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KANNADA
A SELF INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE

LINGADEVARU HALEMANE

KARNATAKA GOVERNMENT
KANNADA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
BENGALURU
KANNADA : A Self Instructional Course by Lingadevaru Halemane CzsPg iv
Published by Kannada Development Authority Govt. of Karnataka `Pq dUv' Pq r PtPz vv EAzVz. F
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 Pq C Pg, AUg

CzsPg INTRODUCTION
q. RAw ZAz This is a self-instructional material prepared to develop
speaking, reading and writing skills. This is intended for adult
English Learners from different mother-tongue backgrounds, who
PAiz wants to learn Kannada for various reasons.
q. P. gzsg
It is hoped that this self instructional material would enable
the learner to construct orally the basic sentences with the help of
given patterns and lexical items. This would also enable the learner
to converse with the native speakers in given situation with the help
of conversations framed. The book also takes care of the skills of
reading and writing.
An attempt has been made here to present the material as
systematically as possible. The language and the situations used to
follow the principle of selection and gradation which is the modern
practice the world over. The lessons show development from the
simple to the complex and from the known to the unknown.
Provision has been made for reinforcement of the language habits
through conversation and narration. The language structures
introduced here are found in informal spoken contexts and their
description in the text are pedagogically oriented.

The book contains two parts. Part I deals with graded

language structuring and Part II deals with the script.
Part I contains 25 lessons. These lessons are structurally
graded. The language used in these lessons is standard spoken
Kannada. The Bangalore - Mysore dialect of Kannada is generally
VI/Introduction
accepted as the standard spoken Kannada. However one can see
certain changes at phonological level, like dropping of the vowel in
the second syllable in the spoken form. One can find occassional
overlapping of formal and informal usage in this book.
Each basic lesson contains five components, namely,
conversation/narration, pattern drill, key to learners, exercise and
vocabulary.
Each lesson is a running conversation/narration written on a
specific situation with appropriate structure and vocabulary. The
purpose of having a majority of the lesson in the form of
conversation is that it forms the 'stimulus-reponse pattern' in the
learners. The dialogue form of the book facilitates participation by
the learners with interchanging roles. However the last four lessons
are narrations; they can be used as reading texts. The content of the
lessons include day to day social contexts and cultural information
about Karnataka. The first ten lessons are given in Roman
transliteration. A key to sound transcription is given in the begining
of the book. The tenth lesson onwords, lessons are given in
Kannada Script. It is assumed by the time the learner completes the
structure of first ten lessons that he would also have learnt the
recognition of letters in isolation and in combination. the translation
of text and pattern drill is given in English. (while the translations
are largely idiomatically acceptable, the exigencies of instructions
may have here and there resulted in slightly deviant English
constructions).
Pattern drills and exercises are meant for reinforcement of the
structures introduced in the lesson. Generally a distinction is made
between drills and exercises on the lines of their nature. The drills
aim at establishing the structure as habit. In other words they
Introduction / VII
establish automatic response through intensive practice. Besides
this they are also helpful in knowing the syntactic relationship
among the related structures.
In a true sense exercises are an application activity, No new
structure is given under exercise. The learner is expected to apply
the structure learnt in the lesson to test his competence.
The vocabulary contains the newly introduced in the text as
well as in the drill part under two headings, namely, vocabulary and
supplementary vocabulary. Vocabulary is listed in an alphabetical
order.
The key to the learner gives a brief explanation of the structure
or pattern introduced in the lesson. To a great extent extensive use
of linguistic terminology is avoided. Necessary examples and
sandhi rules are also given.
Part II contains the introduction of the Kannada alphabet. The
letters have been introduced on their shape similarity and
contrastive perception. This would enable the learner to recognise
the letters in isolation and in combination as quickly as possible.
The combination of consonants and vowels are also introduced on
their shape similarity. The sound value in Roman script is also
given along with the primary letters in order to enable the learner to
identify the target language sounds. It is expected that the learner
should start learning speaking, reading and writing side by side.
The explanation given above is only a guide line. The actual
learning lies with the learner's motivation and requirement.
Language learning should'nt be taken as a sole activity, but rather as
an enjoyable game. Each structure and each vocabulary item is to be
treated as an interesting toy in the hands of the learner. The learner
VIII/Introduction

should always approach them with an open mind. Aslo one should
be very conscious and alert about his/her surroundings and the
people. One can learn the language while talking in it without
inhibitions. Talk to the people. If they laugh at your pronunciation,
wrong construction of sentences join them and laugh with them.
But don't be disheartened. While laughing with them try to know
the correct form with the help of the book and with the help of the ABBREVATIONS
native speakers.

I acknowledge my grateful thanks to Prof. Baragur Prox. Proximate

Ramachandrappa, and Sri Idinabba former Chairmans, Kannada rem. remote
Development Authority Govt. of Karnataka, who are chiefly hon. honorific
responsible for re-printing this book. They have also got it
pl. Plural
translated into other languages knowing its importance in the
development of Kannada language. I am equally grateful to the sg. singular
translators of this book into different languages. My sincere thanks non hon. non honorific
to Secretary, Kannada Development Authority for his keen interest V.P. Verbal participle
in executing this work. V. Verb
I hope that this self instructional material will be helpful in N. Noun
your endeavour. R.P. Relative Participle
Aux. Auxiliary Verb

Lingadevaru Halemane
 Key to Transcriptions/XI

D donkey, made
KEY TO TRANSCRIPTION
d this, other
1. Vowels n number, many
Symbol enqivalent in English p people, camp
a up, cut
b but, rubber
aa aunt, laugh
m mail, small
i it, kit
y young, beyond
ii each, keep
u book, put r room, bring
uu ooze, moon l live, small
e egg, leg v/w wine, shave
ee ape, make s small, face
o one, no
S shave, fish
oo own, coat
h hall, behave
ai/ay island, five
au/av owl, south
The following sounds do not have acceptable equivalents in
English. Hence their articulation rather than examples are given.
2. Consonants
t Kannada sound is a variety of t produced by the tip of
Symbol equivalent in English the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth.
k king, make
T Kannada sound is produced by curling the tip of the
g get, beg
tongue backwords.
c church, much
J Judge, agent N Produced in the above fashion, but nasal in its quality.
The sound does't exist in English, but is heard sh Variety of 's' also produced in the above fashion.
in French and spanish words like Senor, Signe
L Produced in the above fashion, but lateral in its
quality.
XII/Key to Transcriptions

f fan refer. This sound is found only in loan words from CONTENTS
English and urdu. It is represented by the symbol ph.

z zoo, lazy. This sound is found only in loan words Introduction V-VIII
from English and urdu. It is represented by the
symbol for J or Jh. Abbrevations IX
Key to transcription X-XII
k c T t p and g J D d b, when followed by 'h' are
produced with greater breath force.

Note the sound qualities indicated above are not the

exact ones, but the nearest approximations. Part I
Lesson I
Personal pronouns with their possessive forms 1-6

Lesson 2
Personal pronouns with their possessive forms
Yes/No type of interrogation. 7-15

Lesson 3
Possessive forms of the nouns 16-22

Lesson 4
Qualitative and Quantitative adjectives 23-28

Lesson 5
Predicative forms of the pronouns, nouns,
adjectives. Adjectival nouns, alli, Locative case.
Post positions. 29-39
XIV / Contents Contents / XV

Lesson 6 Lesson 14
Dative case, Numerals 40-51 Past tense d and t and negation 119-130

Lesson 7 Lesson 15
Numeral adjectives, Human plurals, Past tense k, T, D, id and their negation. Indirect
Human numerals 52-62 speech, reportive forms. 131-142

Lesson 8 Lesson 16
Past participle forms and their negation 143-153
Colour adjectives, Model verbs and negation 63-70
Lesson 17
Lesson 9
Continuous forms and their negation 154-162
Verb iru ; non-post tense paradigm and negation. 71-78
Lesson 18
Lesson 10
Perfect forms and their negation 163-171
Imperative, premissive, hortative forms of the
verbs. Non-post tense forms of the main verbs, Lesson 19
annu accusative case. 79-89
Relative participle, participle nouns and
their negations 172-191
Lesson 11
inta comparative marker. Definitive permissive Lesson 20
and prohibitive forms 90-97 Simple conditional and its negation 192-199

Lesson 12 Lesson 21
Gerundials, Potential forms, inda instrumental Unfulfilled past conditional and its negation,
and ablative case 98-108 Concessive form 200-209

Lesson 13 Lesson 22
isu as verbaliser and causative, Reflexive pronouns 109-118 PlP (Reading Practice) 210-219
XVI / Contents

Lesson 23 LESSON - 1
Pq s (Reading Practice) 220-224
1. Dialogue :

Lesson 24 Manohar : namaskaara saar. Good morning sir

i vg AUw C (Reading Practice) 225-228 Mahadeva : namaskaara niivu Good morning, who are
yaaru ? you (polite) ?
Lesson 25 Manohar : naanu KannaDa I am a student of
P qU (Reading Practice) 229-233 vidyaarthi Kannada
Mahadeva : nimma hesaru eenu ? What is your
Part II name (polite) ?
Kannada Script 234-259 Manohar : nanna hesaru My name is Manohar
manohar, niivu Who are you, sir ?
yaaru saar ?
Mahadeva : naanu kannaDa I am a Kannada teacher
adhyaapaka
Manohar : nimma hesaru What is your name, sir ?
eenu saar ?
Mahadeva : naana hesaru My name is Mahadeva
mahaadeva. nimma Which is your state ?
raajya yaavudu ?
Manohar : nanna raajya My state is Tamilnadu
tamiLnaaDu
Mahadeva : nimma maatru bhaashe Which is your Mother
yaavdu ? tongue ?
Manohar : naana maatru bhaashe My mother tongue is
tamiLu. ivaru yaaru Tamil. Who is she Sir ?
saar ?
2/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 1/3

Mahadeva : ivaru kannaDa She (prox.) is Kannada 2.5 avara uuru yaavudu ? Which is his/her native Place ?
adhyaapaki teacher ivaru raajya yaavudu ? Whis is / her state ?
nimma jille yaavudu ? Which is your district ?
Manohar : ivara hesaru eenu saar ? What is her name sir ?
Mahadeva : ivara hesaru Siila Her name is Sheela 2.6 nanna deeSa bhaarata My country is India
avaru yaaru manoohar ? Who is he, Manohar ? nanna raajya KarnaaTaka My state is Karnataka
avaru uuru mayasuuru His/her native place is Mysore
Manohar : avaru raabar T, nanna He is Robert, my friend ivara jille tumakuuru His/her district is Tumkur
sneehita
2.7 avaru nanna sneehita He is my friend
avaru nanna sneehite She is my friend
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 niivu yaaru ? Who are you (hon) ?
3. Key to Learners :
avaru yaaru ? Who is he/she (hon.rem.) ?
3.1 'namaskaara' is a greeting term used whenever persons
ivaru yaaru ? Who is he/she (hon.prox.) ?
meet.
2.2 naanu adhyaapaka. I am a teacher 3.2 This lesson introduces simple sentences containing
avaru vaidya He is a doctor nouns. Note that there is no copula in Kannada as in
ivaru gumaasta He is a clerk English.
avaru leekhaki She is a writer niivu yaaru ? 'Who are you ?'
avaru injiniyar He is an engineer naanu vidyaarthi 'I am a student'
avaru vidyaarthini 'She is a student'
naanu vyaapaari I am a businessman
In the above English sentences 'are', 'am', 'is' are
2.3 nimma hesaru eenu ? What is your (hon.) name ? functioning as copula conjoining Noun+Noun. This is not
avaru hesaru eenu ? What is his/her name ? so in Kannada.
ivara hesaru eenu ? What is his/her name ?
3.3 yaaru 'who is a human interrogative marker, whereas
2.4 nanna hesaru moohan My name is Mohan ennu 'what' is a non-human interrogative marker.
avara hesaru kamala Her name is Kamala niivu yaaru ? 'Who are you ?'
ivara hesaru raaju His name is Raju nimma hesaru eenu ? 'What is your name ?'
4/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 1/5

3.4 naanu 'I' First person (sg.) 4.2.3 niivu _____________ ?

niivu 'you' Second person (sg. hon+pl.) 4.2.4 ivaru kannaDa ______________
avaru 'he/she' Third person (sg. hon+pl. rem.)
ivaru 'he/she' Third person (sg. hon+pl. prox.) 4.3 If 'naanu' becomes 'nanna' what would be the following
are personal pronouns. Note that there is no gender 4.3.1 niivu ____________
distinction in third person honorafic plural forms. 4.3.2 avaru ____________
4.3.3 ivaru ____________
3.5 The pronouns are further extended by adding possessive
marker - a 4.4 Use the following words in your own sentences :
naanu + a = nanna 'my' 4.4.1 adhyaapaki
niivu + a = nimma 'your' 4.4.2 raajya
avaru + a = avara 'his/her' 4.4.3 hesaru
ivaru + a = ivara 'his/her' 4.4.4 naanu

3.6 yaavudu 'which one' is a non-human interrogative 4.5 Translate the following sentences into Kannada
pronoun. 4.5.1 I am a student of Kannada
4.5.2 Gopal is my friend
4. Exercise :
4.5.3 My state is Kerala
4.1 fill in the blanks using the Kannada equivalents of the
4.5.4 Her name is Jaya
English ones :
4.1.1 raaja nanna ___________ (friend) 4.6 Answer the following questions
4.1.2 avara _____________ tamiLu. (mother tongue) 4.6.1 niivvu yaaru ?
4.1.3 ____________ hesaru Kamala. (my) 4.6.2 nimma hesaru eenu ?
4.1.4 avara raajya ______________ ? (which) 4.6.3 nimma deeSa yaavudu ?
4.6.4 nimma raajya yaavudu ?
4.2 Fill in the blanks 4.6.5 nimma jille yaavudu ?
4.6.6 nimma uuru yaavudu ?
4.2.1 nimma hesaru _______________ ?
4.6.7 nimma maatrubhaashe yaavudu ?
4.2.2 avara hesaru _______________
6/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

5. Vocavbulary LESSON - 2
adhyaapaka 'teacher (mas.)'
adhyaapaki 'teacher (fem.)' 1. Dialogue :
avara 'his/her (rem.)' Manohar : idu yaava pustaka ? Which book is this (prox.) ?
avaru 'he/she(hon.rem)'
Gopal : idu kaadambari This is a novel
ivara 'his/her (prox.)'
eenu 'what' Manohar : idara hesaru eenu ? What is its name ?
nanna 'my'
Gopal : idara hesaru Its name is Chirasmarane
namaskaara 'greeting term, equivalent to
cirasmaraNe
English good morning/
good afternoon/good evening' Manohar : idu yaara Whose novel is this ?
naanu 'I' kaadambari ?
nimma 'your'
Gopal : idu niranjana avara This is Niranjana's novel
niivu 'you (hon.sg.)'
kaadambari
maatrubhaashe 'mother tongue'
yaaru 'who' Manohar : idu ninna Is this your book ?
yaavudu 'which one' pustakaanaa ?
raajya 'state'
Gopal : alla. idu nanna No. It is not my book. It is
vidyaarthi 'student (mas.)'
pustaka alla. idu my friend Ashok's book
sneehita 'friend (mas.)'
nanna sneehita
hesaru 'name'
aSoka avara pustaka
5.2 Supplementary vocabulary : Manohar : adu yaara pennu ? Whose pen is that (rem.) ?
gumaasta 'clerk; ninna pennaa ? Is it yours ?
jille 'district'
deeSa 'country' Gopal : havdu. adu nanna Yes. It is my pen
leekhaki 'writter(fem.)' pennu
vaidya 'doctor' Manohar : adara hesaru eenu ? What is its name ?
vyaapaari 'businessman'
sneehite 'friend(fem.)' Gopal : adara hesaru hiiro Its name is Hero
8/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 2/9

1.1 Dialogue : Manohar : ii huDugi yaaru ? Who is this girl ? Is she

ninna tangiinnaa ? your younger sister ?
Manohar : niinu yaarappa ? who are you (endearing) ?
Mohan : naanu aanand avara I am Anand's son Mohan : alla. ivaLu nanna No. She is not my younger
tangi alla. ivaLu sister. She is my elder
maga
nanna akka. sister
Manohar : ninna hesaru eenu ? What is your name ?
Manohar : ivaLa hesaru eenu ? what is her name ?
Mohan : nanna hesaru My name is Mohan
Mohan : ivaLa hesaru lalita Her name is Lalitha
moohan
Manohar : ivanu yaaru ? ninna Who is he ? (Sg. non-hon.
2. Pattern drill :
tammanna ? prox.) Is he your younger
2.1 idu yaava pustaka ? Which is this book ?
brother ?
adu yaava kaaleeju ? Which is that college ?
Mohan : alla. ivanu nanna No. He is not my younger
tamma alla. ivanu brother. He is my elder 2.2 idu kavana This is a poem
nanna aNNa brother adu kathe That is a story
Manohar : ivana hesaru eenu ? What is his name ? 2.3 idara hesaru eenu ? What is its (prox.) name ?
adara hesaru eenu ? What is its (rem.) name ?
Mohan : ivana hesaru sureeS. His name is suresh.
Manohar : avanu yaaru ? Who is he (sg. non-hon. 2.4 idu caduranga avara This is chaduranga's story
rem.) ? kathe
adu bhyrappa avara That is Bhyrappa's house
Mohan : avanu nanna sneehita He is my friend
mane
Manohar : avana hesaru eenu ? What is his name ?
2.5 idu ninna angiinaa ? Is it your shirt ?
Mohan : avana hesaru raaju His name is Raju adu avara maneenaa ? It it his (rem.) house ?
Manohar : aa huDugi yaaru ? Who is that girl ? 2.6 havdu. idu nanna pustaka Yes. this is my book
Mohan : avaLu nanna tangi She (sg. non-hon. rem.) is havdu. adu avara mane Yes. that is their house
my younger sister
2.7 alla. idu avara pennu alla No. This is not his/her pen
Manohar : avaLa hesaru eenu ? What is her name ? alla. adu nanna kaaru No. That is not my car
Mohan : avaLa hesaru kamala Her name is Kamala alla.
10/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 2/11

