TOPIC:MINING;PROS

AND CONS.

NAMED:Prince Anthony
Lariosa. Torres
INTRODUCTION:
The pros of mining include providing
needed resources and creating jobs that help to bolster
the economy. However, mining also can create long-
lasting environmental damage that harms people for years
after the mine closes. Coal, oil and natural gas mining
provide fuel that is used to power cars, heat homes and
provide electricity. In rural areas, residents may not have
many other options for employment. Support services also
spring up, so even people who do not work in the mines
may have an easier time finding jobs. The money from
mining may lead to improved healthcare access and better
schools in remote and impoverished communities.
However, sometimes these economic booms can be
short-lived. When the raw materials run out, the mine
closes and people are left without jobs. Mining also results
in environmental destruction that can ruin pristine
wilderness and harm people who live through means of
hunting and farming. Sometimes mines accidentally
release toxic runoff that can contaminate local water
supplies. Mining can also harm the economy in areas that
rely on tourism because the noise and visible damage can
deter tourists. Depending on the area, mining may
introduce invasive species or disrupt wildlife migration
patterns, which leads to further environmental destruction.
READINGS FROM DIFFERENT AUTHORS:

Extracting Minings Pros and Cons (2016-11-28)

By: Mark Djeron C. Tumabao, PIA 2
As a result of the irresponsible mining practices of some mining firms,
people have developed the idea that mining is always destructive, and
thus, should be stopped. It is, however, wrong to generalize that all forms
of mining is bad. While it is true that there are really mining firms that do
not comply with the provisions of the mining contracts thus, entered into
with the government through Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) and the Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB), there
are those that comply.

The Pros
Mining is a source of mineral resources important to maintain and
upgrade living standards. It is actually the extraction of valuable and non-
renewable minerals or other geological substances from the earth.
On March 3, 1995, Republic Act 7942 otherwise known as the Philippine
Mining Act was passed into law. It was hailed to boost the countrys
economic growth. The law was also hyped to bring rural progress and
development especially in communities hosting large scale mining
corporations.
According to world renowned economist, Nouriel Roubini, the mining
sector in the next years will be an important source of economic
growth for the Philippines.
During the Aquino administration, the mining and quarrying sector
contributed a mere 0.2% to the overall economy, bringing the overall
impact of the sector to the GDP to a 0.1% contraction in the 4th quarter of
2012,
Nickel mining was the biggest contributor to the sector with a growth of
33.5%, a far cry from the miniscule 7.7% the year before.
This has significantly hampered the growth of the mining sector. In the 3rd quarter of
2012, following the signing of EO 79, Philippine GDP grew by 7.1%.
The Cons
It is important to make sure that the effects of mining on the
environment are taken into account.
At the onset, large mining firms have been exploiting our natural
resources for gold, copper and other minerals for the sake of
super profit, while leaving mountains flattened, excavated and
hollowed, rivers and creeks contaminated, band peoples
livelihood lost. While mining firms indulge in gold extraction,
communities face constant risks and dangers from impending
disasters as a result of mining activities.
To the environmentalist groups, the Philippine Mining Act of
1995 is anti-people and anti-environment. They said it does not
protect the Filipino people from the excesses of foreign mining
firms. The people are neither benefitting from, nor in control, of
these resources.
No less than DENR Secretary Gina Lopez called for the repeal
of the said law saying it is unfair because the provisions are
skewed in favor of the mining company and not for the
betterment of the people.
The Thin Line: Responsible Mining and Balance
It should be noted that the DENR is not against the mining
industry, but it is against the sufferings of people in the mining
communities.
In recent months upon the assumption of Secretary Lopez,
DENR has already suspended 10 mining firms, 20 others are
recommended for suspension, and 11 are allowed to correct
infractions, otherwise, they will face suspension of their
operations. The decision came after a thorough audit of the
DENR.
Mining; Pros & Cons (Jan. 10 2014)
by: Raven Gooding

