.

pH


1.
a n
a n a a a ... a

N
a0 1 a0

a n
1
a0
an

(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)
a, b 0 m, n
1. a m a n a m n

2. a m n
a mn

3. abn a n b n
n
a an
4. n
b b

am
5. n
a mn
a
1 |
 .

1. 2 0 6. 2 1 ..

1
2. 100 0 .. 7. 22 .
3. 2 2 2 7 8. 7 9 ...
4. (5 2 ) 6 .. 72
3
2
5. (2 9) 3 9. ...
3
3
2

10. .
4

1. 2 4 2 7 = ............
2. (a b )(a b) = ..
3 4 2

2
a 3b
3. 2
3c

2
m 2 n 3
4. 4 1
m n

3 5
a 2 b ab 1
5. 3 4 3 2
a b a b

2 |
 .

1.1

1. (3) 0 11. 57 54

2. 1
( )0
2 2 3
1 1
12.
3 3
3. 31

4. 4 2 13. (4 3 ) 2

2

1
5. 1 2
1

3 14.
2


6. (4) 3
15. (4 5) 2

1
3
7.
6 37 3 4
16.
33

8. 2 2 2


3
9. 32 35 72 73 75
17.
78

4
2 2
3
10.
3 3

3 |
 .
x 9 2 x
1 4
72 73
18. 23.
7
4
x3




5 2 5 4
1 24. a 5b 7 a 2 b 7 c 0
19. 3


5



25. 2ab 1 ab 2 2
10 3 10 2 10
2

20.
10 4


2
a 1b 2 a 4 b 2
26. 1
6 3
ab a b

2 3 3 5
21.
3 5 2 0

27. x y xy
2 3 4 3

22. 12 x 2
1
y 4 x5 y x y 2

4 |
 .

2.

a n 1 a n
1
a n a
n
n
1
1n
a n a
n a a

1
1. 4 = ..
2

2. 8 3 = ..
2

3. 64 = .
3

4. (32) = ...
5

5. (64) = ..
3

1.2
3
1. 42

5
2. 42

3. (8) 3

4. 9 2

5. 16 4

5 |
 .
2

6. (27) 3

2

7. (32) 5

2

8. 64 3

1 4

1. 3 3 = ...
3 3

1 5

2. (4 ) =
5 2

5
2

3. (8) = ...
5

3


2
5
1. x 3

3
x
2.
x

3. 16 x 2 y 2 4
1

6 |
 .
6
3 12
x y
4. 1
x3

1.3
x y
3

2
4
1. y
3

4
x
2.
x

3. 8 x y
1
3 6 3

6
3 12
x y
4. 2
x3

7 |
 .

3.
1. 2 x 3 3

2. 5x 1 6 10

3. x 7 3x 1

1.4
1. 2 x 2 4

2. 2 x 1 7 10

8 |
 .
3. 3x 3 x 3

4. m 8 0

5. r 2 5 r

4.

f {( x, y) R R y a x , a 0, a 1}

1. 1
2. R
3. R+
4. y = 1x ( )
5.

9 |
 .
6. a 1

7. 0 a 1

1. y 2x

10 |
 .
x
1
2. y
2

x
1
3. y2 x
, y 3 , y 10
x x
y
3

11 |
 .

1.5

x 2x
1 1
1. y5 ,y3 ,y
x x
y
4 3

x x x
1
2. y , y 4 , y 4
2x
3
y
2 3 4

12 |
 .

5.

1. ( ) A M A N M N
2. AM B M A B M 0
3.

1. 3 x 81

2. 5 x 125

x
1
3. 343
7

1.6

1) 10 x 100

13 |
 .
1
2) 3x
27

3) 16 x 4

x
1
4) 16
2

2x
1
5) 64
2

14 |
 .

6.

x, y R R | y log a x, a 0, a 1

x, y R R
| y a x , a 0, a 1

a y x y = log a x

1. 52 = 25

1
2. (8 ) 3 = 2

3. 4 = 2

4. 36 = 6 2

15 |
 .

y log a x
log a x y

log a x = y x = a y

1. log 2 128 = 7

2. log 7 49 = 2

1
3. log 16 4 =
2

1.7
1.
1) 4 2 = 16

.
2

2) 27 = 9 3

2
1 1
3) =
2 4

16 |
 .
4) 10 4 = 0.0001

4
1
5) = 16
2

3
3 27
6) =
2 8

2
1
7) = 10,000
100

8) 2
4 = 0.125

2.
1) log 10 100 = 2

2) log 2 32 = 5

3) log 5 1 = 0

1
4) log 4 = -3
64

17 |
 .
5) log 10 0.001 = -3

2
6) log 3 9 =
3

7. ( !!!)
M , N a > 0 , a 1 k
1 log a a = 1
2 log a 1 = 0
3 loga M k = k log a M
4 loga MN = loga M + loga N
5 log a M
N
= log a M log a N
log a M
6 log N M = log a N

7 log a 1
N
= log 1 N log a N
a

1
8 log a b
log a a

9 a loga M M
1
10 log a k M log a M
k

18 |
 .

1 log a a = 1

1. log 3 3 =
2. log 1 1 =
9 9

3. log 5
5 =

2 log a 1 = 0

1. log 3 1 =
2. log 2 1 =
3. log 5 1 =

3 loga M k = k log a
M

1. log 4 2 5 =
2. log 2 10 6 =
3. log 5 5 2 =
4. log 3 14 =
1

5. log 5 0.2 =
2

6. log 3 3 2 =
=
7. log 5 125 =
=
=

19 |
 .