2.8 niinu yaaru ? Who are you (non-hon.) ? idu kurchi This is a Chair
ninna hesaru eenu ? What is your name ? adu mara That is a tree
2.9 ivanu yaaru ? Who is he ? (non.hon.prox.) 3.2 The neuter pronouns are extended by adding possessive
ivanu javaana He is servant marker - a
ivana hesaru eenu ? What is his name ? adu + a = adara 'its' (rem.)
ivana hesaru nanjappa His name is Nanjappa idu + a = idara 'its' (prox.)
2.10 avaru yaaru ? Who is he (non-hon. rem) ? Note that the additional of - ar - when the above neuter
avanu kaavalugaara He is a watchman pronouns are used as possessive forms.
avana hesaru raamayya His name is Ramaiah 3.3 yes / no type of interrogation is obtained by adding - aa
to the nouns. Note the combination
2.11 avaLu yaaru ? Who is she (non-hon.rem) ?
avaLu javaani She is servant ? 3.3.1 kaadambari + aa = kaadambariinaa (kaadambariyaa)
avaLa hesaru lakshmi Her name is Lakshmi mane + aa = maaneenaa (maneyaa)
site + aa = siiteenaa (siiteyaa)
2.12 IvaLu yaaru ? Who is she (non-hon.rem.)?
3.3.2 pennu + aa = pennaa (pennaa)
ivaLu nanna tangi She is my younger sister
avaru + aa = avaraa (avaraa)
2.13 ivanu ninna tammaanaa ? Is he your younger brother ? 3.3.3 maga + aa = magaanaa (maganaa)
alla. ivanu nanna tamma No. He is not my younger raama + aa = raamaanaa (raamanaa)
alla. ivanu nanna aNNa brother. He is my elder Kamala + aa = kamalaanaa (kamalaLaa)
brother
Whenever = aa is added, the last vowel of the noun
2.14 avaLu ninna akkaanaa ? Is she your elder sister ? becomes long and it takes - n - as an addition in spoken
havdu. avaLu nanna akka Yes. she is my elder sister form. The forms in the paranthesis represent the standard
written form.
3. Key to learners : 3.4 havdu 'yes' is an affirmitive answer to question. alla 'no'
3.1 idu 'this' third person (neut. sg. prox.) is negation. Note that we can also make questions using
havdu and alla as havdaa ? and alvaa ?
adu 'that' third person (neut. sg. rem.)
are introduced. These pronouns are used to denote all 3.5 niinu 'you' : second person (sg.)
non-human nouns. ivanu 'he' : third person (mas. sg. prox.)
12/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 2/13

avanu 'he' : third person (mas. sg. rem.) 4.2 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words given
ivaLu 'She' : third person (fem. sg. prox.) in the bracket.
avaLu 'She' : third person (fem. sg. rem.) 4.2.1 adu _________ kaaru (avanu)
are introduced. aata, iita, aake, iike are also used as 4.2.2 idu _________ aafiisu ? (yaaru)
substitutes for avanu, ivanu, avaLu, ivaLu 4.2.3 avaLu ninna ________ ? (tangi)
3.6 The above pronouns are further extended by adding - 4.2.4 _______ hesaru kaamaakshi (ivaLu)
a Possessive marker.
4.3 Fill in the blanks using the Kannad equivalent of the
niinu + a = ninna 'your'
English ones :
ivanu + a = ivana 'his'
avanu + a = avana 'his' 4.3.1 avaLu ___________ (girl)
ivaLu + a = ivaLa 'her' 4.3.2 savita nanna ________ (elder sister)
avaLu + a = avaLa 'her'
4.3.3 nimma ________ yaaru ? (elder brother)
3.7 - appa is an addressive term used to address men who 4.3.4 nanna __________ kannaDa adhyaapaka
are strangers, intimates and subordinates. Femi - nine (younger brother)
counterpart of this term is - amma
4.4 interrogate :
3.8 aa 'that' and ii 'this' are demonstrative adjectives. Note 4.4.1 avanu vidyaarthi
the difference between these adjectives and neut. 4.4.2 adu pustaka
pronouns. 4.4.3 nanna raajya keeraLa
adu mane 'that is house' 4.4.4 havdu. avanu nanna tamma
aa mane 'that house'
4.5 Translate into Kannada
4. Exercises : 4.5.1 Who are you ?
4.1 Fill in the blanks using th appropriate word 4.5.2 Is she your younger sister ?
4.5.3 Who is that girl ?
4.1.1 idu niranjana avara ___________
4.5.4 This boy is Satish's Son
4.1.2 indiraa gaandhi avara ________ raajiiva gaandhi
4.5.5 Is it your booK ?
4.1.3 _______ hesaru cirasmaraNe 4.5.6 No. It is not my pen?
4.1.4 _______ adu nanna pustaka alla 4.5.7 Which is your native place ?
14/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 2/15

4.6 Answer the following questions. tangi 'younger sister'

4.6.1 nimma uuru madaraasaa ? tamma 'younger brother'
4.6.2 aa huDuga nimma magaanaa ? ninna 'your'
4.6.3 niranjana avara kaadambari yaavudu ? maga 'son'
4.6.4 nimma maatrubhaashe kannaDaanaa ? pustaka 'book'
yaava 'which'
5. Vocabulary : havdu 'yes'
akka 'elder sister' huDugi 'girl'
adu 'that' (rem.)
adara 'its'
aNNa 'elder brother'
alla 'no' (negates the noun)
avaLu 'she' (non. hon. sg. rem.)
avaLa 'her'
avanu 'he' (non. hon. sg. rem.)
avana 'his'
aa 'that'
idu 'this' (prox.)
idara 'its'
ivana 'his'
ivaLu 'she' (non. hon. sg. prox.)
ivaLa 'her'
ii 'this'
kaadambari 'novel'

LESSON - 3
1. Dialogue :
Raja : raamaayaNada naayaka
yaaru ?
Rani : raamaayaNada naayaka
Sriiraama
Raja : raama yaara maga ?
Rani : avanu daSarathana maga
Raja : raamana taayiya hesaru
eenu ?
Rani : raamana taayiya hesaru
kavsalye
Raja : raamana tammana
hesaru eenu ?
Rani : raamana tammana hesaru
lakshmaNa
Raja : raamana henDatiya
hesaru eenu ?
Rani : raamana heNDatiya
hesaru siite
Raja : avaLu yaara magaLu ?
Rani : avaLu Janaka raajana
magaLu
Who is the hero of
Ramayana ?
The hero of Ramayana is
Sri Rama
Whose son is Sri Rama ?
He is the son of Dasharatha
What is the name of
Rama's mother ?
Rama's mother name is
Kausalye
What is the name of
Rama's younger brother ?
Rama's younger brother's
name is Lakshmana
What is the Rama's wife's
name ?
Rama's wife's name is
Sita
Whose daughter is she ?
She is the daughter of King
Janaka
Lesson 3/17
Raja : raamana makkaLa What are the names of
hesaru eenu ? Rama's children ?
Rani : lava, kuSa Lava & Kusha
Raja : Lava hiri magaanoo ? Who is the eldest son ?
kusha hiri magaanoo ? It is Lava or Kusha ?
Rani : kusha hiri maga. lava Kusha is the eldest son.
kiri maga Lava is the youngest
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 karnaaTakada mukhya Who is Chief Minister of
mantri yaaru ? Karnataka ?
bhaaratada raajadhaani Which is the Capital of
yaavudu ? India ?
2.2 sumati raajuvina magaLu Sumati is Raju's daughter
avanu ii guruvina Sishya He is the student of this
teacher
2.3 raamana tandeya hesaru Rama's father's name is
daSaratha Dasharatha
nanna taayiya hesaru My mother's name is
kamalamma Kamalamma
2.4 siiteya gaNDana hesaru Sita's husband's name is
raama Rama
avara magana hesaru His son's name is RaJiv
raajiiva
2.5 raamana makkaLa hesaru Rama's children's names
lava, kuSa are Lava and Kusha
18/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 3/19

2.6 namma kaalejina hesaru The name of our college is sose 'daughter in law' huli 'tiger'
Mahaarajaa kaaleeju Maharaja's College kathe 'story' kiTaki 'window'
nimma uurina hesaru eenu ? What is the name of your henDati 'wife' kurci 'chair'
native place ?
3.1.3 when - a is added to - u ending neuter, nouns, final - u
2.7 avaLu raamaraayara hiri Is she Ramarao's elder drops and - in - is inserted.
magaLoo kiri magaLoo ? daughter or younger kaaleeju + a = kaaleejina 'of college'
daughter ? kaaDu + a = kaaDina 'of forest'

add, - a to following nouns

3. Key to learners :
uuru 'native place' haavu 'snake'
3.1 The possessive marker - a is added to nouns
bassu 'bus' pennu 'pen'
3.1.1 bhaarata + a = bhaarataDa 'of India' baagilu 'door' hengasu 'women'
karnaaTaka + a = karnaa Takada 'of Karnataka'
There are some nouns which are exceptions to the above rule
Whenever possessive marker - a is added to neut hasu 'cow bandhu 'relative'
nouns ending with - a, it takes - d - as an guru 'teacher' magu 'child'
addition karu 'calf' Satru 'enemy'
Now add the - a to the following nouns :
These nouns and the proper nouns ending in - u take - vin - as an
mara 'tree' pustaka 'book' addition. Observe the following examples.
giDa 'plant' sinima 'cinema' hasu + a = hasuvina
dina 'day raajya 'state' guru + a = guruvina
karu + a = karuvina
3.1.2 gaandhi + a = gaandhiya 'of Gandhi'
raaju + a = raajuvina
site = a = siiteya 'of Site'
siitu + a = siituvina
whenever - a is added to nouns ending with - i or - e,
whether human or non-human, it takes - y - as an addition 3.1.4 The numerals ending with - u take - ar - as an increment
ondu + a = ondara 'of one'
Now added - a to the following nouns. hattu + a = hattara 'of ten'
20/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 3/21

Note that when magaLu and maakaLu added to - a 4.2 Fill in the blanks using Kannada equivalents of the
possessive from, final - u drops English words given in the bracket
magaLu + a = magaLa 'of daughter' 4.2.1 Saaliniya ___________ rajani (daughter)
makkLu + a + makkaLa 'of children' 4.2.2 nanna ____________ raajeSa (elder son)
4.2.3 raviya ____________ savita (wife)
3.15 Human nouns ending with - a, when added to posses sive 4.2.4 sumana ___________ rama (mother)
marker take -n - as an addition.
maga + a = magana 'of son' 4.3 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given
raama + a = raamana 'of Rama' in the bracket
kamala + a = kamalana 'of Kamala' 4.3.1 nimma __________ hesaru eenu ? (maga)
akka + a = akkana 'of elder sister' 4.3.2 Saaliniya __________ mane yaavudu ? (sneehite)
4.3.3 _______ aNNa raajiiva (sanjaya)
3.2 Dubitive marker is - oo. this is used to express doubt.
4.3.3 _________ raajadhaani dehali (bhaarata)
sanjay gaandhi indiraa gaandhiya hiri maganoo kiri
maganoo ? 4.4 Translate into Kannada :
avanu ninna aNNanoo tammanoo ? 4.4.1 My mother's name is Sharada
adu avara manenoo ninna manenoo ? 4.4.2 Who is her husband ?
4.4.3 Arpita is my youngest daughter
3.3 Note that the kinship terms are used in this lesson 4.4.4 Rama Rao is my father's father

4.5 Trans form as per the model :

4. Exercises
4.5.1 indiraa gaandhi ____ indiraa gaandhiya
4.1 fill in the blanks using the appropriate words
rajani _________
4.1.1 bhaaratada ___________ dehali ravi _________
4.1.2 raamana ___________ siita naayi _________
4.1.3 lava kuSa raamana __________ kurci _________
4.1.4 raajiiva gaandhiya ____________ firooj gaandhi tande _________
kathe _________
22/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

4.5.2 bhaarata ____ bhaaratada LESSON - 4

deeSa __________
1. Dialogue :
pustaka __________
mara __________ Ramu : Sriiraamapura oLLeya Is Shreeramapura a good
baDaavaNeenaa ? extension ?
4.5.3 maga ___ magana
Suresh : alla. adu oLLeya No, It is not a good
sanjaya __________
baDaavaNe alla. keTTa extension. It is a bad one
rameeSa __________ baDaavaNe
kamala __________
lalita __________ Ramu : oLLeya baDaavNe Which is the good
yaavudu ? extension ?
4.5.4 neharu ___ neharuvina
Suresh : banaSankari oLLeya Banashankari is a good
raamu __________ baDaavaNe extension
niilu __________
magu __________ Ramu : adu hosa Is it a new extension or an
hasu __________ baDaavaNeenoo old one ?
haLeya baDaavaNeenoo ?
guru __________
Suresh : adu haLeya baDaavaNe It is not an old one. It is a
4.6 Give a brief introduction about your family alla. hosa baDaavaNe new one
4.7 Answer the following questions
4.7.1 nimma makkaLa hesaru eenu ? Ramu : adeenu doDDa Is it a big extension or
baDaavaNeenoo, small one ?
4.7.2 nimma heDatiya hesaru eenu ?
cikka baDaavaNeenoo ?
4.7.3 nimma tande / taayiya hesaru eenu ?
Suresh : adu doDDa baDaavaNe It is a big extension
5. Vocabulary
Ramu : adu entha baDaavaNe ? What type of exttension
makkaLu 'children' Sriimantara is that ? Is it a rich people's
magaLu 'daughter' baDaavaNeenoo, extension or poor people's
hiri maga 'eldest son' baDavara extension ?
heNDati 'wife' baDaavaNeenoo ?
24/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 4/25

Suresh ; adu tumbaa Sriimantara It is neither very rich 2.4 adu doDDa mane That is a big house
baDaavaNeenu alla people's extension nor bengaLuuru doDDa Bangalore is a big city
tumbaa baDavara the extension of poor paTTaNa
baDaavaNeenuu alla avaru doDDa He is a big/nobel man
Suresh : adu tumbaa duuraanoo manushyaru
hattiraanoo ? It is too far or nearby ? 2.5 adu cikka angaDi That is a small shop
Ramu : adu tumbaa duuraanuu It is neither too far, nor idu saNNa kathe This is a short story
alla, tumbaa hattiraanuu too nearby avaLu saNNa hengasu She is a small/mean woman
alla
2.6 maysuuru aramane The Mysore palace is a
tumbaa doDDa aramane very big palace
2. Pattern drill :
avaru bahaLa oLLeya She is a very good teacher
2.1 maysuuru oLLeya Mysore is a good city
adhyaapaki
nagara
adu tiiraa keTTa naayi That is a very bad dog
rameeSa oLLeya Ramesha is a good boy
huDuga 2.7 raama sumitreya Is Rama the son of
moohan oLLeya Mohan is a good officer magaanoo ? kaikeyiya Sumitra or Kaikeyi ?
adhikaari magaanoo ?
raama sumitreya Rama is the son of neither
2.2 adu keTTa pustaka That is a bad book magaanuu alla Sumitra nor Kaikeyi
avanu keTTa huDuga He is a bad boy Kaikeeyiya magaanuu He is the son of Kausalya
adu keTTa uuru That is a bad place alla. avanu kausalyeya
2.3 adu entha pennu ? What kind of pen is that ? maga
adu oLLeya pennu That is a good pen adu ninna pennoo Is it your pen or your
ninna tammana pennoo / younger brother's ?
idu entha kadambari ? What kind of novel is this ?
adu nanna pennuu alla It is neither my pen nor
idu keTTa kadambari This is a bad novel
nanna tammana pennu my younger brother's It is
avaLu entha naTi ? What kind of actress is she ?
alla. nanna tangiya my younger sister's pen
avaLu keTTa naTi She is a bad actress
pennu
avanu oLLeya NaTa He is a good actor
26/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 4/27

3. Key to learners : 4.2.2 adu ____________ gaDiyaara (big)

3.1 OLLeya 'good', keTTa 'bad', hosa 'new', haleya 'old' are 4.2.3 adu tumbaa doDDa ____________ (extension)
qualitative adjectives. doDDa 'big' cikka, saNNa 'small'
are quantitative adjectives. These adjectives always 4.3 Use the following words in your own sentences
precede nouns. doDDa and saNNa may refer to either the 4.3.1 mane
size of an object or the quality of a person.
4.3.2 hosa
adu doDDa mane
4.3.3 doDDa
avanu doDDa manushya
4.3.4 entha
3.2 Note that tumbaa, bahaLa and tiira, are the intensifiers. 4.3.5 saNNa
They always precede the adjectives
avanu tumbaa oLLeya manushya 4.4 Translate into kannada
4.4.1 It is a very good novel'
3.3 - uu is a conjuctive marker which is used to co-ordinate
4.4.2 Whose story is this ?
two or more terms. If it is used with the subject along with
'alla', it gives the meaning 'neither,--nor ! 4.4.4 Jayanagara is a good extension
avanu raviya aNNanuu alla, tammanuu alla 4.4.5 It is a big city
4.4.6 It is a good old house
3.4 entha 'what type of' is a qualitative interorragative
adjective. 4.5 Answer the following questions
4.5.1 karnaaTakada raajadhaani yaavudu ?
4. Exercise : 4.5.2 nimma doDDa magana hesaru eenu ?
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the appropriate word
4.5.3 adu nimma haLeya manenooo hosa maneenoo ?
4.1.1 adu ____________ sinimaa
4.5.4 nimma baDaavaNeya hesaru eenu ?
4.1.2 bengaLuuru ____________paTTaNa
4.5.5 nimma baDaavaNe do DDadaa ?
4.1.3 avanu nanna ____________ aNNa
4.1.4 avaLu nanna tammana ____________ magaLu 5. Vocabulary :
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the kannada equivalents of the entha 'what type of'
English words in the bracket oLLeya 'good'
4.2.1 reekhaa ____________ oLLeya naTi (very) keTTa 'bad'
28/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 5/29