Conclusion
With this conclusion I think deep sea mining shouldn't be aloud. I am
against it. Yes it's good minerals for our ocean and for us, but it's a high risk
of polluting our earth. One mistake and we could all be in huge trouble.
Nobody wants another BP oil spill in 2010 again.
Sources
http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report/

http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130213215811AAi8fix

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill
Con :Pressure
High risks due to extreme pressures at depth is harmful. Its much tougher
to mind largely because of sea depth and pressure. If one problem goes
wrong its harder to deal with a problem so far down.
Con: Prices
Prices of high initial cost of new technology will be through the roof. This
economy is terrible right now, and they are spending over 1.5 M on creating
new technology for under water mining.
Con: Oil
Oil deposits can also be found through the ocean, which leads to oil drilling.
This can be a huge threat to our ocean causing an oil spill. This oil spill can
possible hurt nature and mammals and pollute our earth.
Pro : Environmental
The mining of seafloor massive sulphides is also likely to be the most
contentious: causing the greatest environmental impact. Occurrences of
other minerals include phosphate and metalliferous sediments.
Pro: Minerals
Deep sea mining is a great way for the ocean to get a rich.
The Pros & Cons List (Jan. 6, 2017)
by: Chris Charyk

The Pros

Rigor. Making the effort to think through all possible pros and cons of a given course of
action, and then capturing them in writing, minimizes the likelihood that critical factors
have been missed. Assigning weights to each of the pros and cons is an additional
exercise that promotes deeper thinking and presumably leads to better-quality decision
making.

Emotional distance. Important decisions are likely to evoke powerful emotions. Going
through the steps of creating a pros-and-cons list can create what researchers Ozlem
Ayduk and Ethan Kross refer to as a self-distanced perspective, in which the decision
is viewed as an external problem to be addressed, easing the impact of the emotions
surrounding the decision. Deferring the decision pending the pro-con analysis also
provides a gap in time in which powerful emotions can dissipate, reducing the risk of an
amygdala hijack, the cognitive phenomenon popularized by Daniel Golemans
emotional intelligence writings, in which perceived emotional threats can lead to
extreme actions, often with undesirable outcomes.

Familiarity and simplicity. Perhaps most compelling of all, the pros-and-cons list is
generally well understood, requires no special computational or analytical expertise, and
is elegantly simple to administer.

The Cons

Vulnerable to cognitive biases. Cognitive biases are common patterns of thinking that
have been demonstrated to lead to errors in judgment and poor decision making.
Unfortunately, the same simplicity that makes a pros-and-cons list so appealing creates
many opportunities for a host of cognitive biases to emerge, including:

Framing effect. Pros-and-cons lists generally are about evaluating

two alternatives: a thumbs up or thumbs down scenario and an
example of narrow framing, a bias created by overly constraining
the set of possible outcomes.
The Pros & Cons List (Jan. 6, 2017)
by: Chris Charyk

The Pros
Rigor. Making the effort to think through all possible pros and cons of a given course of
action, and then capturing them in writing, minimizes the likelihood that critical factors
have been missed. Assigning weights to each of the pros and cons is an additional
exercise that promotes deeper thinking and presumably leads to better-quality decision
making.
Emotional distance. Important decisions are likely to evoke powerful emotions. Going
through the steps of creating a pros-and-cons list can create what researchers Ozlem
Ayduk and Ethan Kross refer to as a self-distanced perspective, in which the decision
is viewed as an external problem to be addressed, easing the impact of the emotions
surrounding the decision. Deferring the decision pending the pro-con analysis also
provides a gap in time in which powerful emotions can dissipate, reducing the risk of an
amygdala hijack, the cognitive phenomenon popularized by Daniel Golemans
emotional intelligence writings, in which perceived emotional threats can lead to
extreme actions, often with undesirable outcomes.
Familiarity and simplicity. Perhaps most compelling of all, the pros-and-cons list is
generally well understood, requires no special computational or analytical expertise, and
is elegantly simple to administer.

