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Wilkinson Divider Even and Odd Mode Analysis
Wilkinson Divider Even and Odd Mode Analysis
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Z0
2 Z0
2 Z0 Port 3
4 Z0
4 Z0 +Vs-
Port 1 2 Z0
2 Z0
Z0
2 Z0
4
Port 3
Z0
a) superposition
b) circuit symmetry
4 Z0
V1 2 Z0
2 Z0
Z0
2 Z0
Vs
4 V3 Vs 2 2
Z0
Turning off one positive source at each port, we are left with
Vs
an odd mode circuit: V2o 2
4 Z0
V1 o 2 Z0
2 Z0
Z0
2 Z0
4 V3o Vs 2
Odd Mode Circuit
Z0
Note the circuit has odd symmetry, and thus the plane of
symmetry becomes a virtual short, and in this case, a virtual
ground! o
Vs
2 V2
4 Z0
o
Z0
2Z0 V1 2 Z0
V=0
o
2Z0 V1 2 Z0 Z0
4 V3o Vs 2
Z0
+ +
2Z 0 V1 o 2 Z0 Z0 V2o
+ Vs
- 2
4 Z0
+ +
2Z 0 V1 o 2 Z0 Z0 V3o
+
Vs 2
-
4 Z0
+ +
V1 o = 0 2 Z0 Z0 V2o
+ Vs
- 2
Z0
As a result, determining voltage V2o
+ is nearly as trivial as determining
Z0 V2o
+
-
Vs
2
voltage V1 o . Hint:
Vs Z0 V
V2o = = s
2 Z0 + Z0 4
V
V3o = V2o = s
4
Now, lets turn off the odd mode sources, and turn back on the
even mode sources.
Vs
Even Mode Circuit V2e 2
4 Z0
V1 e 2 Z0
2 Z0
Z0
2 Z0
Vs
4 V3e 2
Z0
Note the circuit has even symmetry, and thus the plane of
symmetry becomes a virtual open.
Vs
V2e 2
4 Z0
e
Z0
2Z0 V1 2 Z0
I=0
e
2Z0 V1 2 Z0 Z0
Vs
4 V3e 2
Z0
4 Z0
+ +
2Z 0
Z0
V1 e 2 Z0 V2e
+
-
Vs
2
4 Z0
+ +
2Z 0
Z0
V1 e 2 Z0 V3e
+
-
Vs
2
+ +
2Z 0 V1 e 2 Z0 V2e
+
-
Vs
2
Vs
V3e =V2e =
4
4 Z0
+ +
2Z 0 V1 e 2 Z0 V2e
+
-
Vs
2
jVs
V1 e =
2 2
jVs jVs
V1 = V1 o +V1 o = 0 =
2 2 2 2
Vs Vs Vs
V2 =V2o +V2o = + =
4 4 2
V V
V3 =V3o +V3o = s + s = 0
4 4
V2 = Vs 2
4 Z0 +Vs-
jVs
V1 = 2 2 2 Z0
2 Z0
Z0
2 Z0
4 V3 = 0
Z0
jVs
V1 + ( z1 = z1P ) = 0 V1 ( z1 = z1P ) =
2 2
V3+ ( z 3 = z 3P ) = 0 V3 ( z3 = z 3P ) = 0
+
Vs +
- V
+
( z = z s ) = Vs 2 Z0
z
z=zs
Now, if the length of the transmission line connecting a source
to a port (or load) is electrically very small (i.e., A 1 ), then
the source is effectively connected directly to the source (i.e,
z s = z P ):
Z0
And thus the total voltage is:
+
Vs +
- V Zin V = V + ( z = z P ) +V ( z = z P )
=V +
(z = zS ) +V (z = z P )
Vs
=
2
+V
(z = zP )
z=zs=zP
V + ( z = z P ) = Vs 2
V ( z = z P ) = V Vs 2
V2 ( z2 = z2P ) =V2 Vs 2 = Vs 2 Vs 2 = 0
V2 ( z2 = z2P ) 2
S22 = + = (0) = 0
V2 ( z2 = z2P ) Vs
V3 ( z 3 = z3P ) 2
S32 = + = (0) = 0
V2 ( z2 = z2P ) Vs
Q: Wow! That seemed like a lot of hard work, and were only 1
3
j
S13 = S12 = S33 = S22 = 0 S23 = S32 = 0
2
j j
S21 = S12 = S31 = S13 =
2 2
Port 2
4 Z0
-Vs+ Port 1 2 Z0
2 Z0
Z0
2 Z0
4
Port 3
Z0
Note this source does not alter the bilateral symmetry of the
circuit. We can thus use this symmetry to help analyze the
circuit, without having to specifically define odd and even mode
sources.
Vs + V1 2 Z0 Z0
2Z0
I=0
2Z0
V1 2 Z0 Z0
Vs +
4 V3
Z0
Note the value of the voltage sources. They have a value of Vs
(as opposed to, say, 2Vs or Vs/2) because two equal voltage
sources in parallel is equivalent to one voltage source of the
same value. E.G.:
+ +
+
- 5V +
- 5V 5V +
- 5V
Now splitting the circuit into two half-circuits, we find the top
half-circuit to be:
4
2Z 0 +
Z0
Vs +
- V1 2 Z0 Z0
2Z 0 +
Vs +
- V1 2 Z0 Z0
-Vs+ V1 = V s
2 2 Z0
2 Z0
Z0
2 Z0
4
Port 3
Z0
And since the source is matched:
V1 + ( z1 = z1P ) =Vs 2
V1 ( z1 = z1P ) 2
S11 = + = (0) = 0
V1 ( z1 = z1P ) Vs
0 j
2
j
2
S = j 2 0 0
j 2 0 0
His worst
handout ever!