cikka 'small' LESSON - 5

doDDa 'big'
1. Dialogue :
baDaavaNe 'extension'
saNNa 'small' Swamy : nimmadu baaDige Is yours a rented house ?
maneenaa ?
hattira 'near by'
haLeya 'old' Ranga : alla. nannadu baaDige No. Mine is not a rented
hosa 'new' mane alla. svanta mane house. It is my own
Swamy : mane hosadaa ? Is it a new house ?
5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary :
Ranga : havdu. hosadu Yes. a new one
aramane 'palace'
gaDiyaara 'watch / clock' Swamy : doDDadaa ? Is it big ?
naTa 'Actor' Ranga : swalpa doDDadu Some what big
naTi 'Actress' Swamy : mane elli ide ? Where is the house ?
nagara 'city' Ranga : Jayanagaradalli ide It is in Jayanagara
naayi 'dog'
Swamy : alli yaavudaadaruu Is there any house for rent?
paTTana 'city' baaDige mane ideyaa ?
manushya 'man'
Ranga : illa. yaavuduu illa no. There is none
hengasu 'woman'
Swamy : beere elliyaadaru Is there one, elsewhere ?
ideyaa ?
Ranga : raajaaji nagaradalli ide There is one in
Raajajinagar
Swamy : rajaaji nagara duura Raajaji nagar is far off
banaSankari hattira Banashankari is near
alli yaavuduu liva ? Is there not one ?
Ranga : illa No
30/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
Swamy : raajaaji nagarada mane Whose house is the one in
yaaradu ? Raajajinagar ?
Ranga : nanna sneehitanadu
Swamy : elli ide ?
Ranga : navarang thiyeeTar
hattira ide
Swamy : gurutu eenaadaruu
ideyaa ?
Ranga : mane munde navarang
thiyeTar ide. hinde
ondu angaDi ide
maneya eDa pakkadalli
bala pakkadalli tengina
mara ide
Swamy : aa mane doDDadaa ?
Ranga : havdu. sumaaru
doDDadu
Swamy : nimma sneehita
enthavaru ?
Ranga : avanu tumbaa
oLLeyavanu
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 aa mane nannadu
ii pustaka avanadu
hosa kaaru ivaradu
It is my friend's
Where is it ?
It is near Navarang theatre
Is there any landmark ?
Navarang theatre is in front
of the house. Behind, there
is a shop. There are coco-
nut trees on the left and
right sides of the house
Is that a big house ?
Yes. fairly big
What kind of a man is your
friend ?
He is a very nice man
That house is mine
This book is his
The new car is his / her's
Lesson 5/31
2.2 aa huDugi nannavaLu That girl is mine
ii huDuga nannavanu This boy is mine
2.3 nanna SarTu hodadu My shirt is new
avaLa siire haLeyadu Her saree is old
avara kaaleeju doDDadu Their college is big
avana rummu cikkadu His room is small
2.4 nimma cappali hosadaa ? Are your Chappals new ?
aa sinimaa haLeyadaa ? Is that film old ?
ii saykallu oLLeyadaa ? Is this Cycle good ?
2.5 mane jayanagaradalli ide The house is in Jayanagar
naayi maneyalli ide The dog is in the house
aane kaaDinalli ide The elephant is in the
forest
bassinalli jaaga ide, There is space in the bus
karnaaTakadalli cinnada There is gold mine in
gaNi ide Karnataka
2.6 nimma kaaleju elli ide ? Where is your college ?
avara haasTelu elli ide ? Where is his/her hostel ?
gaNeeSana angaDi elli Where is Ganesh's shop ?
ide ?
2.7 pustaka alli ide The book is there
sigareeT illi ide The cigarette is here
2.8 avara hattira benki There is a box of matches
paTTaNa ide with him
avara mane munde There is a hospital in front
aaspatre ide of his/her house
32/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 5/33

2.9 meejina meela pustaka ide There is book on the table. person neut. pronouns - adu, - avu to the possessive nouns
mancada keLage raamana + adu = raamanadu
peTTige ide raamana + avu = raamanavu
note the deletion of - a
2.10 aa pustaka nanna That book is my friend's
sneehitanadu 3.1.2 Pronoun predicatives : They are obtained by the addition
ii siire siiteyadu This saree is Site's of third person pronouns (either human or non-human) to
ii hosa SarTu raamanadu This new shirt is Rama's the possessive pronouns.
2.11 alli yaavudaadaruu Is there any house for nanna + avanu = nannavanu
baaDige mane ideyaa ? rent ? nanna + avaLu = nannavaLu
nimma hattira is there any story book nanna + avu = nannavu
yaavudaadaruu kathe with you ? adara + adu = adaradu
pustaka ideyaa ? idara + adu = idaradu
illi elliyaadaruu angaDi Is there any shop near by ?
3.1.3 Adjectival predicatives : They are obtained by adding
ideyaa ?
third person pronouns (either human or non-human) to
2.12 kannaDa adhyaapaki What kind of a lady is the the adjectives.
enthavaru ? Kannada teacher ? doDDa + avanu = doDDavanu
aa huDuga enthavanu ? What kind of a boy is he ? chikka + avaLu = cikkavaLu
ninna sneehite kamala What kind of a person is oLLeya + avaru = oLLeyavaru
enthavaLu ? your friend Kamala ? keTTa + adu = keTTadu
keTTA + avu = keTTavu
2.13 kannaDa adhyaapaki The Kannada
oLLeyavaru teacher (fem.) is good observe that these predicative forms can never be used before
aa huDaga keTTavanu That boy is bad nouns. (However they, can also be used as subjects of sentences
nanna sneehite Kamala My friend Kamala is a like nannadu haLeya mane)
oLLeyavaLu good person
The possessive forms of the human nouns are used in the rare
3. Key to learners : context. Whereas the neuter nouns are used frequently to
3.1 Note the predicative forms in Kannada express the possession. Whenever the predicative form is used
3.1.1 Noun predicatives : They are formed by adding the third the denotative adjective is used. Observe the following
sentences.
34/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 5/35

IvaLu nanna magaLu 'She is my daughter' 3.5 Note that by adding - aadaruu to
ii magu nannadu 'She is my child' elli 'where'
idu nanna mane 'This is my house' yaaru 'who'
ii mane nannadu 'This house is mine' eenu 'what'
yaake 'why'
3.2 When the interrogative marker - aa is added to heege 'how
predicative form, final - u drops
hosadu + aa = hosadaa the following forms are obtained.
elliyaadaruu 'somewhere/any where'
3.3 -alli is the locative case marker, which denotes the yaaraadaruu 'some one'
location eenaadaruu 'something'
mane + alli = maneyalli 'in the house' yaakaadaruu 'for some reason'
bengaLuuru + alli = bengaLuurinalli 'in Bangalore heegaadaruu 'somehow'
The changes are the same as in possessive form, when 3.6 ide means 'to be' used to denote to the existence of neuter
added to different types of nouns (ref. L. No. 3) noun. The corresponding negation for ide is illa
3.4 Post position like
4. Exercise :
munde 'in front of'
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the appropriate words :
hinde 'behind'
4.1.1 aa kiTaki _____________
bala pakka 'right side'
4.1.2 nimma mane _____________ ide ?
eDa pakka 'left side'
4.1.3 nimma Saleya _____________ eenu ?
meele 'above'
4.1.4 nanna _____________ kannaDi ide
keLage 'below'
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the kannada equivalents of the
are also location denoters. Observe that these post positions
English words given in the bracket
always follow nouns.
4.2.1 avara maneya ____________ citra mandira ide. (behind)
maneya munde 'in front of the house' 4.2.2 idu _____________ mane (rented)
meejina meele 'on the table' 4.2.3 ivaLu nanna _____________ magaLu (own)
Where as in English they always precede. 4.2.4 mane _____________ ide (a little far)
36/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 5/37

4.3 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words 4.4.4 Model : ravi -- raviyadu
given in the bracket Transform : taayi __________
4.3.1 avara mane __________ ide (saraswatipura) mane __________
4.3.2 nimma uuru __________ ? (doDDa) naayi __________
4.3.3 ii SarTu nanna _________ (sneehita) rajani __________
4.3.4 namma mane __________ angaDi ide (pakka) 4.4.5 Model : Jayanagara -- jayanagaradalli
Transform : pustaka __________
4.4 Transform the following as per the model
4.4.1 Model : cikka - cikkadu mane ____________
Transorm : oLLeya __________ jaalahaLLi _______
keTTa ___________ uuru ____________
hosa ____________ 4.4.6 Model : raamu -- raamuvindau
haLeya __________ Transfer : veeNu __________
yaava ___________ hasu ____________
4.4.2 Model : niivu - nimmadu magu ___________
Transform : naanu __________ guru ____________
avanu __________ 4.5 Transform according to the model
avaLu __________ Model : T : adu doDDa mane
avaru __________ S : aa mane doDDadu
adu ____________
Transform
4.4.3 Model : sneehita -- sneehitanadu 4.5.1 adu cikka pustaka
Transform : Kamala __________ 4.5.2 idu hosa sthaLa
raama ___________ 4.5.3 adu haLeya uuru
aNNa ___________ 4.5.4 adu nanna tangiya mane
4.5.5 adu aa hasuvina karu
akka ____________
4.5.6 adu entha mane ?
38/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 5/39

4.6 Translate into kannada 5.1 Supplementary vocabuary

4.6.1 Mysore is a big city aane 'elephant'
4.6.2 There is a shop behind my house kannaDi 'mirror'
4.6.3 That book is kamala's
kaaDu 'forest'
4.6.4 My book is in my house
kaaleeju 'college'
4.6.5 Where is your dog ?
kiTaki 'window'
4.7 Answer the following questions gaNi 'mines'
4.7.1 nimma mane elli ide ?
cappali 'chappals'
4.7.2 nimmadu swanta maneenoo baaDige maneenoo ?
cinna 'gold'
4.7.3 nimma mane gurutu eenu ?
jaaga 'place'
5. Vocabulary peTTige 'box'
eDa pakka 'left side' benki paTTaNa 'match box'
elli 'where' ruumu 'room'
gurutu 'identification / land mark' saykallu 'cycle'
tengina mara 'coconut tree' siire 'saree'
duura 'far off' SarTu 'shirt'
bala pakka 'right side'
baaDige 'rent'
mane 'house'
munde 'in front of'
swanta 'own'
swalpa 'a little'
hattira 'near'
hinde 'behind'
 Lesson 6/41

LESSON - 6 shiva : doDDadakke eshTu How much is the big one ?

cikkadakke eshTu ? How much is the small
1. Dialogue : one ?
Shiva : ondu kg. badanekaayige What is the price of a kilo t.v. : doDDakke eeLu Seven rupees for the big
eashTu bele ? of brinjals ? ruupaayi. cikkadakke one. four rupees for the
tarakaari vyaapaari : It is eight and a half rupees naalku ruupaayi small one
ondu kg. badanee for one kilo of brinjals Shiva : doDDadu kaDme ilvaa ? Nothing less for the big
kaayige enTuvare one ?
ruupaayi
t.v. : illa saar. ellaa taaja No sir. It is all fresh stuff
Shiva : nimma angaDiyalli bele Rates are high in your maalu. ondee bele Fixed prices
jaasti shop
Shiva : kooLi moTTege eshTu ? How much are eggs ?
t.v. : illa saar. iiga habbada No Sir. This is festival
siisannu. ella tarakaari season. The prices of all t.v. : kooLi moTTege ondu one rupee seventy paise
beleenuu jaasti vegetables are high ruupaayi eppattu paise each

Shiva : ardha kg. TomyaaToo How much for a half kilos Shiva : kottumbari soppu ? coriander (leaves) ?
haNNige eshTu ? of tomatoes ?
t.v. : ondu kantege ayvattu It is fifty paise a bunch
t.v. : hattu kaalu ruupayi Ten and quarter rupees paise

Shiva : TomyaaToo bele ashTu Is the rate of tomatoes so 1.1 Dialogue

jaastiinaa ? high ?
Postmaster : nimage eenu beeku ? What do you want ?
t.v. : havdu saar, Yes sir, There are no Shankara : nange aydu inlyaanD I want five inland letters
maarkeTTinalli tomatoes in the market
leTer beeku. ondu How much is an inland
TomyaaToo haNNe illa
inlyaanD leTerge letter ?
Shiva : aa kumbaLakaayige How much is that eshTu ?
eshTu ? pumpkin ?
P.M. : ondakke eraDu It is two rupees each.
t.v. : doDDadakkoo The big one or small one ? ruupaayi. aameele What else do you want
cikkadakkoo ? eenu beeku saar ? sir ?
42/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 6/43

Shankara : envelap ideyaa ? Do you have envelopes ? 2.2 ondu kilo huruLikaayige It is eight rupees for a kilo
enTu ruupaayi of beans
P.M. : illa saar. envelap No sir. There is no stock of
aa pustakakke muuru It is three rupees for that
sTaak illa. sTyamp envelopes. Stamps are
ruupaayi Book
ide available
tenginakaayi eraDakke It is twelve rupees for two
Shankara : muuru ruupaayiyadu I want six stamps of three hanneraDu ruupaayi coconuts
aaru sTyamp beeku rupees. Seven stamps of
hattu paiseedu eeLu ten paise 2.3 avanige eenu beeku ? What does he want ?
sTyamp beeku nanage ondu capaati I want a chapati
beeku
P.M. : inneenu beeku saar ? What else do yout want sir ? ninage eshTu doose How many dosas do you
beeku ? want ?
Shankara : hanneraDu kaarD I want twelve cards
avarige hannondu He wants eleven rupees.
P.M. : inneenuu beeDvaa ? Don't you want anything ? ruupaayi beeku
avaLige eenuu beeDa She does'nt want anything
Shankara : beeDa No. I don'g want
2.4 siitege aa siire Does'nt Sita wants that
P.M. : yaarige saar To whom are all these beeDvaa ? saree ?
ishTondu kaarDu ? cards sir ? rajanige hattu ruupaayi Does Rajani want ten
beekaa ? rupees ?
Shankara : naalku nanna Four for my friend, five
sneehitanige, aydu for my younger sister raamanige ippattu Rama wants twenty
nanna tangi Kamala and three for me ruupaayi beeku rupees
kamalnige, muutu aa kaaleejige oLLeya That college has a good
nanage hesaru ide name
nimma uurige eshTu How many Kilometers to
2. Pattern drill ; kilomiiTar ? your home town ?
2.1 nimma manege baaDige How much is the rent for
eshTu ? your house ? 3. Key to learners :
bengaLuurige bas How much is the bus fare 3.1 The use of dative marker is as follows - (i) ge, - age and
caarju eshTu ? to Bangalore - akke are the dative case markers. the function of the
dative is to denote the direction.
44/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 6/45

beneficiary, recipient or even sometimes possessor of 3.1.2 First and second person pronouns take - age as dative
objects or qualities. nannu + age = nanage 'to me'
The use of dative marker is as follows naavu + age = namage 'to us'
niinu + age = ninage 'to you' (sg)
3.1.1 -- (i) ge niivu + age = nimage 'to you' (pl. + hon.)

3.1.1.1 --u ending neuter nouns, - a ending human nouns 3.1.3 Neuter nouns ending in - a, third person neuter pronouns
and third person human Pronouns take - ige as and numerals take - akke as dative
dative mara + akke = marakke 'to tree'
kaaleeju + ige = kaaleejige 'to the college' kaagadda + akke = kaagadakke 'to the paper'
uuru + ige = uurige 'to the native place' adu + akke = adakke 'to that'
bassu + ige = bassige 'to the bus' ondu + akke = ondakke 'to one'
raama + ige = raamanige 'to Rama' nuuru + akke = nuurakke 'to one hundred'
tamma + ige = tammanige 'to younger brother'
sarasa + ige = sarasanige 'to Sarasa' 3.2 Numerals are introduced
avanu + ige = avanige 'to him' ondu 'one' aaru 'six'
avaLu + ige = avaLige 'to her' eraDu 'two' eeLu 'seven'
avaru + ige = avarige 'to them' muuru 'three' enTu 'eight'
naalku 'four' ombattu 'nine'
3.1.1.2 All categories of nouns ending in - i and - e take -ge as aydu 'five' hattu 'ten'
dative are basic numerals.
sumati + ge = Sumatige 'to Sumati'
raadhe + ge = raadhege 'to Radha' These numerals can be further developed by addition and
multiplication.
mane + ge = manege 'to house'
hattu + ondu = hannondu 'eleven'
naayi + ge = naayige 'to dog'
hattu + eraDu = hanneraDu 'twelve'
tarkaari + ge = tarkaarige 'to vegetable'
hattu + mooru = hadimuuru 'thirteen'
hattu + naalku = hadinaalku 'fourteen'
46/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 6/45

hattu + aydu = hadinaydu 'fifteen' The possessive marker - a is added to the first numeral.
hattu + aaru = hadinaaru 'sixteen' Observe the following examples.
hattu + eeLu = hadineeLu 'seventeen' aydu nuura hattu 'five hundred and ten'
hattu + enTu = hadineNtu 'eighteen' ondu saavirada eraDu 'one thousand two'
hattu + ombattu = hattombattu 'ninteen' 3.3 beeku 'want' and its corresponding negation beeda 'do
hattu + hattu = ippattu 'twenty' not want' are also introduced. Note that beeku and beeda
are always obligatorily used with dative subject.
Note that the numerals from eleven to nineteen (as in english !)
nanage kaafi beeku 'I want coffee'
have slightly irregular forms and as in English again numerals
from twenty onwards are expressed as multiples of ten plus raajanige niiru beeDa 'Raju doesn't want water'
basic numerals.
3.4 eshTu 'how much' is a quantitative interrogative word
ippattu + ondu = ippattondu 'twenty one' (either adjective or pronoun). It covers both 'how many'
ippattu + eraDu = ippatteraDu 'twenty two' and 'how much'

every multiple of ten is expressed by adding the word for ten to a 4. Exercise
basic number. 4.1 Fill in the blanks using the suitable words
muuru x hattu = muuvattu 'thirty' 4.1.2 nimma angaDiyalli savtekaayi ________ ?
naalku x hattu = nalvattu 'forty' 4.4.2 avaLige inneenu ____________
aydu x hattu = ayvattu 'fifty'
4.1.3 saroojana vayassu ____________?
aaru x hattu = aravattu 'sixty'
4.1.4 ____________ ondu kantege hattu paise.
eeLu x hattu = eppattu 'seventy'
enTu x hattu = embattu 'eighty' 4.2 Fill in the blanks using the kannada equivalents of the
ombattu x hattu = tombattu 'ninety' English words given in the bracket
hattu x hattu = nuuru 'hundred' 4.2.1 nanage ondu kilo ____________ beku. (brinjal)
number above hundred can be similarly derived. 4.2.2 ella saamaaniguu ____________ jaasti (price)
4.2.3 __________ ondakke ondu ruupaayi ayvattu paise (egg)
nuura ondu 'hundred and one'
4.2.4 avarige iDLi saambaar ____________ (not wanted)
nuura hattu 'hundred and ten'
48/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 6/49

4.3 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given aaru _________
in the bracket adu __________
4.3.1 _________ eenu beeku ? (niivu)
4.3.2 doDDa _________ eshTu ? (kumbaLakaayi) 4.4.4 Model : naanu _______ nanage
4.3.3 _________ aaru sTyaamp. (hannerDu ruupaayi) niinu ________
4.3.4 savteekaayi _________ ? (illa) niivu ________

4.4. Transform the following according to the model 4.4.5 Model : raaju ________ raajuvige
4.4. Model : beenDeekaayi __________benDeekaayige raaamu ________
maalini__________ hasu ________
ravi__________ guru ________
naadini __________ sarayu ________
Siite __________ karu ________
mane __________ 4.4.6 Model : kamala ________ kamalanige
atte __________ aSooka ________
savteekaayi __________
vinuta ________
4.4.2 Model : baaLee haNNu ______ baaLee haNNige maga ________
kottambari soppu __________ bhaava ________
kaalu __________
4.5 Translate the following into kanndad :
magaLu __________
I want a cup of coffee
avanu __________
What is the rent for your house ?
avaLu __________
Anitha does not want brinjal
avaru __________
What else do you want ?
4.4.3 Model : cikkadu _________ cikkadakke How much is the big pumpkin ?
doDDadu ___________
4.6 Use the following in sentences of your own :
ondu __________
eraDu __________ aydu jaasti kaDime aameele
50/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 6/51

4.7 Answer the following questions : vayassu 'age'

nimage eenu beeku ? saamaanu 'things / articles'
savitana siirege eshTu rupaayi ? savtekaayi 'cucumber'
nimma magaLige habbakke hosa langa beeDvaa ? huraLikaayi 'beans'
nimage sambaLa eshTu ?