The Cons
Vulnerable to cognitive biases. Cognitive biases are common patterns of thinking that
have been demonstrated to lead to errors in judgment and poor decision making.
Unfortunately, the same simplicity that makes a pros-and-cons list so appealing creates
many opportunities for a host of cognitive biases to emerge, including:

Framing effect. Pros-and-cons lists generally are about evaluating two alternatives: a
thumbs up or thumbs down scenario and an example of narrow framing, a bias
created by overly constraining the set of possible outcomes.
Overconfidence effect. A well-established cognitive bias is the tendency of
individuals to overestimate the reliability of their judgments. When creating a

 Illusion of control. When faced with the task of envisioning
possible outcomes, a common bias is to believe that one can
control outcomes that in reality are not controllable.

Reliance on analytical thinking. Using an analytical tool

such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, just
the facts side of decision making. Intuition, or what Daniel
Goleman terms direct knowing, has captured the attention
of many brain science researchers. In one study, the
absence of attentive deliberation, AKA go with your gut,
was demonstrated to result in decisions with better
outcomes than those derived from the use of analytical tools.

The Verdict

My experience as an executive coach suggests that for the

vast majority of decisions that my clients deem to be critical,
a pros-and-cons list is useful only as a very high-level
preliminary thinking aid. I believe this is because the
decisions leaders most often bring to coaching are ones for
which they perceive the stakes as being high the client
has strong positive or negative (or both) emotions
associated with possible outcomes. And when the stakes are
high, the potential interference of cognitive biases, wishful
thinking, self-limiting beliefs, and similar barriers to
objectivity rise. High-stakes decisions therefore require
approaches that address these complications. Self-
awareness, reflection, and actively applying a range of
mindsets are examples of alternatives to the pros-and-cons
list that shed light on these hidden, unconscious cognitive
biases, ultimately leading to better insights and better
decision outcomes.
Pros and Cons of Coal Mining (Oct. 22, 2015)

By: Crystal Lombardo

Coal mining provides us with an essential fossil fuel that is used for heat
and electricity creation. It keeps us warm, lets us power up smartphones,
and has made the world more accessible. In return, burning coal may have
also contributed to climate changes that are being experienced today. With
more than 400 years of coal in reserve, the US has excelled at coal mining.
Should it continue? Here are the pros and cons of coal mining to consider.

The Pros of Coal Mining

1. It is inexpensive to mine coal.

In order for an economy to grow, it needs to have a source of power that is
affordable to access. This allows a majority of the population to access this
benefit. Coal is one of the cheapest materials to mine anywhere in the
world and there are many large deposits that have yet to be touched.

2. Coal stores safely.

Unlike other fuel sources, coal stores very safely and in large quantities. It
lasts indefinitely after being mined, so there isnt the need to consume the
fuel immediately. This also makes it safe to transport over long distances so
everyone can benefit from its power potential.

3. It creates jobs.
Coal mining creates an economic infrastructure for an entire community. From the
miners who bring the coal out to those who transport the coal and the administration.
The Cons of Coal Mining

1. Coal is one of the dirtiest fuels that we use today.

The amount of carbon that comes from burning coal is at least 2x
greater than any other electrical generation source. Although it is
cheap as a fuel, the adage that youll get what you pay for
definitely applies here. Other energy sources are more expensive,
but less harmful to the environment.

2. Coal exposure can be dangerous to human health.

Breathing in coal dust is bad news for the lungs. People who work
in coal mines or are constantly exposed to this substance as a
fuel are at an increased risk to suffer from several lung diseases.
Black lung disease kills 25,000 people every year.

3. One day there wont be any coal left to use.

Although there are centuries of coal reserves that have already
been mined, there will come a day when this fossil fuel wont be
available. That may seem far off in the distance today, but it has
taken about 200 years for coal technologies to develop into what
they are today. If we are to find an alternative fueling source that
is just as effective and cheap as coal, we need to start today.