1.8
( 1-3)

1. log 3 3 =.
2. log 7 1 =.
3. log22 =.
4. log5 1 =.
5. log44 =.
6. log 3 35 =.
7. log10 103 =
8. log 5 52 =
9. log 7 103 =
10. log10 10,000 =
1
11. log 4 =
64
1
12. log 2 4 log 1 log 6 1 =.
3
3

=.
13. log 5 125 log18 1 = ..

= ..
14. log 2 32 log 3 3 9 =
= ..
= ..
15. log 2 3 2 log 1 9 log10 100 =
3

=
=
=

20 |
 .

1) log 3 15 = .
= .
= .
2) log 2 200 = .
= .
= .
= .
1.9
( 4)

1) log 4 2 log 4 32 =.
=.
=.
2) log 3 3 3 =.
=.
=.
=.
3) log12 9 log12 16 =.
=.
=.
=.
4) log 10 5 log 10 2 =.
=.
=.
=.
=.

21 |
 .
5) log 6 3 log 6 12 =.
=.
=.
=.
=.
6) log 10 4 log 10 0.0025 =.
=.
=.
=.
=.
=.
1 1
7) log 2 log 2 log 2 8 =.
2 4
=.
=.
=.
=.
=.
8) log 10 25 log 10 10 log 10 4

=.
=.
=.
=.
=.
=.

22 |
 .

16
1) log 2 = .
5
10
2) log 3 = .
3
25
3) log 5 = .
0.01
4) log 2 112 log 2 7 = .

1.10
( 5)

16
1. log 4 =
64
=
=
=
4
2. log 2 =
16
=
=
=
1
3. log 12 =
12
=
=
=
4. log 2 16 log 2 2 =
=
=
=

23 |
 .
5. log 2 80 log 2 5 =
=
=
=
6. log 10 400 log10 4 =
=
=
=
=
7. log 3 125 log 3 60 log 3 27 log 3 12
=
=
=
=
1. 1 log 4 8 log 4 2 =
=
=
=
2. log 3 6 log 3 2 2 =
=
=
=
10. log 6 4 log 6 18 log 6 2
=
=

24 |
 .

1) log 3 9 =
2) log 6 5 =
3) log 8 2 =
log 4 x
4) =
log 4 4
log 5 y
5) =
log 5 3

1.11
( 6)

log 5 16
1. =..
log 5 2
=..
=..
=..
log 27
2. =..
log 3

=..
=..
3. log 3 2 x log 4 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
4. log 4 2 log 9 3 =..
=..
=..

25 |
 .
5. log 4 2 log 9 3 log 3 18 2.6311 log 27 18
=..
=..
=..
=..

1
1) log 3 =
9
=
=
=
=

1
2) log 2 =
8
=
=
=
=

3) log 1 16 =
2

=
=
=
=

26 |
 .

1.12
( 7)

1. log 1 9 =.
3

=.
=.
=.
1
2. log 2 =.
128
=.
=.
=.
3. log 10 0.1 =.
=.
=.
=.
4. log 1 3 3 =.
3

=.
=.
=.
1
5. log 2 16 log 3 log 1 64
9 4

=.
=.
=.
=.

27 |
 .

1) log 3 5 =
2) log125 5 \=
=
=
=

1.13
( 8)

1. log 81 3 =.

=..
=..
=..
2. log 243 3
=..
=..
=..
=..
=..
3. log 8 4 =..
=..
=..
=..

28 |
 .
4. log 49 7

=..
=..
=..
=..
5. log 64 16
=..
=..
=..
=..
=..
=..

1) 2log 9 =
2

2) 4log 5 =
2

=
=
=
3) 2 2log 7 2

2 2log2 7 =
=
=
=
=
=
=
29 |
 .

1.14
( 9)

1. 4 log 32
=..
=..
=..
=..

2. 9 log3 5 =..

=..
=..
=

3. 5 log5 3log5 2 =..

=..
=..
=..

4. 3log 52 log 2 =..

3 3

=..
=..
=..

5. 41log 5 4
=..
=..
=..
=..

30 |
 .

10

1) log 3 4 =
2

2) log 25 2 =
=
1.15
( 10)

1. log 2 5
3 =..
=..
=..
=..
2. log 32 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
3. log 25 5 =..
=..
=..
=..
4. log 64 2 =..
=..
=..
=..
=..

31 |
 .
5. log 100010 =..
=..
=..
=..
=..

1.16


1. log 3 9log 4 16 log 2 8log 3 81

1
2. log 2 16 log 3 log 1 64
9 4

3. log 1 8 log 1 25 log 1 27

2 5 3

32 |
 .
4. log 3 125 log 3 80 log 3 27 log 3 25 log 3 16

5. 36 log 5
6

6. 491log 2 5 log 2
7 5

7. 4log 15log 3
4 4

8. 52 log 6log 9
5 5

33 |
 .

8.

1. log x y ; x 0 , a 0 a 1
a ay x
2. log x log y ; x 0 , y 0 , a , a
a a

log x y

x
2
1. log8 x
3

2. log2 (3x 2) 3

3. log4 log3 log2 ( x2 2x) 0

34 |
 .

1.17
1
1. log 16 x
2

2. log 2 (2x 2) 2

3. log 4 log 3 log 2 ( x 2 6x) 0

.....

35 |
 .

//
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

36 |