5. Vocabulary :
aameele 'after wards'
inneenu 'what else'
eshTu 'how much'
kaDime 'less'
kante 'bundle / bunch'
kottumbari soppu 'coriander leaves'
'greens' (vegetables)
kooLimoTTe 'egg'
jaasti more / too much'
ToomyaaTo 'tomato'
tarkaari 'vegetable'
taaja maalu 'fresh stuff'
badanekaayi 'brinjal'
bele 'cost / price'
habba 'festival'

5.1 Supplementary vocabulary :

kaalu 'leg'
baaLe haNNu 'plantain'
benDekaayi 'lady's finger'

LESSON - 7
1. Dialogue :
Kamala : ivattu eshTanee taariiku ? What is the date today ?
Sheela : ivattu hannondanee
taariiku
Kamala : naaLe hanneraDanee
taariiku, mangaLavaara
namage raja
Sheela : yaake ?
Kamala : naaLe namma kaaleejina
vaarshikootsava
Sheela : mukhya atithi yaaru ?
Kamala : mukhya atithi
Dr. sarvajna
Sheela : nimma kaaleeju
doDDa kaalejaa ?
Kamala : havdu. tumbaa doDDa
kaaleeju
Sheela : vidyaarthigaLa sankhye
eshTu ?
Kamala : vidyaarthigaLa sankhye
ondu saavirada innuuru
Sheela : vidyaarthigaLu eshTu
jana ? vidyaarthiniyaru
eshTu jana ?
Lesson 7/53
Kamala : vidyaarthigaLu enTu Men are eight hundred
nuuru. vidyaarthiniyaru Women are four hundred.
naanuuru
Sheela : adhyaapakaru eshTu What is the strength of
Today is the eleventh jana ? teachers ?
Kamala : naavu adhyaapakaru We are sixty teachers
Tomorrow is twelth aravattu jana
Tuesday. It is a holiday Sheela : adhyaapakiyaru ? Lady teachers ?
for us
Kamala : avaru hattu jana They are ten
Why ?
Sheela : nimma kaaleejinalli How many rooms are there
Tomorrow is the annual eshTu ruumugaLu ive ? in your college ?
day of our college
Kamala : ippattaydu ruumugalu There are twenty five
Who is the chief guest ? ive rooms
The chief guest is
Dr. sarvajna 1.1 Dialogue
Ravi : nimage eshTu jana How many children have
Is your college a big one?
makkalu ? you ?
Ranga : naalku jana Four children
Yes. It is a very big
college Ravi : heNNu makkaLu eshTu How many daughters ?
jana ? gaNDu makkaLu How many sons ?
What is the number of
students ? eshTu jana ?
The number of students is Ranga : gaNDu makkaLu Three sons and one
one thousand two hundred muuvaru. heNNu magaLu daughter
obbaLu
How many men students ?
How many women Ravi : gaNdu makkaLu In which class are the
students ? eshTanee klaasu sons ?
54/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
Ranga : modalaneyavanu B.A
modalaneya varsha
ibbaru hayskuulu
magaLu hyskuulu
konee varsha
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 ivattu soomavaara
ivattu ippattondaneya
taariiku
naaLe mangaLavaara
naaLe ippatteraDaneya
taariiku
ninne bhaanuvaara
ninne ippattaneya
taariiku
naaDiddu budhavaara
naaDiddu ippattamuura
neya taariiku
monne Sanivaara
aace naaDiddu guru
vaara
aace naaDiddu ippatta
naalkaneya taariiku
aace monne Sukravaara
The first one is in first aace monne hadineeLa
year B.A. Two are in neya taariiku
high school. The daughter
in the last year of High 2.2 Srii raama daSarathana
school modalaneya maga
lakshmaNa muuraneya
maga
Today is Monday
bharata eraDaneya maga
Today is twenty first (of
the month) 2.3 ivaatu eshTaneya taariiku
Tomorrow is Tuesday nimma magaLu
Tomorrow is twenty eshTaneya klaasu ?
second Srii raama daSarathana
Yesterday was Sunday eshTaneya maga ?
Yesterday was twentieth 2.4 adu ondu pustaka
avu eraDu pustakagaLu
The day after tomorrow is ivu naalku pennugaLu
Wednesday ii aydu naayigaLu
The day after tomorrow is nammavu
twenty third
2.5 avanu obba huDuga
The day before yesterday naavu ibbaru
was Saturday
vidyaarthigaLu
Two days after tomorrow namma maneyalli eraDu
is Thursday bekkugaLu ive.
Two days after tomorrow avaru muuvaru kannaDa
is twenty fourth vidyaarthiniyaru
ivaru naalku jana nanna
Two days before
tammandiru
yesterday was Friday
Lesson 7/55
Two days before yesterday
was seventeenth
Sri Rama was Dasharatha's
first son
Lakshmana was the third
son
Bharata was the second son
What is the date today ?
In which class your
daughter is ?
What (rank) son was Rama
to Dasharatha ?
That is a book
Those are two books
These are four pens
These five dogs are ours
He is a boy
We are two students
There are two cats in our
house
Those three are Kannada
students (fem)
These four are my younger
brothers
56/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
paaNDavaru ayvaru
draupadiya ganDandiru
aydu jana
avaru ibbaru namma
aaLugaLu
2.6 iiga hattu gaNTe
hanneraDu gaNTege
hadinaydu nimisha ide
iiga eraDuuvare gaNTe
hannondu mukkaalu
gaNTege klaasu ide
ninage ombattu
mukkaalu gaNTege
kkafi beekaa ?
3. Key to Learners :
3.1 The basic numerals are further extended by adding -
aneya anee, resulting the numeral adjectives
ondu + aney = ondaneya
hattu + aneya = hattaneya
nuuru + aneya = nuuraneya
eshTu also takes aneya /anee and forms the corresponding
ordinal interrogation
eshTu + aneya = eshTaneya
anee is the colloquial form of aneya
Pandavas were five
members
Draupadi's husbands were
five in number
Those two are our servants.
Now it is ten o' clock
It is fifteen minutes to
twelve
Now, it is half past two
The class is at quarter to
twelve
Do you want coffee at
quarter to ten ?
'first'
'tenth'
'hundredth'
Lesson 7/57
3.2 The plural markers are introduced. There are three plural
markers -andiru, - aru and - gaLu
3.2.1 - andiru is used with relative nouns ending with - a.
anna + andiru = annandiru 'elder brothers'
bhaava + andiru = bhaavandiru 'brothers - in - law'
akka + andiru = akkandiru 'elder sisters'
3.2.2 -aru is used with other human nouns
adhyaapaka + aru = adhyaapakaru 'teachers'
vidyarthini + aru = vidyaarthiniyaru 'girl students'
soase + aru = soseyaru 'daughters - in - law'
3.2.3 -gaLu is used with other neuter nouns
mara + gaLu = maragaLu 'trees'
kurci + gaLu = kurcigaLu 'chairs'
dina + gaLu = dinagaLu 'days'
varsha + gaLu = varshagaLu 'years'
hasu + gaLu = hasugaLu 'cows'
There are few human nouns which take - gaLu as plural marker.
But they are exceptional cases.
manti + gaLu = mantrigaLu 'ministers'
guru + gaLu = gurugaLu 'teachers'
vidyaarthi + gaLu = vidyaarthigaLu 'students'
3.3 naavu 'we' first person plural pronoun
3.4 Note, how the basic numerals change into human
numerals before a human noun
adu ondu mara 'that is a tree'
avanu obba huDuga 'He is a boy'
58/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 7/59

in the same way 4. Exercise :

eraDu > ibbaru 'two persons' 4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words
muuru > muuvaru 'three persons'
naalku > naalvaru 'four persons' 4.1.1 ivattu ____________ taariiku ?
aydu > ayvaru 'five persons' 4.1.2 bhaanuvaara namage ____________
4.1.3 ravige ____________ makkaLu ?
- aru is not added after five. But from three onwards jana
'person' is the frequent use. Thus the form is, 4.1.4 samaarambhada ____________ Dr. paTTanaayak
muuru jana 'three members'
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the kannada equivalents of the
hattu jana 'ten members' English words given in the bracket
nuuru jana 'hundred members'
4.2.1 nanage ____________ magaLu (one)
jana is also used with eshTu
4.2. maadhaviya ____________ maga yaava klaasu ? (first)
3.5 Note the use of numerals above thousand 4.2.3 sureeSana maneyalli ________________ ruumugaLu
ondu saavirad nuura hattu ive (fifteen)
'one thousand hundred and ten' 4.2.4 Saalinige ____________ tangiyaru (two)
4.2.5 idu ____________ mane (our)
Here saavira takes the possessive marker - a and when
nuuru is followed by any numeral, the form used is
4.3 Change the following according to the model :
nuura
4.3.1 Model : ondu ---- ondaneya
nuura enTu 'hundred and eight' Change : eraDu ______
saavirada ombynuura nalavatteeLu
eshTu
'One thousand nine hundred and forty seven'
modalu ______
3.6 Srii raama eshTaneya maga ?
4.3.2 Model : vidyaarthi --- vidyaarthigaLu
The literal translation of the above question is not
possible in English. It is a question which anticipates an Change : mantri _______
answer in the forms of an ordinal such as first, second, aaLu _________
etc. It can only be translated as non-existent English aaspatre _______
form ' How manyth ?
mara _________
60/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 7/61

4.3.3 Model : vidyaarthini --- vidyaarthiniyaru 4.6 Answer the following question
Change huDugi _________ 4.6.1 nimma magana / magaLa pariikshe yaavaaga ?
atte ____________ 4.6.2 nimage eshTu jana tangiyaru / tammandiru ?
tangi ___________ 4.6.3 naaLe nimage rajaanaa ?
huDuga _________ 4.6.4 niivu obbanee / obbaLee / magaLaa maganaa ?
adhyaapaka ______
5. Vocabulary :
4.3.4 Model : aNNa _______ aNNandiru ivattu 'today'
change akka _________ gaNDu makkaLu 'sons'
tamma _________ janma dina 'birthday'
bhaava _________ taariiku 'date'
naaLe 'tomorrow'
appa ___________
mangaLavaara 'Tuesday'
4.4 Change into Interrogative using the underlined word mukhya atithi 'chief guest'
4.4.1 ivattu guruvaara raja 'holiday'
4.4.2 naaLe hattanee taariiku vaarshikootsva 'annual day'
4.4.3 nanage naalku jana makkaLu sankhye 'number'
4.4.4 ravige aydu ruupaayi beeku ? heNNu makkaLu 'daughters / girl's
4.4.5 avaLa hesaru Liilaa
4.4.6 adu maalatiya mane 5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary
4.4.7 avara maatru bhaashe telugu alla aaLu 'servant'
gaNTe 'hours/time, bell'
4.5 Translate into kannada
guruvaara 'Thursday'
4.5.1 What day is to day ?
4.5.2 My daughter's birthday is on 10th October nimisha 'minute'
4.5.3 We have two houses in Bangalore bekku 'cat'
4.5.4 What is the strength of your class ? budhavaara 'Wednesday'
4.5.5 How many daughters do you have ? bhaanuvaara 'Sunday'
62/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

soomavaara 'Monday' LESSON - 8

Sanivaara 'Saturday'
Sukravaara 'Friday' 1. Dialogue :
BaTTe vyaapaari : eenu beeku saar ? What do you want sir ?
Ramesh : nange SarTige I want cloth for shirts
pyaaNTige baTTe beeku and pants
b.v. : yaaava baTTe beeku Which cloth do you want
saar ? sir ?
Ramesh : SarTige paaliyesTar Ployester for shirts and
pyaaNTige Terivul beeku terriwool for pants
b.v. : SarTige Yaava What colour would you
bannabeku? want for Shirt Sir?
Ramesh : yaava yaava baNNa ide ? What colours do you
have ?
b.v. : kempu, biLi, nilli Red, white, blue, yellow
haLadi ella ide we have all these
Ramesh : kempu beeDa. adu nange I don't want red. I don't
ishTa illa, nilli nange like it. I like blue
ishTa
b.v. : eshTu beeku saar ? How much do you want
sir ?
Ramesh : eraDu miiTar beeku ? I want two meters
b.v. : SarTige eraDu miiTar Two meters isn't enough
saalalla for shirt Sir ?
Ramesh : nanage eraDu miiTar Two meters are enough
saaku for me
64/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 8/65

b.v. : pyaaNTige yava baNNa
beeku saar ?
Ramesh : pyaaNTige kappu beeku
b.v. : biLiidu beeDavaa saar ?
reemaanDs ide
Ramesh : beeDa. kariide beeku
b.v. : sari saar
Ramesh : nimmalli sveTar ilva ?
b.v. : illa saar. namdee
innondu angaDi ide. alli
sveTar ide
Ramesh : nimma aa angaDi elli
ide ?
b.v. : nimage vaasavi klaat
senTar gottaa ?
Ramesh : illa gottilla
b.v. : sangam thiyeeTar
gottaa ?
Ramesh : havdu, gottu
b.v. : adara pakkadalli ide
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 aa biLi SarT yaaradu ?
ii hasiru langa nannadu
Which colour do you
want for pants sir ?
I want black for pants
Don't you want white
one sir ? Raymonds is
available
No. I want black only
Allright sir
Don'g you have sweaters ?
No sir. We have another
shop of our own. We
have sweaters there.
Where is that shop of
yours ?
Do you know Vasavi
Cloth Centre ?
No. I don't know
Do you know Sangam
theatre ?
Yes. I know
It is beside that
Whose that white shirt is ?
This green skirt is mine
ii kempu pennina bele
eshTu ?
nanage kappu karcif
beeDa
raamanige nilli baaNNa
beeku
rajanige haLadi siire ishTa
aa gooDeya baNNa biLi
avara kaarina baNNa teLu
niili
Avana Saykal Kaaduniilii
2.2 ravige kathe pustaka ishTa
rajanige kathe pustaka
ishTa illa
avaLige capaati ishTa illa
nange uppinakaayi ishTa
2.3 nimage liDoo taakiis
gottaa ?
raamanige raavaNa
gottaa ?
lalitanige hindi sinimaa
ishTaana ?
ivarige kannaDa sinimaa
ishTa ilvaa ?
avaLige hattu ruupaayi
beekaa ?
nimage kaafi beeDvaa ?
What is the cost of this red
pen ?
I don't want a black hand
kerchief
Rama wants blue colour
Rajani likes yellow saree
The colour of that wall is
white
The colour of her/his car is
light blue
His cycle is dark blue.
Ravi likes story books
Rajani doesn't like story
books
She doesn't like chapatis
I like pickles
Do you know Lido talkies?
Does Rama know Ravana?
Does Lalitha like Hindi
films ?
Does'nt he/she like
Kannada films ?
Does she want ten rupees ?
Don't you want coffee ?
66/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 8/67

ivarige ardha kap kaafi Is half cup of coffee nanna hattira oLLeya There is a good pen with
saakaa ? enough for him / her ? pennu ide me
naayige ondu kap haalu Isn't a cup of milk enough avara maneyalli There is no clock in his /
saalalvaa ? for the dog ? gaDiyaara illa her house
2.4 nanage maalini gottu I know Malini
avrige raviindra They know Ravindra
3. Key to learners :
kalaaksheetra gottu Kalakshetra 3.1 The basic colour adjectives are :
huDugarige vidhaana The boys know the way to
biLi 'white'
saudhada daari gottu Vidhana Soudha kapu/kari 'black'
kempu 'red'
ivarige hindi gottu He/she knows Hindi
hasiru 'green'
manooharge kannaDa Manohar does'nt know
haLadi 'yellow'
gottilla Kannada
niili 'blue'
nanage prajaavaaNi I don't know the editor of
by adding - adu to the colour adjectives predicative forms
sampaadakaru gottilla Prajavani
can be obtained
2.5 bhiimanige aydu doose Five dosas are enough for biLi + adu = biLiyadu 'white one'
saku Bhima kempu + adu = kempadu 'red one'
kubeerappanige tingaLige Ten rupees will be
hattu ruupaayi saaku sufficient for Kuberappa 3.2 beeku 'want'
for a month ishTa 'like'
nanage dinakke ippatta Twenty four hours a day saaku 'enough'
naalku gaNTe saalalla is not sufficient for me gottu 'know'
avanige tingaLige aynuuru A salary a five hundred are model or defective verbs. These verbs do not take tense
ruupaayi sambaLa saalalla rupees a month is not and personal markers like regular verbs
sufficient for him
beeDa 'do not want'
2.6 aa angaDiyalli akki ide There is rice in that shop. ishTa illa 'do not like'
it angaDiyalli pustaka illa There are no books in this saalalla 'not enough'
shop gottilla 'do not know'
68/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 8/69

are the corresponding negative forms of the above said 4.3 Change the following according to the model :
defective verbs. Note that all these verbs obligatorily take Model : kappu _____ kappadu
dative subject. Change : hasiru __________
nanage tiNDi beeku 'I want tiffin' kempu __________
avaLige hattu ruupaayi 'Ten rupees will not be niili __________
saalalla sufficient for her' biLi __________