The pros and cons of coal mining may offer an economic benefit,
but at a disadvantage to the environment. We are still going to
use coal to heat our homes and have access to power, but if we
can limit how much coal is needed, we could have a huge impact
on the world for future generations.
Mining Pros and Cons (Jan. 31, 2007)
By: Dan Mariano

Secretary Angelo Reyes of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources was
grinning ear-to-ear last week. The reason for the uncharacteristic facial expression of
the usually taciturn ex-defense chief was a DENR report on "exciting" developments in
the mining industry.

"The major players are now here," said Reyes, "and their investments indicate
increased confidence of global mining investors in the Philippines."

He cited two companies, Anglo-American Plc and Xstrata Copper, which have both
staked millions of dollars in mining projects in the country.

Reyes recently approved the exploration permit of Manila Mining Corp. on the
information that Anglo-American was finalizing a joint venture agreement with MMC for
the exploration of the Bayugo Copper Gold Project in Anislagan, Placer, Surigao del
Norte. The London-based Anglo-American has reportedly committed to outlay an initial
$10 million for exploration works in the next two years in the project.

World-class project

The Bayugo copper-gold prospect is similar to the adjacent Boyungan Copper-Gold

Porphyry Deposit that Anglo-American is exploring under a separate venture with Philex
Mining Corp.

"Together, Bayugo and Boyungan would make another world-class gold-copper project
that should further firm up the Philippines' place in the world mining map," Reyes said.

Last month Swiss mining giant Xstrata Copper acquired 62.5 percent of the Tampakan
copper-gold deposit in South Cotabato from Indophil Resources. The management
handover of the project is due for completion in March.

Xstrata's move came in the wake of encouraging results of a pre-feasibility study

commissioned by Indophil on its Tampakan property.

The Tampakan deposit is one of the largest undeveloped copper deposits in Southeast
Asia estimated to contain 11.6 million metric tons of copper and 14.6 million ounces of
gold. The project will need $2 billion to get into commercial operation.
Aside from Anglo-American and Xstrata, Reyes also cited three more multinational
mining Firms-Chemical Vapor Metal Refinery Co. (CVMR), Phelps Dodge and BHP-
Billiton-which will "firm up their position" in the mining industry.

So elated was Reyes by these and other developments that he predicted a

boom for the local mining industry next year. "We are now on the verge of
takeoff for that long-anticipated boom," the DENR chief was quoted saying.

The government seeks to revive the minerals industry, which it sees would
serve as catalyst for economic growth, especially in the countryside, DENR
said. The industry is projected to bring in about $6.5 billion in investments
in the medium term, and create over 200,000 additional jobs.

Looking the other way

But as Reyes waxed enthusiastic about the mining industry's bright

prospects, a team of Filipino, Irish and British activists scored the Philippine
government for tolerating mining companies that violate safety and
environmental regulations.

Antimining advocates bared last week the results of a mission conducted

by the Missionary Society of St. Columban, Commission on Environmental,
Economic and Social Policy, Irish Center for Human Rights, Triocaire,
Philippine Indigenous Peoples Links and ATM.

The 66-page report, "Mining in the Philippines: Concerns and Conflicts,"

was written by a team from the United Kingdom and Ireland, led by Clare
Short, a member of the British Parliament and former UK development
minister. (See www.iucn.org).

Team members said they visited three mining sites in Mindanao. They also
interviewed representatives of local governments and civil society from four
other mining sites-including the controversial Rapu-Rapu, Albay, site under
the Australian company Lafayette.

