table 1
15.30 17.10 16.30 16.1 16.20
17.10 17.50 16.10 0
17.50 16.50 16.40 16.0
16.60 16.75 16.05 0
16.7
5
16.0
0

i. Compute the order statistics.

ii. Make a horizontal bar chart.
iii. Make a dot plot and describe the shape of the distribution as belonging to one of
the following types: symmetric, skewed left or skewed right.
iv. What percentage of values are less than or equal to 16.10? Greater than or equal to
16.10?
v. Draw the graph of empirical distribution function Fn ( x).
2. The radiation emitted by 42 microwave ovens are tabled below:
Table 2
0.15 0.09 0.18 0.10 0.05 0.12 0.08
0.05 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.10
0.10 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.01 0.40 0.10
0.05 0.03 0.05 0.15 0.10 0.15 0.09
0.08 0.18 0.10 0.20 0.11 0.30 0.02
0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.05
Naturally you want to see data distribution is symmetrical about a single well-defined
peak. But this data are skewed. So you can transform the data by means of an
appropriate mathematical function y g (x) , where y means a given data (above table).
If you apply the following function,
x 1
............. for 0
g ( x)
iny.................. 0

This function can produce a distribution that is more nearly symmetric for well-chosen
. Suppose 0.25 is a good choice.
i. Prepare a transformed data table.
ii. Make an ordered stem-and-leaf plot of the new data.
iii. Draw the histogram of the new data using the class marks -2.7, -2.4, -2.1, -1.8, -
1.5, -1.2, -0.9 and class width 0.30. compare the histogram for the transformed
data with the histogram for the original data set. Is the distribution of the
transformed data symmetrical or nearly so?
3. Use the data table given below:
Table 3
 Height Weight
55.7 85
48.9 59
54.9 70
53.6 88
53.4 68
59.9 93
53.1 72
52.2 84
56.8 68
49.0 76
51.9 51
55.7 59
53.4 78
50.3 73
55.8 60
55.2 70
58.8 78
53.6 106
53.3 76
49.9 64
53.8 50
53.9 56
53.1 68
56.1 68
51.7 64
48.0 56
51.3 64
50.5 58
57.3 60
52.8 79
51.3 64
50.5 56
57.3 56
52.8 50
51.3 89
50.1 65
48.7 75
57.7 65
54.8 57
i. Is this data univariate or multivariate?
ii. Group data of each column into certain classes and prepare tables on frequency,
cumulative frequency, relative-frequency in percentage and cumulative
percentage. Show the frequency distributions in horizontal bars (x-axis for
frequency and y-axis for data class).
iii. Is there any correlation between height and weight?
iv. How do dot plots on individual data values look like?
 v. Prepare box plots on each item. Is the any outliers?

4. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are believed to be associated with the phenomenon of
global warming. The following data comes from a sample consisting of the 20 countries
with highest CO2 emissions in certain year.
Table 4
Country Emissions Emissions/capita GNP/capita Emissions/GNP
USA 1,328.3 5.37 18,529 2.8
Russia 1,038.2 3.62 8,375 4.3
China 651.9 0.59 294 19.0
Japan 284.0 2.31 15,764 1.3
India 177.9 0.21 311 6.1
FRG 175.1 2.86 14,399 2.1
UK 155.1 2.70 10,419 2.6
Canada 124.3 4.73 15,160 2.9
Poland 120.3 3.15 1,926 17.6
Italy 106.4 1.86 10,355 1.7
France 97.5 1.74 12,789 1.4
GDR 88.1 5.40 11,300 4.9
Mexico 87.3 1.01 1,825 5.4
SA 76.0 2.20 1,870 12.5
Australia 70.3 4.22 11,103 3.6
Cze 61.8 3.95 9,280 4.5
republic 60.3 1.42 2,689 4.4
ROK 57.9 2.50 6,030 4.2
Rumania 56.5 0.38 2,021 1.9
Brazil 55.5 1.42 5,972 2.1
Spain
The countries are ranked/listed according to the decreasing order of values in column 2.
i. Rank the countries according to the variable in columns 3 and 5. Compare the rank
of some countries major in respective data.
ii. How would you explain the differences in the rankings of the various countries
according to the variables in columns 3 and 5, respectively?

5. Write the terms in each of the following indicated sums:

5 5 5 5
i. (x
i 1
i 2) 2 ii. x (x
i 1
i i 2) 2 iii. 2 y (x
i 1
i i 2) 2 iv. (x
i 1
3
i 2)

6. Express each of the following by using the summation notation:

i. ( x1 2) 2 + ( x 2 2) 2 ( x3 2) 2 ( x 4 2) 2
ii. g1 ( x1 2) 2 g 2 ( x2 2) 2 ... g10 ( x10 2) 2
iii. (2 x1 3 y1 ) (2 x 2 3 y 2 ) ... (2 x n 3 y n )
f 1 x12 f 2 x 22 ... f 9 x92
iv.
f 1 f 9 ... f 9
7. Use the data in Table 2 and having done all that for problem 2, find the following (use the
appropriate formulas):
i. Arithmetic mean, median and mode
ii. Locate them in histogram and cumulative relative frequency (5) plot.
 iii. Range, IQR, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation
iv. Percentage of observations above the 75th percentile.

Case study
Collect data from a lab exercise/experiment or from a real-life situation. Prepare a data table
and name the heading of each column and/or row (whichever appropriate).
i. Classify the data as either qualitative or quantitative; if quantitative, further classify
it as discrete or continuous. Also identify the variable under consideration in each
case.
ii. Use grouping technique to organize the quantitative data into frequency, relative
frequency distributions. Use a suitable/proper class width.
iii. Construct frequency and relative frequency histograms of the quantitative data
based on your grouping in part (ii).
iv. Identify and interpret the shape of your histograms in part (iii).
v. Truncate the necessary data/values to whole number and then obtain a stem-and-
leaf diagram of the resulting data.
vi. Round the data (wherever applicable) to a whole number, and then obtain a stem-
and-leaf diagram of the resulting data.
vii. Which of stem-and-leaf diagrams in parts (v) and (vi) corresponds to the frequency
histogram in part (iii). Explain why?
viii. Round the data (wherever applicable) to a whole number, and then obtain dot plot
of the resulting data.
8.