3.3 illa negates the verb. Compare this with alla, which 4.4 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word
negates noun. given in the bracket :
ninna hattira pennu ideyaa ? 4.4.1 aa langa ____________ (niili)
illa. nanna hattira pennu illa 4.4.2 ravige namma DayrekTar ____________ ? (gottilla)
adu ninna pennaa ?
4.4.3 ravige eraDee eraDu SarTu ____________ ? (saaku)
alla, adu nanna tammana pennu
4.4.4 nimage siire ____________ ? (beeDa)
4. Exercises : 4.5 Use the following in your own sentences :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words : (1) yaara
4.1.1 nanage _________ baNNa ishTa (2) avaradee
4.1.2 nimage nanna tande _________ ? (3) haLadi
4.1.3 avaLige sangiita tumbaa _________ (4) baTTe
(5) angaDi
4.1.4 nanage ninna sahavaasa khaNDita _________
4.1.5 raajuvige iiga kathe pustaka _________ 4.6 Translate the following sentences into kannada
4.6.1 I don't want blue pen
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the kannada equlivalents of the 4.6.2 Do you like capathi for breakfast ?
English words given in the bracket :
4.6.3 I don't like that dark red cloth
4.2.1 adu ________ siire (green) 4.6.4 I want two packets of biscuits
4.2.2 nanage naanuuru ruupaayi sambaLa ______ (not
enough) 4.7 Answer the following questions
4.2.3 Saaliniya mane sangam Taakiis _______ ide (beside) 4.7.1 nimage yaava baNNada baTTe ishTa ?
4.2.4 sumanige uuTakke eraDu capaati ______ (don't want) 4.7.2 nimage tiNDige capaati ishTaanaa ?
70/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 9/71

4.7.3 nimage uuTakke eshTu capaati beeku ? LESSON - 9

4.7.4 nimage karnaaTakada mukhya mantri gottaa ?
1. Dialogue :
4.7.5 nimage kannaDa sinimaa ishTaanoo hindi sinimaa
ishTaanoo ? Vijaya : suma leeDiis ruuminalli Is suma in the ladies
idaaLaa ? room ?
5. Vocabulary : Shashi : illa, avaLu ruuminalli illa No. She is not in the
kappu / kari 'black' avaLige iiga klaas ide room. She has class. She
kempu 'red' avaLu klaasinalli idaaLe is in the class
niili 'blue Vijaya : ninage iiga klaas ilvaa ? Don't you have class
baTTe 'cloth' now ?
baNNa 'colour'
Shashi : illa. nanage klaas illa. No. I don't I have class
biLi 'white'
muuru gaNTege klaas ide at three o' clock
haLadi 'yellow'
Vijaya : nimma profesar uurinalli Is your professor in
5.1 Supplementary vocabulary : idaaraa ? town ?
akki 'raw rice' Shashi : illa. avaru uurinalli illa No. He is not in town
uppinakaayi 'pickles'
Vijaya : sumaa naalku gaNTege will Suma be in the
uuTa 'meals'
ruuminalli irtaaLaa ? room at four o' clock ?
kaDu niili 'dark blue'
teLu niili 'light blue' Shashi : iralla. naalku gaNTege No she won't. She will
gooDe 'wall' laybrarilli irtaaLe be in the library at four
o' clock
daari 'way/path'
langa 'long skirt' Vijaya : niinu naalku gaNTege will you be in the library
sampaadaka 'editor' laybrariili irtiiyaa ? at four o' clock ?
sahavaasa 'companionship' Shashi : havdu. irtiinii Yes. I will be there
haalu 'milk'
72/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
1.1 Dialogue :
Raghava : namaskaara, cennagi
idiiraa ?
Rao : cennagi idiini. nimma
tande maneyalli idaaraa ? at home ?
Raghava : avaru maneyalli illa
angaDiili idaare
Rao : Yaake ? nimma aNNa
uurinalli ilvaa ?
Raghava : ibbaruu allee idaare
Rao : nimma tande maneyalli
yaavaga irtaare ?
saayankaala irtaaraa ?
Raghava : iralla. saayankaala
tooTadalli irtaare
raatri maneyalli irtaarw
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 naanu maysuurinalli idini
naanu iiga hooTelinalli
idiini
naavu aafiisinalli idiivi
nnavu bengaLuurinalli
vaasa idiivi
niinu elli idiiye ?
Hello. are you well ?
Yes I do. Is your father
No. He is not at home
He is in shop
Why ? isn't your elder
brother in town ?
Both are there
When will be your father
at home ? Will he be at
home in the evening ?
No. he won't. He will
be in the farm in the
evening. He will be at
home in the night
2.2 naanu saayankaala
I am in Mysore
I am in a hotel now
We are in the office
We are living in
Bangalore
Where are you ?
niivu yaava biidiyalli
idiiri /
niinu yaava uurinalli idiiye ? In which place are you ?
niivu elli idiiri /
avanu hattanee klaasinalli
idaane
mallikaarjuna maneya
oLage idaane
avaLu haasTelinalli
idaaLe
padma byaankinalli idaaLe
avaru pakkada maneyalli
idaare
nanna tande taayi uurinalli
idare
pustaka meejina meele ide
haNNugaLu maradalli ive
siTiyalli irtiini
naavu naaLe
bengaLuurinalli irtiivi
niinu ivattu madhyaanha
elli irtiiye ?
niivu beligge eNTu
gaNTege elli irtiiri ?
avanu dinaa sanje aydu
gaNTege aaTada mydaana
dalli irtaane
Lesson 9/73
In which street tdo you
live ? (pl+hon.)
Where are you (pl.+hon.)?
He is in tenth class
Mallikarjuna is inside the
House
She is in the hostel
Padma is in the Bank
They are in the house next
door
My father and mother are
in our home town
The book is on the table
The fruits are on the tree
I will be in the city in the
evening
We will be in Bangalore
tomorrow
Where will you be today
afternoon ?
Where will you be in the
morning at eight o' clock ?
He will be in the play-
ground daily at five o'
clock in the evening.
74/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 9/75

avaLu hattu gaNTege She will be in the college avaLu dinaa naalku gaNTege laybrariyalli irtaaLe
kaaleejinalli irtaaLe at ten o' clock
hasu madhyaanha The cow will be in the 3.1.1 When id - the difinite form is used, it won't take my tense
tooTadalli iratte. garden in the afternoon marker. This will be straightaway added to the personal
karugaLu maneyalli The calves will be at marker
irtaave home
The paradigm is given below :
2.3 avanu uurinalli illa He is not in town naanu id - iini naavu id-iivi
aa kaadambari That novel is not in the niinu id-iiye niivu id-iiri
laybrariyalli illa Library avanu id-aane
2.4 naanu naaLe maneyalli I won't be at home avaLu id-aaLe avaru id-aare
iralla tomorrow adu id-e avu iv-e
avaru ishTu hottinalli He/she won't be in the
angaDiyalli iralla shop at this time
3.1.2 Whereas ir - will be first added to -t- which is non past
tense marker, then added to personal marker. Thus
3. Key to learners : obtaining the forms
3.1 The verb iru 'to be' introduced in this lesson. iru plays in naanu ir-t-iini naavu ir-t-iivi
important role as a main verb as well as an auxillary verb. niinu ir-t-iiye niivu ir-t-iiri
iru verb has two bases in Kannada. They are id - and - ir avanu ir-t-aane

id - is used as definite construction, whereas ir - used as avaLu ir-t-aaLe avaru ir-t-aare

indefinite or habitual construction. adu iru-tt-e avu iru-t-ve/ir-t-aave

nanna sneeita maneyalli idaane

Note that in the third person neut. sg. - t - is doubled
In this sentence, the friend's presence at home is definite
3.1.3 illa and iralla are the corresponding negative forms of
nanna sneehite madhyanha maneyalli irtaaLe
id- and ir - respectively
Here irtaaLe is used as an indefinite construction with
There is no person, number or gender distinction made
future proposition. This can also be used as habitual as in in the negative construction.
the following sentence.
76/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 9/77

3.2 alli is the locative case marker which denotes location. 4.4 Change in to negative :
The changes are of the same of possessive case when 4.4.1 kamala amerikaadalli idaaLe
added to the nouns. 4.4.2 nimma aNNa uurinalli idaaraa ?
4.4.3 nanna pustaka ninna hattira ide
4. Exercise : 4.4.4 raamaraayaru ishTu hottinalli klabbinalli irtaaraa ?
4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words :
4.5 Use the following words in your own sentences :
4.1.1 _____________ avanu angaDiyaalli idaane
1. beLigge 4. keLage
4.1.2 _____________ namma tande maneyalli irtaare 2. saayankaala 5. uuru
4.1.3 _____________ ishTu hottinalli angaDiyalli irtaane 3. tooTa 6. aaTada maydaana
4.1.4 nanage hattu gaNTege klaasu _____________
4.6 Translate into kannada
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given 4.6.1 At what time will you be at home ?
in the bracket : 4.6.2 Suma won't be there at this time
4.6.3 All the twenty four hours he will be in the club
4.2.1 nimma akka maneyalli __________ ? (iru)
4.6.4 He is not there
4.2.2 kamalana tamma uurinalli __________ ? (iru) 4.6.5 Will you be there at ten o' clock ?
4.2.3 nimma naayi sadaa tooTadalli __________ ? (iralla)
4.7 Answer the following question :
4.2.4 aaspatreyalli DaakTaru __________ ? (illa)
4.7.1 niivu elli vaasa idiiri ?
4.7.2 niivu dinaa saayankaala maneyalli irtiiraa ?
4.3 Match the following :
4.7.3 nimage svanta mane ideyaa ?
1. niinu yaavaaga maneyalli (a) idaare 4.7.4 nimma maneyalli eshTu jana idaare ?
2. sumati iiga aaspatreyalli (b) idaane 4.7.5 nimma uuru yaava raajyada, yaava jilleyalli ide ?
3. avaru heege (c) irtiiye
4. pustaka meejina meele (d) irtiiri 5. Vocabulary :
5. niivu yaavaaga angaDiyalli (e) ide tooTa 'garden'
6. aravindana tamma madaraasinalli (f) idaaLe raatri 'night'
saayankaala 'evening'
78/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

5.1 Supplementary vocabulary : LESSON - 10

oLage 'inside'
1. Dialogue :
karu 'calf'
keLage 'below' Raju : baa ravi, eenu samaachaara ? Com Ravi. What is the
news ?
gaNTe 'hour'
biidi 'street' Ravi : eenuu illa raaju. naavella Nothing Raju. Shall we
mundina vaara piknik go for a picnic next
madhyaanha 'afternoon' hoogooNavva ? week ?
meele 'upon / above'
Raju : aagli. ellige hoogooNa ? Allright. Where shall we
vaasa 'reside / live' go ?
haNNu 'fruit'
Ravi : nandi beTTakke hoogooNa Let us go to Nandi hills
horage 'outside'
Raju : yaaru yaaru bartaare ? Who are all will be
coming ?
Ravi : moohana, goopala bartaare Mohan and Gopal are
coming
Raju : sureeSa baralvaa ? Isn't Suresh coming ?
Ravi : baralla. avanige He won't come. He has
dhaaravaaDadalli kelasa work in Dharwar. He
ide. naaLe hoogtaane goes tomorrow. He
hadinaydu dinada meele comes after fifteen days
bartaane
Raju : manoohara ? Manohar ?
Ravi : avanannu keeLalaa ? Shall I ask him ?
Raju : keeLu. avanuu barali Ask him. Let him also
piknikkige oLLe kampani come. Let us have a
irali good company for the
picnic
80/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
Ravi : keeLtiini. avanu bartaane
Raju : mundina bhaanuvaara
hoogooNa
Ravi : eshTu gaNTege
horaDooNa ?
Raju : beligge enTu gaNTege
horaDooNa
Ravi : tiNdi eenu tagoNDu
hoogooNa ?
Raju : eenaadaruu sari. niinu
sihi tiNDi tagombaa
moohana, goopaala
puLiyoogare tarli. naanu
haNnu tartiini
Ravi ; heege hoogooNa ?
Raju : bassinalli hoogooNa. bassu
tumbaa sigutve
Ravi : naavu ellige barooNa ? bas
sTyaaND hattira
barooNvaa ?
Raju : bas sTyaaND hattira banni
naanu allige bartiini
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 niinu naaLe namma
manege baa
I will ask him. He will
come
Let us go next Sunday
At what time shall we
start ? 2.2
Let us start at eight o'
clock in the morning
What snacks shall we
take ?
Anything is allright. You
bring sweets. Let
Mohana and Gopal 2.3
bring tamarind rice. I
shall bring fruits
How shall we go ?
2.4
Let us go by bus. Buses
are available in plenty
Where shall we come ?
Shall we come to the bus 2.5
stand ?
You come to the bus
stand. I shall come there
2.6
(you.sg.) Come to my
house tomorrow
Lesson 10/81
niinu kaafi KuDi (you. sg) Drink Coffee
niinu ii baaLe haNNu (you.sg) Eat this banana
tinnu
niinu iiga kaaleeJige (you.sg) Go to college
hoogu now
niivu naaLe namma (you. hon. pl.) Come to
manege banni my house tomorrow
niivu kaafi KuDiyiri (you. hon. pl.) Drink
Coffee
niivu ii baaLe haNNu (you. hon. pl.) Eat this
tinni banana
niivu iiga kaaleeJige (you.hon. pl.) Go to
hoogi college now
naanu nimma manege Shall I come to your
naaLe barlaa ? house tomorrow ?
naanu kaafi kuDiyalaa ? Shall I drink coffee ?
naavu nimma manege Shall we come to your
barooNavaa ? house ?
naavu uurige hoogooNavaa ? Shall we go to home
town ?
naavu naaLe beLigge Let us go to Chamundi
caamunDi beTTakke hill tomorrow morning
hoogooNa
naavu iiga kaafi Let us drink coffee now
kuDiyooNa
avanu madaraasige hoogali Let him go to Madras
rameeSa oLage barali Let Ramesh come in
82/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 10/83

Kamala haalu kuDiyali Let Kamala drink the kuDi + iri = kuDiyiri 'you (pl. hon.) drink
milk bare + iri = bareyiri 'you (pl. hon.) write
hasu hullu tinnali Let the cow eat the grass
Note the addition of -y -
2.7 naanu sinimaakke bartini I shall come to movie -i is added to all other nouns
naavu dinaa jileebi tintii We eat jileebis everday tinnu + i = tinni 'you (pl. hon.) eat
niinu beLigge kaafi Do you drink coffee in hoogu + i = hoogi 'you (pl. hon.) go
the kuDiitiyaa ? morning ? baa + i = banni 'you (pl. hon.) come
niivu sanje tiNDi tintiiraa ? Do you eat tiffin in the Note that the final -u drops in the above combination.
evening ? baa changes into ban before it takes imperative plural
moohana iiga bartaane Mohan comes now form. taa 'to bring' also behaves like baa. These two verbs
have two bases viz., bar, ban and tar, tan. Observe in the
nanna heNDati avaLa My wife will go to her
coming lessons how these bases are added to higher
taayiya manege hoogtaaLe mother's house
constructions. These forms are also used as honorafic
nanna maava naaLe My father - in - law comes singular forms.
bartaare tomorrow
3.2 Permissive form is obtained by adding - ali to the verb
magu hallu kuDiyatte The child drinks milk root. These forms are operated only with third person
makkaLu hallu kuDiyutve Children drink milk subjects. It is possible with first person singular subject in
interrogative construction. Observe the following
3. Key to learners : examples
3.1 Main verbs are introduced in this lesson. Verb root itself is hoogu + ali = hoogali
used as an imperative, which is always in second person kuDi + ali = kuDiyali
singular form. Observe the following sentences.
avanu hoogali 'let him go'
niinu baa 'you come' avaLu hoogali 'let her go'
niinu hoogu 'you go'
avaru hoogali 'let them go'
The imperative singular forms can be changed into adu hoogali 'let it go'
imperative plural forms by adding -iri or -i , - iri is addeds avu hoogali 'let them go'
to the verbs ending with - i or -e.
84/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 10/85

naanu ellige hoogali ? 'Where shall I go' ? tenses is nullified. - t - is used as non-past tense marker.
naanu eenu kuDiyali ? 'What shall I drink' ? The future ideas are expressed by adding time aspect to the
non-past tense form
Note that the above sentences with first person singular
subject are in interrogative form making use of naanu kaafi kuDiitiini 'I drink coffee'
interrogative pronouns. It is also possible to have the
interrogative sentences by adding -aa, the interrogative naanu naaLe uurige hoogtiini 'I will go to my
suffix, thus obtaining the meaning - 'may I ..........'. - al - native place
will be addid to verb root as infinitive marker and then - tomorrow'
aa is added. The structure of non - past tense is
verb root + non-past tense + pronminal
naanu uurige hoogalaa ? 'may I go to home town' ?
termination
naanu kaafi kuDiyalaa ? 'may I drink coffee ?
hoogu + t + iini = hoogtiini
3.3 'Let us go' type of structure (which is known as hortative
form) is obtained in Kannada by adding - ooNa to the verb The subject and the predicate agreement in verbal
root in first person plural subject construction is strictly maintained in Kannada

hoogu + ooNa = hoogooNa 'let us go' Observe the following paradigm

tinnu + ooNa = tinnoNa 'let us eat' naanu hoog - t - iini naavu hoog - t -iivi
(hoogutteene) (hoogutteeve)
kuDi + ooNa = kuDiyooNa 'let us drink'
tar + ooNa = tarooNa 'let us bring' niinu hoog - t - iiye niivu hoog - t - iiri
(hooguttiiye) (Hooguttiiri)
When the iterrogative suffix - aa is added to hortative avanu hoog-t-aane avaru hoog-t-aare
form, -v- is added as an addition (hooguttaane) (hooguttaare)
hoogooNa + aa = hoogooNavaa ? 'shall we go ?' avaLu hoog-t-aaLe
barooNa + aa = barooNavaa ? 'shall we come ?' (hooguttaaLe)