The report tells of several cases where the government relaxed its
enforcement of national and international mining standards in its bid to lure
foreign investors.
What is Mining for me? Mining is instructing of minerals
of the ground like copper and gold. The said minerals came from
the ground through mining it uses for Gadgets,Car and for
construction materials to build a new one. If the Technology is a
Human being maybe technology said to mining thank you mining
for your support because without you Iam Nothing and useless
and not invented. I think mining is the one of the biggest payer of
Tax in our country. The government and the countryman will
nurture the profits from the Mining company.Making
Roads,Bridges,New Classroom,Buildings and the Salary of all
Government employees and their Programs.I think mining is the
biggest source or cause why we suffered now a Climate
change,because mining can kill many
organisms,Trees,Mountains,Rivers,Human being for short can kill
the NATURE. Because of the continuing of distruction, instructing
and nurturing the nature.I think this is the reason why we suffered
a Climate Change today. If we dont stop mining many lives will
kill and many mountains will distruct .Mining has a biggest
advantages in my mind because it gives many people a Job and
Money to sustain and to support their needs to survive,but if we
strained the thoughts of what mining affects to our Nature in
now,tomorrow or in the near future maybe we can do a plan or
proposal in the President to stop MINING today.But without the
way or help of mining I think I cant pass this Research for this
topic because computer is one of the best example of technology
and technology is came from the help of minerals and minerals
came from the mountains and the miners operates in the
mountains thats why the technology came from and before
invented.
CONCLUSION;
The advantages of a mining
When you live in a mining town you tend to work standardised hours, or about 40 to 50 hours a week. In that
respect, its a big contrast to the FIFO lifestyle.

Your family gets to come with you, so you get to see them every day.

You also get to live in your own home so theres no communal dining, no fixed meal times, and you have
all the creature comforts of home.

If youre willing to move to a mining town you actually have vastly increased job prospects, as living locally
can increase your chances of securing a role.

Occasionally mining companies provide subsidised housing and utilities, thereby reducing the amount of
your salary you need to spend to live.

Forget traffic jams; the commute time can be as little as ten minutes from home to work, so the hours are
even shorter than most people in a city.

Youre not just joining a workplace; youre joining a community. People are usually more inclusive and
welcoming.

Social activities are often more family-centric, including sporting activities.

Youre not just close to work; youre close to everything: Usually most shops and amenities are within a ten-
minute drive from home.

Theres often a better sense of being part of a team in the working environment, because people both
socialise and work together.

The facilities on offer including sporting, social, schooling and community are often better supported by
mining companies than they are in cities.

And, importantly for the mining company, the cost of running an operation with a permanent residential
community can be less than fly-in fly-out. That means the site may well be more economically viable and
under less risk of closure during periods of low commodity prices.

The disadvantages of a mining

The cost of living is higher than in the city because the cost of transporting goods is very high.
 There can be a lack of educational facilities. Usually most small towns have a primary school but
do not have the resources and facilities a school in a larger town or a city would have.

Housing can be more expensive if you are not in company-supplied housing. In Port Hedland
(Western Australia) during the boom, for example, rents were as high as $3000 a week for a
three-bedroom, one-bathroom house.

Essential services, like medical specialists, are not easily accessible and sometimes a simple
medical problem can become a logistical challenge.

Entertainment choices can be limited.

If you or your partner work shifts, getting enough sleep with children in the house can be a
challenge and will require some management.

If you are single, there can be a lack of other single people in the town.

There can be a gender imbalance in many mining towns. As an example, at the height of the
most recent boom some Pilbara towns were close to 70 per cent male.

REFERENCES:
Intro: Pros & Cons by: Ryan Christopher S. Reyes (Jan. 28,
2012)
http://ns-minerals-ust.blogspot.com/2012/01/why-should-we-
need-to-become-vigilant.html
Extracting Minings Pros and Cons by: Mark Djeron C.
Tumabao (Nov. 28, 2016)
http://blog.pia.gov.ph/welcome/story/166/extracting-minings-
pros-and-cons
Transcript of Mining; Pros & Cons by: Raven Gooding (Jan.
10, 2014)
https://prezi.com/nfucsp_5p3qn/mining-pros-cons/
Pros & Cons List by: Chris Charyk (Jan. 6, 2017)
https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-pros-and-cons-of-pros-and-cons-
lists
Pros & Cons of Coal Mining by: Crystal Lombardo (Oct. 22,
2015)
http://visionlaunch.com/pros-and-cons-of-coal-mining/
Mining Pros & Cons by: Dan Mariano (Jan, 31, 2017)
http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=2230
THANK YOU
EARTH
SCIENCE!