Form 4: Chapter 1 (Functions)

SPM Practice
Fully Worked Solutions

Paper 1

1 Based on the given ordered pairs {(2, 1), (4, 3), (a) The range is {3, 7}.
(6, 5), (6, 7)}, an arrow diagram can be drawn as
shown below.
3 and 7 are linked to object(s) but 5
Q and 11 are not linked to any object.
Therefore, the range is {3, 7}.
P
1
(b) The above relation is a many-to-one
2 3 relation.
4 5
Element 7 in the codomain is
6 7 linked to two elements, i.e. 28
and 49 in the domain. Therefore,
9 it is a many-to-one relation.

(a) The image of 2 is 1.

4 h : x 2x + m
(b) The object of 7 is 6.
h(x) = 2x + m
Let h1(x) = y
2 (a) Let g1(7) = y h(y) = x
Thus, g(y) = 7 2y + m = x
4y 1 = 7 xm
4y = 8 y=
2
y=2 xm x m
g1(7) = 2 h (x) =
1
=
2 2 2
3
(b) hg(x) But it is given that h1(x) = 3kx + .
2
= h(4x 1) Hence, by comparison,
= (4x 1)2 3(4x 1) + 5 1 1
= 16x 2 8x + 1 12x + 3 + 5 3k = k = and
2 6
= 16x 2 20x + 9 m 3
= m = 3.
2 2
3 Set P Set Q

9 5 (a) hg(x) = 6x 2
3 h[g(x)] = 6x 2
28
3g(x) + 1 = 6x 2
5 3g(x) = 6x 3
49
g(x) = 2x 1
7
It is given that h(x) = 3x + 1.
11 Hence, h[g(x)] = 3g(x) + 1.

1
 (b) gh(x) = g(3x + 1) 8 Let n1(x) = y
= 2(3x + 1) 1 n(y) = x
= 6x + 1 4y 1 = x
4y = x + 1
1
When gh(x) = , x+1
3 y=
4
1
6x + 1 = x + 1
3 n1(x) =
4
18x + 3 = 1
x+1
18x = 2
1
mn1(x) = m 4
x=
9 3
=
x+1

8 4
5

3 3
6 (a) From the given arrow diagram, = ,x
2x 3 2
f(2) = 5. Hence, f 1(5) = 2.
(b) gf(2) = 3
9 (a) The relation between set P and set Q is a
This is a composite function gf(x) many-to-one relation.
which maps x directly onto z.
(b) The relation can be represented by
f(x) = x4.

Function notation
7 (a) Let w (x) = z
1

w(z) = x
6 10 m (2) = 7
=x
3 2z 2h
=7
h
Change the subject of the 2 h = 7h
formula to z. 8h = 2

1
h =
6 = x(3 2z) 4
6 = 3x 2xz
2xz = 3x 6
3x 6 11 (a) k = 9
z =
2x
(b) The relation can be represented by
3x 6
w (x) =
1
,x0 f(x) = x 1.
2x
5 Function notation

(b) w1h
2
5

= w1 2 + 3
2 12 f(x) = 9
= w (2)
1 |x 4| = 9
3(2) 6 x 4 = 9
=
2(2) x 4 = 9 or x 4 = 9
= 3 x = 13 or x = 5

2
 13 g 2 (x) = gg(x) 16 (a) f(6) = 6 + 4
= g(px + q) = 10
= p(px + q) + q
= p2x + pq + q (b) gf(6) = 24
g(10) = 24
But it is given that
10t 6 = 24
g 2 (x) = 49x 32.
10t = 30
Hence, by comparison, t = 3
p2 = 49
p = 7 (p > 0) 17 (a) The object of 2 is 6.
pq + q = 32 (b) The range is {1, 2, 3}.
7q + q = 32
8q = 32
q = 4 18 (a) fg(3) = 4(3) + 8 = 20
(b) fg(x) = 4x + 8
14 (a) f(x) = 0
2g(x) + 6 = 4x + 8
|2x 3| = 0
2g(x) = 4x + 2
2x 3 = 0
g(x) = 2x + 1
3
x =
2
3
k = 19 (a) f(5) = 5 + 3 = 8
2
(b) Let f 1(x) = y
(b) f(4) = |2(4) 3|
f(y) = x
= |5|
y+3=x
=5
y=x3
The range of f(x) is f 1(x) = x 3
0 f (x) 5.
2f 1(k) = f(5)
2(k 3) = 8
15 (a) Let g1 (6) = y k3=4
g(y) = 6 k=7
3y + 2 = 6
3y = 4
4
y=
3
4
g1 (6) =
3

(b)
hg(x) = h(3x + 2)
= (3x + 2)2 2(3x + 2) + 5
= 9x2 + 12x + 4 6x 4 + 5
= 9x2 + 6x + 5

3
 Paper 2

1 (a) f : x 2x 3 (b) hg : x 2x + 4
f(x) = 2x 3 hg(x) = 2x + 4
x
f 1(x) = y
Let
f(y) = x
2
h + 2 = 2x + 4

2y 3 = x x
+2=u
Let
x+3 2
y =
2 x
=u2
x+3 2
f (x) =
1
2 x = 2u 4
f 1g(x) h(u) = 2(2u 4) + 4
x = 4u 8 + 4
= f 1 + 2
2 = 4u 4
x h : x 4x 4

=
2 + 2 + 3
2
x+4+6
2
=
2
x + 10
=
4
x + 10
f 1 g : x
4