3.4 Non-past tense marker - t - is introduced with main verbs. adu hoogu-tt - e / hoog - t - ade avu hoog - t - ave /
Strictly speaking there is no present tense marker in hooga - t - ve
Kannada. Traditonal grammars describe -t- as present (hooguttade) (hooguttave)
tense marker and -v- as future tense marker. However in
modern spoken Kannada the difference between these two The forms given in paranthesis are standard written forms
86/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 10/87

3.1.5 The non-past negation is obtained by adding alla to the 4.3 Interrogate
verb root 4.3.1 havdu. idu pustaka
tinnu + alla = tinnalla 'do not eat' 4.3.2 aagaLi. hoogooNa
kuDi + alla = kudiyalla 'do not drink'
4.3.3 illa. raaju baralla
There is no number, gender distinction in negative 4.3.4 havdu. bassu eNTu gaNTege horaDatte
construction.
4.4 Change the form according to the model
3.1.6 The accusative (objective case) marker - annu/anna is 4.4.1 Model : avanu + annu = avanannu
also introduced in this lesson. Accusative case marker is Change : ivanu _______
mostly optional with neuter nouns. It is obligatorily used
avaLu _______
with human nouns and plural nouns.
adu _________
kaaDu _______
4. Exercise bassu ________
4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words
4.1.1 ______ bhaanuvaara bengaLuurige hoogooNa 4.4.2 Model : mara + annu = maravannu
4.1.2 naanu _________ tarali ? Change : pustaka _______
hanNa ________
4.1.3 _________ bas sTyaaND hattira banni
dina __________
4.1.4 _________ beLigge kaafi kudiitaane
4.1.5 siitaa naaLe uurige _________ 4.4.3 Model : mane + annu = maneyannu
Change : naayi _________
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given kathe _________
in the bracket
siite __________
4.2.1 ayyoo. naanu eenu ____________ ? (maaDu) ravi __________
4.2.2 paapa. avanu manege ___________ (hoogu)
4.2.3 naavu uurige eshTu gaNTege ______ ? (horaDu) 4.5 Use the following verbs with non - past tense markers in
all persons
4.2.4 sandhya yaavaaga amerikaakke ______ ? (hoogu)
1. baru 2. horaDu 3. tinnu
4.2.5 niivu naaLe namma manege ___________ (baa)
4. keeLu 5. kuDi
88/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 10/89

4.6 Translate into kannada sihi tiNDi 'sweets'

4.6.1 I listen to music over the radio ? horaDu 'to start'
4.6.2 Who will come with you ? hoogu 'to go'
4.6.3 What shall I bring for you ?
4.6.4 Let him go to a movie 5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary
4.6.5 Please, take this coffee iiga 'now'
4.6.6 Shall we go to Mangalore today ? kuDi 'to drink'
tinnu 'to eat'
4.7 Answer the following questions hullu 'grass'
4.7.1 niivu ivattu saayankaala ellige hoogtiiri ?
4.7.2 niivu yaava kelasa maaDtiiri ?
4.7.3 niivu ivattu sanje sinimaake hoogtiiraa ?
4.7.4 rajaa dinadalli nimma manege sneehitaru bartaaraa ?
4.75 niivu beligge eshTu ganTege tinDi tintiiri ?

5. Vocabulary :
keLu 'to ask / to listen'
togoNDu hoogu 'to carry'
tagombaa 'to bring'
tiNDi 'snacks' / 'breakfast'
nandi beTTa 'Nandi hills'
puLiyoogare 'tamarind rice'
baa 'to come'
mundina vaara 'next week'
sigu 'to be available'
90/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 11/91

o - 11 w : z. Cgq C Yes. They are twin

UgU. cities
1. Dialogue :
g : zsgqP I have to go to g : zqz Is Hubli or Dharwar
UP. Aiit Dharwar. is the bus zsgq zqz ? bigger ?
MAiz, g Aiit journey or train jour
w : zsgqQAv Hubli is bigger than
MAiz ? ney better ?
zqz Dharwar
w : AiitQAv g Train journey is better
Aiit MAiz. than bus journey. The g : Aiiz z Uv ? Which one comes first ?
VAv gU bd train fare is less than w : z Uv Hubli comes first
Pr. the bus fare. Don't go
Ur by bus. g : Qvg JP Can one go quickly in
U Uz ? the Kittor express ?
g : g Aii iU Which way does the
Uv ? train go ? w : Uz. C Yes. Where do you
JU UP ? have to go there ?
w : CgPg iU Uv It goes via Arasikere

g : Cz MAz iU ? Is that the only route ? g : AinU UP I have to go to the

g Dm University. Are autos
w : UAvP iU One can go via Uv ? availabel at the railway
Uz. Guntakal also station ?
g : Aiiz wg ? Which one is shorter ? w : Uv. Dzg Dmz Yes the are. But
Ur. Pz don't go by auto
w : UAvPVAv CgPg The Arasikere route is
iU w shorter than the Uv. Plenty of busses are
Guntakal route V available. Go by bus

g : zsgq Jgq Are Hubli and g : A gP Is a seat available for

wg EAii ? Dharwar close to each g m Uz? next Monday ?
other ?
92/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 11/93

w : P. MAz g z Difficult. It has to be U v g You have to give me

j iqP. E reserved one week PqP ten rupees
vq iqgz earlier. You shouldn't
delay things this much. w U g One must read the
NzP newspapers every
2. Pattern drill morning
2.1 AUjVAv g Mysore is smaller than PlPz Jg Pq Everyone in Karnataka
aPz. Bangalore PAiP should learn kannada

gVAv gt Ravana is braver than 2.3 D P iqq (You) Don't do that

zsAi. Rama (deed)
Z P PrAir (You) Don't drink too
VAv i aP Malini is younger/
much coffee
smaller than Shalini
C VAv Jvg He is taller than me 2.4 MU gz You may come in
Cg zU He may go to Madras
D PQAv F P MAiz This party is better Uz. tomorrow.
than that party.
2.5 zs iqgz One shouldn't smoke
AwU VAv U A rose is more beautiful C AiPqz You shouldn't scold
Azg than a cryasnthemum him

gAsVAv P Menaka is more P i Children shouldn't see

Azj beautiful than Rambha qgz movies everyday

D rVAi You shouldn't see that

AUjVAv g Mysore is a more
qPqz. girl.
Azgz Ug beautiful city than
Bangalore
2. Key to learners :
2.2 HjU UP I have to go to my 3.1 - inta is the comparitive marker. It is used to
home town compare two subjects or objects. Kannada has no
distinction of degrees in adjective itself unlike.
94/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 11/95

English. Only intensifiers like 'bahaLa', 'tumba' 'tiira', are avanu naaLe barabahudu He may come
used to indicate the superlative degree. - inta is always tomorrow.
used with dative subject.
There are two prohibitive forms viz., - baaradu, and
nanage kannaDa sinimakkinta hindi sinimaa ishTa. kuuDadu, The later one is used as strong prohibition.
bengaLuuriginta kalkatta doDDa nagara.
adkhikaarigaLu lanca tegedukoLLa baaradu
3.2 Definitive, permissive and prohibitive forms of the verbs Officers should not take bribe
also introduced.
makkaLu sigareeT seeda kuuDadu
definitive forms are obtained by adding 'beeku' 'beeDa', to Children shouldn't smoke
the main verbs. 'beeDa', is added to only second person.
Wheas 'beeku', can be added to all persons.
4. Exercise
niinu ivattu uurige hooga beeDa Dont go to home 4.1 Fill in the blanks using the suitable words :
town today 4.1.1 zgz PAzgz Jgq ______ UgU
niivu namma manege bara beeDi (You pl/hon.) 4.1.2 g z ____________ Uv.
don't come to
4.1.3 _________ sg AUjU UP.
our house
4.1.4 JP __________ Uz.
naanu bahaLa beega hoogabeku I have to go
soon
niinu aa pustaka ooda beeku You have to read 4.2 Combine the following sentences using the comparitive
that book marker :
4.2.1 AUg zq lt
avanu hattu ruupayi koDa beeku He has to give
ten rupees. g aP lt
permissive forms of the verbs are obtained by adding - 4.2.2 gU v
bahudu to the main verbs. Although this is called PtU gq
perrmissive, it can also denotes probability.
4.2.3 F P MAiz
niinu nanna jate barabahudu You may come D P Plz
with me
naanu sanje ninage sigabahadu I may meet you 4.2.4 P Azj
in the evening. vA Azj
96/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 11/97

4.3 Use the following words in your own sentences : U 'rose'

Pz, U, Aiit, iU, z, Pr zs 'smoking'

4.4 Translate into Kannada : zsAi 'brave person'

4.4.1 Mysore is smaller than Bangalore P 'party'
4.4.2 Train journey is more comfortable than bus journey Ai 'to scold'
4.4.3 She is taller than me
Azg 'beautiful (N)'
4.4.4 You may go now
4.4.5 Please, don't talk to me Azj 'beautiful women'
4.4.6 I have to go to Delhi next week AwU 'crysanthemum'
4.4.7 You should not smoke 'flower'
4.4.8 He shouldn't do that work

4.5 Answer the following questions

4.5.1 v UAmU PP UP ?
4.5.2 VAv Pz aVzAii ?
4.5.3 VAv v / vAV Jvg ?
4.5.4 Ai Ugm zPqz ?

5. Vocabulary
C UgU 'twin cities'
Zd 'fare'
vq 'late'
Aiit 'journey'
U 'early/quickly'
iU 'route/via'

4.1 Supplementary vocabulary :

Jvg 'tall'
P 'to learn'
 Lesson 12/99

o - 12 ivqz Cs practise to speak. By

iqP. Cz doing that they can get
1. Dialogue : iqzjAz jPAi through.
g : g, PtU Pq When is the Kannada Ug
jP AiiU ? examination for
Manohar and Kannan ? g : z. Pt Yes. kannan has no
Uzg Ci doubt of passing the
g : A wAU Next month
E. gz examination. Only
g : F jz Will they get through Ci Manohar has doubts
iqg ? this time atleast ?
g : AiiP ? C jAiiV Why doesn't he try
g : K iqg Uw No idea as to what they Aivq ? properly ?
will do
g : CjU ivqz, Do they know to speak g : q. Cz vAzg He soesn't. That is the
gAiz ZV gv ? and write well ? problem

g : gU ivqP Manohar knows well to g : CU P. He should be told

ZV gv. gAizP speak. He doesn't know g : Cz z. CU These things can't be
g to write. Cx DUP told. He must under
g : C Pq PAizP He goes for tuition to stand it himself.
lU U learn kannada
2. Pattern drill :
g : U C He goes, that is all
2.1 U Px Pz E. I like listening to stories
g : Pt ? Kannan ? qUjU z z It is easy to advise
g : C gAi. Dzg He can write, but can't s youngsters
ivqg speak
Hlz zs g PrAiz It is unhealthy to drink
g : M gAiz Cs One has to practise to CgU water in the middle of a
iqP. E write. The other has to meal
100/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 12/101

gAiz I should see what you Cg EAx P iqz They shouldn't do such
qP write a thing.

C ivqz Aiig Who will listen to her 2.3 MAz Qlg Nq I can run a kilometer

Pg ? talk ?
Pq PAizjAz s Ez There is advantage in A ZV gAi We can write Hindi well
learning Kannada v Er wAii ? Can you eat ten idlis ?
Pl i qzjAz One gets headache by U Dg UAmU Can you come at six o'
v gv seeing bad films gg ? clock in the morning ?
Cg Hl iqzP They go to hotel to eat
g ZV q Ramesh can sing well
mU Ug meals
C dU DqzP She is ready to quarrel P jPAi gAP Kamala can get a rank
vAiig g in the examination
AQU Uzg vq There will be a delay Cg ZV Um iqg They can make a lot of
DUv in going to the bank noise
C zAz lg There is no doubt about F lg M This scooter can give
vgzg Ci E his bringing sweaters Pqz good service
from Delhi
U Z Hybrid cows can give
g Pq ivqzg (Rhetorical question Pq more milk
Az E ? implying) In speaking
kannada he is nothing 2.4 v q wg I can't eat ten laddus
when compared to
CjU g g Can't you give them a
Suresh
PqgAii ? thousand rupees ?
2.2 D g PrAiz That water is not fit to
D wP vA That news paper can't
drink
GAigz last very long
Axg CAx P Persons like you should
Nzz. not read such books. 2.5 C Pq ivqzP He struggles a lot to
vA Pqv speak Kannada
102/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 12/103

qg vA zBRqvg Poor people suffer a lot keeLoodalla 'not to be listened'

maaDoodalla 'not to be done'
Avg R qvg The rich enjoy
themselves a lot Verbal noun with comparative marker - inta gives the
meaning 'instead' or 'rather than'
3. Key to learners : aa sinima nooDoodakkinta summaniroodu oLLeyadu
3.1 Gerundial or verbal nouns are obtained by adding 'Instead of seeing that film, it is better to be quiet'.
'vudu/oodu' to the verbs. It is equivalent to - ing in
English. It functions as noun as well as adjective. 3.2 bal - and aar - are the positive and negative potential
tinnuvudu / tinnoodu 'eating' markers respectively.
maaDuvudu / maaDoodu 'doing' After adding these markers to personal markers, they are
used in the compound construction with the infinitive
After the verbs are transformed into nouns by adding form of the main verbs.
'vudu / oodu'. the case markers can be added.
tinna - bal - e = tinnaballe 'I can eat'
cennaagi uuTa maaDuvudannu kali
tinna - laar - e = tinnalaare 'I can't eat'
Learn to eat well
JagaLa maaDuvudarida kelsa aagutte Note how they are used with all personal nouns.
The work will be get done by quarrelling naanu maaDaballe naavu maDaballevu
kaafi kuDiyuvudakke hooTelige hoogi maaDalaare maaDalaarevu
Go to hotel to drik coffee niinu maaDaballe niivu maaDaballiri
maaDalaare maaDalaariri
nritya nooDuvudaralli nanage aasakti illa
I have no interest in seeing the dance avanu maaDaballa
maaDalaara
Note that - alu can be substituted for the dative case
marker in verbal noun construction avaLu maaDaballaLu avaru maaDaballaru
maaDalaaraLu maaDalaararu
avanu' kaafi kuDiyalu hooTelige hoogtaane
adu maaDaballadu avu maaDaballavu
He goes to hotel to drink coffee
maaDalaaradu maaDalaaravu
The negative verbal noun is obtained by the addition of
'alla' to the verbal noun, and it is used only as a part of 'balla' is also has another meaning 'to know' in
predicate. independent position.
104/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 12/105

3.3 - inda in Kannada is instrumental as well as ablative case. 4.2 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words
Although - inda is a homophonus form. given in the bracket :
functionally it maintains the distinction. Observe the 4.2.1 C __________ Aiig Pz ? (q)
following sentences.
4.2.2 Cg iv __________ P (P)
avanu pennininda bariitaane 4.2.3 D i _________ UP (q)
'He writes with pen'
4.2.4 D g ________ (Pr)
avanu aafisige haasTelininda bartaane
'He comes from hostel to office' 4.3 Transform into negative sentences :
In the above sentences, first one is instrumental and the 4.3.1 Cg D P iqg
second one is ablative. 4.3.2 FU U UP ?
Instrumental denotes the accomplishment of the action 4.3.4 C D i qz.
with an instrument.
4.3.4 P Ugm zz.
Ablative denotes the source from which action began.
4.3.5 D t wz
3.4 paDu 'to feel' is used with nouns like kashTa, sukha,
dukha, santoosha etc. (nouns expressing feelings.) , thus 4.4 Combine the following and use them is your own
getting the compound verbs like, kashTapaDu, sukha sentences :
paDu. dukha paDu 4.4.1 g + C = __________
Pg + C = __________
4. Exercise : + C = __________
4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words : CzsPg + C = __________
4.1.1 jU _____________ Uv ?
4.1.2 C ___________ jU g 4.4.2 + EAz = __________
g + EAz = __________
4.1.3 Cg EU ___________
Hg + EAz = __________
4.1.4 jPAi gAP vUzPzP _________ qP.
v + EAz = __________
106/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 12/107

4.4.3 g + dative case = __________ 5. Vocabulary :

C + dative case = __________ Cx DU 'to understand'
+ dative case = __________ Ci 'doubt'
Cz + dative case = __________ F j 'this time'
+ dative case = __________ vAzg 'trouble'
4.4.4 n + C = __________ Aivq 'to try'
Px + C = __________ ivq 'to speak'
Pq + C = __________
Ez + C = __________
5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary :
4.5 Transform the following verbs into Gerundial forms. Add
CgU 'ill health'
all the case markers and use them in your own sentences :
G 'to remain / to stay'
iq, P, U, g
Hl 'meals'
4.6 Translate into Kannada :
Nz 'to read'
4.6.1 Savita can drink ten cups of coffee
4.6.2 Who asked you to come here ? Nq 'to run'
4.6.3 He cannot do that work Pq 'suffer / try hard'
4.6.4 Can you sing a song ?
Um 'noise '
4.6.5 He is going to the hotel to eat a meal
4.6.6 One should not speak like that dU 'quarrel'
v 'head ache'
4.7 Answer the following questions : zBRq 'suffer'
4.7.1 P PrAiz qjg ? g 'water'
4.7.2 U Pq gAizP / ivqzP gv ?
wP 'paper/magazine'
4.7.3 Kzg MAi P iqg ?
z 'advice'
4.4.4 v Nqg ?
108/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 13/109

zs 'middle / centre' o - 13
s 'advantage / profit'
1. Dialogue :
'hybrid cow' g : g zg FU Is Mysore Dasara still
R q 'enjoy' DZguAi EzAii ? celebrated ?
s 'easy'
g : z, FU qV Yes. It is now celebrated
q 'song/sing' DZjg as a state festival
'milk'
g : Aiig DZjg ? Who celebrates it ?
'to say'
g : PlP Pgzg The karanataka goven-
v DZjg ment celebrates it

g : g gdAzg Don't the descendents of

DZj ? the Mysore king
celebrate it ?
g : Cg v Ai They celebrate it at
DZjg. C home. That is all

g : Pgzg J For how many days

DZjg ? government celebrates it ?

g : MAv DZjg They celebrate if for

nine days
g : MAv K What do they do for
iqg ? nine days ?

g : CgAi AVv They arrange musical

PZj Krg. F concerts daily in the
PZjU z palace. They invite
110/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 13/111

AVvUg Pgg. famous musicians to D gtU day. Afterwards it (the

zg Qqv qg these concerts. They iqg. gtUAi idol) is taken on
conduct Dasara sports. g g fAi elephant back in
U Egv. procession. The
g : z Egv ? Will there be an specialities of different
exhibition too ? districts will also be there
g : z. z Yes. The exhibition is in the procession.
zgz MAz R one of the main
g : gtU JU Uv ? Where does the
DPu. z attractions of Dasara.
Cz It will be inaugurated procession go ?
Gzng. on the first day itself.
g : Cz AlP It goes to the
g : CgU APg Will there be illumination Uv. C Ae Bannimantap. There will
Egv ? of the place ? mZm gq be a torch light parade
Egv. C zyU in the evening. Students,
g : Egv. CgAi Yes. They decorate the g, A Police, Homegaurds
zUAz palace with electric UqU zs provide entertainment
CAPjg. Ugz lights. The main streets gAe qg there.
R U of the city are also
zUAz decorated with electric g : MAz j I should also see it once
CAPjg lights. qP
g : zgz R DPu What is the main
2. Pattern drill :
Aiiz ? attraction of Dasara ?
2.1 PlPz GU The Ugadi festival is
g : dAj. dAiz The elephant parade DZjg. celebrated in Karnataka
z gtU The procession of the zszsz Az The statue of Ambedkar
Vijayadashami day ? CAqg w will be erected in front
g : Dv K iqg ? What do they do on that wg of Vidhana Soudha
day ?
CgAi zUAz The palace will be
g : Dv sjAi They worship CAPjg illuminated with electric
fg. D Cz Bhuvaneswari on that bulbs.
112/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 13/113

gw Pj Every night I talk in 2.4 v Aiig ? Who are you (extra hon)?
dream
2.4 v g K ? What is your Name ?
EAVAz PqP We translate from (May I know your
sAvj. English to Kannada name?)

Cg grAiz Ev They will interview a 2.5 C v P v iq He does his work himself

i nAi Azvg film actress on the radio
today. Pgzg v zg The government itself
DZjg celebrates Dasara
2.2 gg AVv Pg Rama Rao teaches music
v UU Pr Mother feeds milk 2.6 PlPz GU Ugadi festival is celeb-
to the baby DZgu qg rated in Karnataka
CAz v We will make him to
utter the truth Cg zge iqg He worships God daily.
Cg U Pg They will show us a new
P CPgu iq Kamala imitates me
vjg car
Cg UAqUAz They will have beaten
qg me by hoodlums 3. Key to learners :
3.1 - isu in kannada has two functions. (1) as verbaliser. (2) as
gi v vAVAi v a Rama will get her causative. It functions as verbaliser when added to
younger sisters hair borrowed nouns and as a causative, when added to native
combed. verbs.
2.3 v UU gfAz Mother gets the baby 3.2 The function of verbaliser is to change a noun into a verb.
Pr fed with milk by By adding __ isu to the loan words from Sanskrit and Urdu,
sarojini verbs can be derived. This is now being extended to the
nouns borrowed from English also.
vU I will have my friend
vAz AUg shown round Bangalore
vj by my younger brother.
114/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 13/115

Sanskrit nouns : naanu avaninda aa kelasa maaDistiini

priiti + isu = priitisu 'to love' 'I will get that work done by him'
dukha + isu = dukhisu 'go grieve'
anveeshaNe + isu = anveeshisu 'to search' avaLu avaninda kaagada bareyistaaLe
aacaraNe + isu = aacarisu 'to celebrate' 'She gets the letter written by him'
alankaara + isu = alankarisu 'to decorate' In the above sentences isu is added to the verbs maaDu and bare.
SooshaNe + isu = Sooshisu 'to exploit' Both of these verbs are transitive verbs. They take objects
eerpaaDu + isu = eerpaDisu 'to arrange' 'kelasa' and 'kaagada' respectively
Urdu nouns : naanu ooDtiini 'I run'
jamaavaNe + isu = jamaayisu 'to muster' naanu malgtiini 'I sleep'
cunaavaNe + isu = cunaayisu 'to elect'
In the above sentences 'ooDu' and 'malagu' are intintransitive
English Nouns : verbs. They do not take objects. However by adding - isu they
foon + isu = foonisu can be converted into transitive.
Tayp + isu = Taypisu naanu avanannu ooDistiini
'I make him run'
Note that the above mouns can also be changed into verbs by
compounding them with 'maaDu' avaLu maguvaanu malagistaaLe
Priiti maaDu 'she puts the baby to sleep'
alankaara maaDu Here ooDu and malagu are added to - isu and becomes transitive
eerpaadu maaDu verbs. Some of the transitive verbs have an inherent -isu. They
jamaavane maaDu also take - isu and form the causative meaning.
cunaavane maaDu
naanu avarige karnaaTaka tooristiini . (Transitive)
foon maaDu
I show them KarnaTaka (myself)
3.1.2 The causative denotes the action performed through an naanu avarige KarnaaTaka toorsistiini (causative)
agent. Causative can be derived from both transitive and I get some one to show them round karnaTaka
intransitive verbs.
The transitive verb is the one which takes an object and
the intransitive does not.
116/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 13/117

4. Exercise 4.4.5 zgz R DPu K ?

4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words. 4.4.5 Alz K PAiP Egv ?
4.1.1 zgz R DPu _______
4.1.2 dAizAi sjAi ________ iqg 5. Vocabulary
4.1.3 zg Aiz __________ Krg Cg 'palace'
4.1.4 FU zg ________ DZjg DZgu 'celebration'
4.1.5 CgAi ___________ CAPjg.
DPu 'attraction'
4.2 Transform the following sentences into verbaliser Gzl 'inauguration'
4.2.1 C vVAz PqP sAvg iq Kq 'arrangement'
4.2.2 zg e iq.
Qqv 'sports festival'
4.2.3 z Cv Z CPgu iq
dAj 'elephant parade'
4.2.4 g v P Mgg w iqg
4.2.5 C ZV zu iq. APg 'illumination'
q 'state festival'
4.3 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verbs given in f 'to worship'
the bracket
gAd 'entertainment'
4.3.1 v UU _________ (Pr)
4.3.2 CzsPg zyUU Pq ______________ (P) gtU 'procession'
4.3.3 Cg nAz vgPj ___________ (vg) gd 'king'
4.3.4 g U g ______________ (vg) A 'family'
4.3.5 Cg CAz v ________________ ()
z 'exhibition'
z 'electric bulb'
4.4 Answer the following questions.
4.4.1 FU g zg Aiig DZjg ? U DZjg ? AVvUgg 'musicians'
4.4.2 zg J DZjg ? AVv PZj 'music concert'
4.4.3 zg Aiz K PAiP Egv ?
118/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 14/119

5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary o - 14

CPgu 'imitation'
1. Dialogue :
Pj 'to talk in dreams' g : AUjU AiiU When did you come to
P 'to teach' Az ? Bangalore ?
vZ 'comb the hair'
izs : Ae Az I came yesterday evening
vj 'to show'
g : J UAmU Az ? At what time did you
w 'statue'
come ?
w 'install' izs : Ae K UAmU Az I came at seven o' clock
sAvg 'translation' in the morning
v 'truth' g : AiiP C vq ? Why were you so late ?
Az 'to intervies' izs : m vqV Av The train came late
q 'to beat' g : AzAii ? Did you come alone ?

izs : E ev vAV No. My younger sister

Az. came with me

g : v g ? Didn't your younger

brother come ?
izs : g. C He didn't. He went with
Ct ev zU my elder brother to
z Madras

g : v zg? Did your mother also go ?

izs : E. Cg U No. She didn't go. Next

Cg A g week she is coming here.
EU gg.
120/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 14/121

g : , wAr w Come, have tiffin g : Aii Pwj ? In which year did you
learn it ?
izs : q. DU wAr wAz No. I have had it already
g : gz MAg I learnt it in 1980
g : Pzg Pr Come. at least have JAvg Pv.
coffee
izs : P Prz. Dzg I had coffee also. All 2. Pattern drill :
Pq right, given me a little 2.1 U JAl UAmU Jz I got up in the morning
at eight
g : FU UAm J ? What is the time now ?
HjAz Az We came from our home
izs : FU Az UAm Now it is eleven o' clock town yesterday
AiiP wAr E l ? Why breakfast is so late ?
P PrzAii ? Did you drink coffee ?
g : Ev vqV Jz Today I got up late. It is D P vAg ? Did you bring that book ?
sg q sunday, you see
gd UU qz Raju beat the child
izs : j, U wAr w All right eat soon. Let gt QlQ vUz Rani opened the windows
g U us go to Ramesh's Cg Pgzg They called me
Ut house.
wAz The cow ate the grass
PgU Prz The calves drank the milk
1.1 Dialogue :
g : Pq J Pwj ? Where did you learn
2.2 gz dgg Zamindars killed coolies
Kannada ?
PAig PAzg in Bihar
g : j Pv I learnt it in Mysore
g : C J Pwj ? Where did you learn it sgv QPn Uv India won the cricket
there ? CzsPg zyU The teachers scolded the
g : C zQt AwAi I learnt it in the southern zg. students.
s PAzz Pv Regional Language
Centre there.
122/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 14/123

Cg MAz v gzg. He/she wrote a letter. U D Ai gwj? How did you forget that
v g Ae MAz Ravi and I walked a C z her beauty
Qlg qz. kilometer in the evening U Qwv The child plucked the
Pg Cgtz g Przg Thieves cut the trees in flower
the forest. AVv J Pwj ? Where did you learn
music ?
Cg F j Z P They grew more sugar
zg. cane this time. z UAq U v Padma gave birth to a
male child
qV zjAi z The girl fell on the road
gvg Gvg Peasants ploughed the
CU m MUz. The washerman washed field.
the clothes.
2.4 P egV Cv. Children cried loudly
ZPgg P jzg The agitators broke the
law. Cg zsV P Przg They drank coffee
U Ut vv. The child stepped on slowly.
cow dung. C lj UV She went fast on the
z. scooter.
U vA v Pz I waited a long time for
the bus 2.5 sgv QAi Qz India didn't win against
Cg AUj Ezg He/she was in Bangalore U. pakistan in hockey.
yesterday U The bus didn't fall into
C v AzAiAz She fascinated him with the river
C z her beauty Pz Aig U The neighbours didn't
2.3 Dlz v. Sheela lost in the game Q pluck the roses.
UAf ZgPAz vg. Gandhiji spun with a vAz U PUz gAi My father didn't write
spinning wheel. to me a letter
P zgAvz gg Hundreds of people died F zz Az Aiig No body died out of
d vg in the circus tragedy. Ai hunger in this country.
124/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 14/125

3. Key to learners : P 'to subtract' Pz

3.1 Past tense markers are introduced in this lesson. There are v 'to push down' vz
many past tense markers in Kannada. Among them -d -
j 'to break' jz
and -t are introduced in this lesson. There is no
conditioning to specify which verb takes -d- and -t - as past 'to grow' z
marker. A list of verbs are given to facilitate the learner. MU 'to wash' MUz
Ther structure of the past construction is, Pr 'to cut' Prz
verb root + personal termination. q 'to walk' qz
The personal termination of the pronouns are given below g 'to write' gz
with verb root tinnu
PAi 'to reap' PAi
person singular plural
PAi 'to wait' PAi/Pz
First naanu tin-d-e (nu) naavu tin-d-evu
'to fall' z
Second niinu tin-d-e niivu tin-d-iri
'to come' Az
Third. Mas. avanu tin-d-a (nu) avaru tin-d-aru
Human Fem. avaLu tin-d-aLu v 'to bring' vAz
Neuter adu-tin-tu avu tin-d-avu vU 'to open' vUz
tin-d-itu Pg 'to call' Pgz

Third person neut. sg. has two personal terminations P 'to kill' PAz
namely -tu and -itu. -tu will be directly added to the verb K 'to get up' Jz
root. -itu is added with past tense.
Eg 'to be' Ez
The list of a few verbs with take - d - as past tense. U 'to win' Uz
U 'to go' z C 'to say' CAz
w 'to eat' wAz
q 'to beat' qz
Pr 'to drink' Prz
J 'to pull' Jz v 'to wash' vz
126/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 14/127

The list of a few verbs which take - t - as past tense. 3.1.2 Past negation is obtained by adding -illa to the verb root.
'to be defeated' v -al an infinitive suffix will be added to verb root before it
takes illa.
Q 'to pluck' Qv
tinnu + al + illa = tinnalilla
P 'to learn' Pv
There is no Person, gender distinction. Negation is same
D 'to weep' Cv for all persons and genders.
Ai 'to die' v 3.3 -ee is an emphatic marker. This is used to give emphasis
on the intended category.
g 'to give birth' v
(Human) idee liDoo Taakiis
G 'to plough' Gv 'This is Lido Talkies
naanu aagalee tiNdi tinde
'to weave' v
'I have already taken tiffin'
g 'to forget' gv
3.4 Adverb can be derived by adding aagi to adjectives or
nouns. When the adjective is a qualitative or a
Note the changes in some of the verbs, when -d- past-tense quantitative adjective aagi is added to their predicative
is added. forms.
kollu + d + e = konde
keTTadaagi, hosadaagi, doDDadaagi
bayyu + d + e = bayde
eeLu + d + e = edde With other nouns and adjectives aagi is added to their
gellu + d + e = gedde base forms :
biiLu + d + e = bidde tadavaagi, kempaagi, cennagi
kaayu + d + e = kaayde/kaade
4. Exercise :
hoogu + d + e = hoode
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the past tense forms of the verbs
given in the bracket :
- t - past tense :
4.1.1 Cg HjAz _____________ ()
kiiLu + t + e = kitte
saaytu + t + e = satte 4.1.2 jPAi ZV _______________ (g)
soolu + t + e = soote 4.1.3 C MAz t U ________________ (g)
heru + t + e = hette 4.1.4 U gw g UAmU _____________ (K)
128/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 14/129

4.1.5 UV vA v ____________ (PAi) 4.5 Translate into Kannada :

4.1.6 Cg Dlz _______________ () 4.5.1 I wrote a letter to my friend
4.1.7 g CWvz Lz d ______________ (Ai) 4.5.2 We walked three miles yesterday
4.1.8 AUj _________________ (Eg) 4.5.3 She wept for half an hour.
4.5.4 He died of heart attack
4.2 Transform into past : 4.5.4 He called me a fool.
4.2.1 zs PrAiv
4.2.2 U zjAi vz. 5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary :
4.2.3 P AVv PAiv. Cgt 'forest'
4.2.4 C C gAiv Dl 'game'
4.2.5 g gt Pv. P 'sugarcane'
Pg 'thieves'
4.3 Transform into non-past :
PUz 'paper'
4.3.1 z UAq U v
P 'law'
4.3.2 gvg Gvg
QlQ 'window'
4.3.3 gt QlQ vUz
P 'coolie'
4.3.4 D P vAg ?
ZgP 'spinning wheel'
4.3.5 m MUz.
ZUgg 'agitators'
4.4 Transform into negative : dg 'zamindar'/'landlord'
4.4.1 U Dg UAmU Jz zgAv 'tragedy'
4.4.2 K UAmU P Prz. 'river'
4.4.3 Pq ZV ivqz Pv v 'letter'
4.4.4 D Ai gv gvg 'peasants'
4.4.5 vAz zg. Ai 'thing/matter'
Ut 'cowdung'
130/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

'to fascinate' o - 15
AzAi 'beauty'
1. Dialogue :
'bunger'
gd : U P ? Did you meet Mohan
'grass' yesterday ?
'field' g : E. U. U P ? No. He didn't Did you
meet him ?
gd : z. nAi P Yes. I met him in the city.
qP V He told me that he was
CAv CAz. going to see you

g : E. g. K No. He didn't come yester

iZg ? day. What is the matter ?

gd : C P lAv He said that he left the job

g : AiiP ? Why ?

gd : Cg vAz Hj d It seems his father bought

PAqgAv. CzP land at his place. That is
why.
g : K d ? What land ?

gd : vAV vl. E Czg A coconut plantation. It

Zgu iqAv appears he will look after
that.
g : J JPg ? How many acres ?

gd : v JPg Ten acres

132/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 15/133

g : J Plg ? How much did they pay ? e : g z Ramesh and I went

gd : MAz P Plg CAz He said that they paid one CgAz : Aiizzg i Did you see any movie ?
lakh rg ?
g : gV. Pr . Not bad. It isn't a big
e : E. Aii i No. Wandered here and
price
q. JAl UAmU there till eight o' clock. We
1.1 Dialogue : C E vrz had coffee in Kamath. We
CgAz : U J UAm Till what time did you Pv P Prz. returned at nine o' clock.
vP Dl Drj ? play yesterday morning ? MAv UAmU
Az.
e : v UAm vP Drz We played till ten o' clock

CgAz : Aiig Uzg ? Who won ? 2. Pattern drill

2.1 U P Qv Mohan got a job.
e : Cg Uzg, They won, we lost
v gd U zjAi P I met Raju on the way

CgAz : D K irj ? What did you do qUg P Pg The boys laughed in the
Eg ? afterwards ? Were you in class.
the hostel ? F wAU Az v Ten rupees remained out of
e : D irz. Afterwards I took bath. g Qv. this month's salary.
ig MAz UAmU Around one o' clock I ate Pg Pg. Thieves entered the house
Hl irz. Jgq meal. I slept from two o'
UAmAz clock until four. 2.2 Pig U v g Kumar gave me ten rupees
Pl
UAmgU z irz.
UAqU et Hoodlums burnt the
CgAz : nU U ? Didn't you go to the city ?
wPAi lg prajavani newspaper.
e : Lz UAmU z I went at five o' clock.
C Pl qUg He was spoiled in the
CgAz : Aiig Aiig j ? Who all went ? Az Pl company of bad boys.
134/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 15/135

rU Ai m I left the rented house. U Ai Ut Pt. The solar eclipse was not
t AQ Did you keep the money in visible to me
Eng ? the bank ? 2.5 CrU irP I cook for myself.
v g Gl. My friend (fem). put on a C v m v He washes his own
new saree. MUzP. clothes.
v UAmU gnv. Bus started at ten o' clock. v aP. Vimala combs her hair
Ai Az J How many coconut plants Cg irPAqg. He took a bath
vAV Vq nj ? did you plant in front of
C Dvv irPAq He committed suicide.
your house ?
i t Pnv. The mango fruit was spoilt. 2.6 g AUjU Ramu said that he will go
P z m Children put on new clothes V CAv CAz to Bangalore tomorrow.
vlg. on the festive day.
jP Pl CAv My father gave me money
2.3 ggAig Rama Rao bought a new vAz t Plg asking me to pay the
PAqg. house. examination fee
DU gV z GAqg. Servants ate ragi balls. CU Az qP He desires to see Brindavan
CAv D
zjAi MAz I saw a snake on the way.
PAq 2.7 R AwU zU It seems the chief minister
UgAv goes to Delhi tomorrow.
2.4 C m uUAv He didn't laugh himself to
U. death zs zsz v It seems they are putting
Cg U i They didn't give me the QgAv up a fence around Vidhana
Pq prize. Soudha
AiP jAiiV We didn't start on time.
s HjU It seems my brother-in-law
gq.
ggAv. will come to town
gVt g P. Ragini didn't buy a new
tomorrow.
saree
136/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 15/137

2.8 v UAAig sgvz Mahatma Gandhi fought C C A She didn't believe him.
vAvP grzg. for the freedom of India.
vPvg R AwU The journalists didn't put
gAzgzg qjU Purandaradasa gave away P. questions to the Chief
LAi z irzg. his wealth as charity to the Minister.
poor
E C vq. We din't roam here and
PvU vA egV The donkeys ran very fast. there.
Nrz.
gAi PgdUg Visweswaraiah constructed 3. Key to learners :
Pnzg. Krishana Raja Sagar. Past tense -k - ; - T - ; - D - ; and -id- are introduced here.
Unlike the past tense markers introduced in the previous
QlQ az I closed the window.
lessons these past tense markers are conditioned in the
dv P Pg The Janatha party formed following manner.
gav. a new Government.
3.1 Verbs with cvc syllabic pattern, where the last consonant
J UAmU At what time did you sleep is -g- (e.g. n + a + g) take -k- as past - tense. Please note
Vj ? Yesterday ? that 'c' stands for consonant and 'v' stands for short vowel.
The final vowel - u doesn't have any value.
l J j ? Where did you have your
shirt made ? Sig (u) + k + a = sikka 'he met (some one)'
J o Nz ? Which lesson did you read nag (u) + k + a = naaka. 'he laughed'
yesterday ? Note that when -k- is added, the last consonant -g- is
C J Ugm How many cigarates did assimilated with -k- resulting in -kk-
z ? he smoke yesterday ? 3.2 Verbs with (c) vc syllabic pattern, where the last
Px z, Cg I narrated a story, they consonant is D (e.g. i + D; k + e + D) take -T- as pasttense.
Pzg. listened.
biD (u) + T + e = bitte 'I left'
iD (u) + T + e = itte 'I kept'
2.9 qUg v o The boys didn't read the
-D- is assimilated with -T- when added.
Nz. tenth lesson.
138/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 15/139

Although 'horaDu' doesn't have the same syllabic mucc(u) + id + e = muccide 'I closed'
structure as the above words, its past tense form is namb(u) = id + e = nambide 'I believed'
however is 'horaTe'
3.4.3 Multi syllabic
3.3 There are only three verbs which take -D- as past tense The verbs with more than two syllables. Causatives also
mark. They are. come under this category.
kaaN(u) + D + e = kaNDe 'I saw' toorisu + id + e = tooriside 'I showed'
uNN(u) + D + e = uNDe 'I ate (meals)' malagu + id + e = malagide 'I slept'
koLLu koN/- D koN +D + e= koNDe. maataaDu + id + e = maataDide 'I spoke'
'I bought' The verbs referred under the earlier past tense markers are
Notice the change form L to N in koLLu exceptions to this rule as well.
koLLu as a main verb means 'to buy'. This will also be used 3.5 anta is used in the construction of indirect speech. It
as an auxillary verb in refiexive construction. Refiexive occurs immediately after the reported clause.
indicates that the benefactor of the action of the verb is the avanu bengaLuurige hoogtiini anta heeLida
performer himself. This is obtained by adding koLLu to 'He said that he is going to Bangalore'
the verbal prticiple of the main verb.
3.6 ante is reportive form
avanu baTTe ogedu koLtaane
apaghaatadalli nuuru jana sattarante
'he washes his clothes'
'It seems hundred persons died in accident'
avaLu aDige maaDikoLtaaLe' avaru naaLe bartaarante
'She cooks for herself' 'It seems he is coming tomorrow'
3.4 -id- past tense takes three categories of verbs.
4. Exercise :
3.4.1 (c) V V syllabic pattern
4.1 Substitute and complete the sentence :
keeLu (u) + id + e = keeLide 'I asked/listened'
4.1.1 Pg vl Pg
aaD (u) + id + e = aaDide 'I played'
D ______________________
Note that VV stands for long vowel
4.1.2 Avg qg lg.
3.4.2 CVCC syllabic pattern
hatt (u) + id + e = hattide 'I climbed' ______________________
140/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 15/141

4.1.3 C f P El 4.4 Translate into Kannada

C _____________________
4.1.4 m MUzPAq
Cg _____________________
4.1.5 C v UAmU Vz
_____________________
4.1.6 jPU Pnz
_____________________
4.1.7 P Prv
PU _____________________
4.4.1 How much advance did you pay for that house ?
4.4.2 I bought two shirts in Bangalore
4.4.3 What places did you see in Karnataka ?
4.4.4 We played volleyball till 6 o' clock.
4.4.5 She narrated a story.
4.5 Answer the following questions
4.5.1 Aii i rj ?
4.5.2 PlPz Aii rj ?
4.5.3 zszs Aiig Pnzg ?

4.2 Transform the following sentences into past tense

4.2.1 U Cvz 5. Vocabulary
4.2.2 Cg egV ivqvg. d 'land'
4.2.3 gd U Pv. U 'to be available'
4.2.4 C Hg qv. vq 'to wander'
4.2.5 z Ai vA i Uvz. P 'lakh'

4.3 Transform into negative

5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary
4.3.1 Av
4.3.2 Cg V azg. Dvv 'suicide'
4.3.3 PAU AvAi zszs Pnzg. Eq 'to keep'
4.3.4 C lP rz. Gq 'to put on clothes' - like
4.3.5 g Z PAqPAq. saree, dhoti
4.3.6 U vAz t Plg.
Gt 'to eat meals'
4.3.7 C P.
4.3.8 g vA d gdg Dzg. LAi 'wealth'
142/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

Pn 'to build' o - 16
1. Dialogue
Pv 'donkey'
e : U J At what time do you get up in the
P 'thief' UAmU Kj ? morning ?
QlQ 'window'
: Dg UAmU K. I get up at six o'clock.
Pq 'to be spoiled'
e : Jz K irj ? After getting up, what do you do?
UAqU 'hoodlums'
vq 'to put on clothes' : Jz QAU I go for a walk. After the walk, I
V. QAU brush my teeth and I drink coffee.
z 'charity'
V Az
q 'to plant' GfP.
vPvg 'journalists' Gf PAq P
Prw.
i 'presentation'
'fence' e : GfPz P Don't you drink coffee without
PrAi? brushing your teeth ?
gV z 'ragi balls'
Pg 'government' : E, U Cs No, I have no such habits. After
E. P Prz drinking coffee I read the news
'company' g M. paper. After reading the news
g N paper, I have my bath.
vAv 'independence'
ir.
q 'to burn'
Ai Ut 'solar eclipse' e : vtj irg Do you take bath in cold water or
j in hot water ?
'snake'
irg?
t 'wound'
: j ir. I take bath in hot water .
m 'stomach'
144/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 16/145

D Hl Afterwards I eat my meal and I 2. Pattern drill :

irPAq DU go to office. 2.1 wAr wAz P After tiffin, I drink coffee.
gqw. Prw.

e : wAr wz? vAz AUjU My father will come to

Without eating breakfast ?
Az zU Ug. Bangalore and then goes to
: z, zs Yes I don't go home in the after Delhi.
U U. wAr noon. I carry tiffin with me. Az v. When rained and the crops grew.
vUAq V.
U AZAz PU z The child fell from the cot and
e : DU U How do you go to office ? jzPArv. broke its teeth.
Vj?
Cg Pq Pv ZV Having learnt kannada, they
: rz By bus. Sometimes it is a ivqvg. speak it well.
V. P problem getting a bus. In that
sgv QPn v v India lost in cricket and bowed
Uz vAzg case I go by auto.
vVv. down its head.
DUv. DU Dmz
V . Ravish laughed in the class and
g P P
CzsPjAz PAq. got a scolding from the teacher.
e : Ae U Az What do you do in the evening
K irj? after coming home ?
Jv vlP P A bullock broke into the garden
Vq vAv. and ate the plantain tree.
: P Prz vg I drink coffee and chat with my
ev gm friends. When I have finished C P r Pl He paid interest on the loan and
rw. gm chatting, I read something or became poor.
qz.
qz l JAl other till eight o'clock. After
UAm vP Kz reading I have meal and go to C Vq l l g She planted the plant and
bed. Qz. watered it.
N. N Hl
ir V. irPAq I took bath and worshipped
zg e irz. God.
146/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 16/147

C g PAq She bought a new saree (and nPm vUzPz We didn't see the play without
PAq Az. came) lP q. buying the tickets.

2.2 Cg nU V i They went to city and saw a qPg t vUzPz The doctor will not give
r Azg. film (and came) Ozs Pq. medicne without taking money.

AQU t Pn We paid the money at the

Az. bank and came. 3. Key to learners
Ugm Do you cough when you 3.1 The past participle / verbal participle form is intro
PAii ? smoke cigarettes ? duced in the lesson. The function of the past
participle is to show the completion of one action
EAg UA st P People laughed listening to and an anticipation of another one.
d Pg. India Gandhi's speech.
naanu avanannu nooDi bengaLuurige hoode.
C v UAmU V She slept at ten o'clock and `having seen him, i went to Bangalore.'
gq UAmU Jz. got up at twelve o'clock. -u and -i are two past participle markers in
Kannada.
2.3 Cg AUjU V They went to Bangalore and
-u is added to the verbs which take -d-;-t-;-k-;-D-;
zszs qz Azg. came back without seeing
Vidhana Soudha. and -T- as past tense markers. (ref. lessons 14 & 15)
The structure is,
zg CjU MAiz May God do them no good.
verb root + past tense + verbal partilciple market
iqz Eg.
tinnu + d + u = tindu.
o Nzz Gvg Did you write the answer rameeSa kalleejige bandu sinimaakke hooda.
gzAii ? without reading the lesson? Ramesh came to college and went to a film.
He agreed to get marry IvaLu kannaDa kalitu haaDu haaDtaaLe
C qVAi
qz zU without seeing the girl. She learns Kannada and sings a song.
MPAq. naanu laLemane biTTu hosa manege bande.
I left the old house and came to a new house.
2.4 P PrAiz I did not leave for the office avanu daariyalli sikku maattaDisida.
DU gq. without drinking coffee.
He met me on the way and talked to me.
148/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
ondu pustaka konDu bande.
I bought a book (and came)
-i- is added to the verbs which take -id- as past
tense. But here -i- is added straightaway to the verb
root. Thus the structure is,
verb root + verbal participle
maaDu + i = maaDi
naanu + peeper oodi snaana maaDide.
I read newspaper and took a bath.
avanannu nambi naanu haaLaade.
I believed him and got spoiled.
magu nidde maaDi edditu
The child slept and got up.
avanu uurige hoogi ivattu banda.
He went to his hometown and came today.
`hoogu' and `aagu' through they take -d- as past
tense, they take -i as past participle. Thease two are
exeptions.
3.2 The verbal participle negation is -ade. It will be
added to the verb root.
naanu simimaa nooDade bande.
I came without seeing a movie.
avanu nanna maatu keeLade hooda.
He went without listening to my words.
avaLu bas caarj koDade prayaaNa maaDidaLu.
She travelled without paying the bus fare.
If the double negation is used, the positive meaning
will be obtained.
Lesson 16/149
Siita hallu ujjade kaafi kudiyalla.
Sita don't drink coffee without brushing her teeth.
nannu kaagada bareyade uurige hoogalilla.
I didn't go to my hometown without writing a
letter.
3.3 The verbal participle of the verb biDu is used some
times with the past participle of the other verbs.
This is used either for emphasis or with on specifi
cation.
avanu tinDi biTTu banda.
naanu siTige hoogi biTTu baralilla.
4. Exercise
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the verbal participle forms of the
verbs given in the brackets.
4.1.1 C wAr _________, P _________(w, Pr)
4.1.2 Cg Ev HjAz _______ gg. (gq)
4.1.3 D qU ____________z..(q)
4.1.4 Cg Pq _________________ ivrzg. (P)
4.1.5 C D P __________________ Cv. (Nz)
4.1.6 dv P ZuAi ______ CPgP Av. (U)
4.1.7 g gt__________eU z. (P)
4.1.8 C C _______________Pl. (A)
4.2 Combine the following sentences using the verbal participle
marker.
4.2.1 qUg zq Plg.
qUg P rzg.
150/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 16/151

4.2.2 AwU jU Azg. 4.5.3 g nPm Q Aiit irz.

Cg st irzg. 4.5.4 C v aPAq Az.
4.2.3 C qv Ez. 4.5.5 Jg C A Plg.
C PfU z.
4.5.6 CU zAiiV Z rv.
4.2.4 P iq Ez.
4.5.7 C ZV N z.
JA. J. Nz.
4.2.5 Ugm . 4.6 Change the follow sentences into double negation.
Av r. 4.6.1 Cg A vUzPAq U zg.

4.3 Split the following sentences into smaller sentences. 4.6.2 C Hlir z irz.
4.3.1 Az AvU Av PU P zU 4.6.3 P Dl Dr g Przg.
v. 4.6.4 U Pav.
4.3.2 UAz Jz Gf P Prz g
4.7 Translate into Kannada.
Nzg.
4.7.1 He cooks his own food.
4.3.3 D i r v Az qPg wg 4.7.2 There is no drinking water without rains.
V O vUAq Prz. 4.7.3 I got headache by seeing that movie.
4.4 Transform the following sentences into reflexive 4.7.4 I bought a book paying hundred rupees.
4.4.1 C U Ge. 4.7.5 He is staying in that house without paying rent.
4.4.2 Cg Ae PP R vvg. 4.8 Answer th following questions.
4.4.3 C v Z. 4.8.1 iqz DU Vg?
4.4.4 g m MVv. 4.8.2 vi wP Nzz Ejg?
4.4.5 P o jv. 4.8.3 Ae QAU Vg?
4.5 Transform into negative sentences using negative verbal 4.8.4 q irg?
participle
4.5.1 i r Az. 4.8.5 CrU irPg? m
4.5.2 PUz gz MAz wAUv. MUzPg ?
152/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 16/153

5. Vocabulary e `worship'
Cs `practice/habit' r `interest'
P `sometime' `crop' (n)
vtg `cold water' `to grow' (v)
g `hot water' Vq `plantain tree'
iq `to take bath' U `to bark'
gm r `to chat' st `Speech'
`teeth' `rain'
Gd `to brush the teeth' AZ `cot'
5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary R `face'
Jv `bullock' (n) `loan'
`to lift' (v) t Pl `to pay money'
Ozs `medicine' Z `madness'
PZ `to bite'
P `leg'
P `to cough'
P `hand'
Vq `plant'
v `head'
vvV `to bow down one's head
zq `money'
zg `god'
154/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 16/155

o - 17 gAU : Pf iq He was not working in a

Eg. Aiiz college. He was working in
1. Dialogue: m PAAi some private company.
P : gdRg FU J Where is Rajashekara work iq Ez.
P iq Ez ? ing at present ?
P : DU C Px, P Was he writing stories and
gAU : FU etAi Now he is working in jv Ez ? poems even at that time?
P iq Ez. prajavani.
gAU : z. jv Ez. Yes. He used to write.
What is he doing there?
P : C K P iq P : C v M Was one of his younger
Ez? EAfAijAU Nz brothers studying
He is working as a reporter. Ez? Engineering?
gAU : jlg DV P
iq Ez. gAU : z. Nz Ez.
Yes. He was studying
P : J? AUj Where? Is he working in P : FU E Ez?
Bangalore Where is he now ?
iq Ez? gAU : FU AUj
gAU : E. AUj No. He is not working in Z.JA.n.Ai P He is now working in H.M.T
iq E. Bangalore. He is working at iq Ez. in Bangalore.
Hubli.
Ai iq Ez. P : gdRg FU
vAPx, P Does Rajashekara still write
P : z J P Where was he working stories and poetry.?
jv Eg?
iq Ez? earlier?
gAU : vA jv Eg. He dosn't write much. He.
gAU : j P He was working in Mysore. DUU jv Eg. writes now and then.
iq Ez.
P : qzP g Does he come to see you ?
P : C Aiizzg Was he working there in some Eg?
Pf P iq college ? He used to come frequently
gAU : z vA g
Ez ? earlier. Now he comes
Ez. FU MAzAz
j g Eg. once in a while.
156/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 17/157

1. Pattern drill AwU st iq The Minister is making

2.1 g MqAig A The wodeyar dynasty used to
Ezg. speeches.
zg Dv Ezg. rule Mysore. 2.3 C D mU He comes daily to that hotel.
j Az A demon by name g Eg.
g JA gP Mahishasura lived in w Ae Lz Shamala would be singing
iq Ez. Mysore long ago. UAmU q q Eg. daily at five o' clock in the
evening.
Av CzvV l Shantala used to dance
iq Ez. splendidly. D qUg vA Um Those boys will be making a
wlj I used to study in high school iq Egg. lot of noise.
Nz Ez. in Tiptur. Cg AiiU He always will be blaming
grAiz an Chittubabu's veena perfor- Eg Aii some one.
u g Ev. mance was broadcast over Egg.
the radio yesterday. Ravi was not working in
2.4 g AUj P
z E P Where were you working iq Eg. Mangalore.
iq Ej? earlier?
CP g gdg U Ashoka didn't fight battles like
jAz AiiU v Harischandra was telling Aiz iq Eg. other kings.
Ez. truth always.
g IUU Mahishasura didn't disturb the
vAzg Pq Eg. sages.
2.2 P Dl Dq Ezg. Children are playing.
PzAj Nz Ez. Sheela is reading a novel. Cg m P They didn't drink coffee in the
PrAiv Eg. hotel
gU AiP jAiiV Trains are runningng in time.
Nq E. g z iq E. Ravi is not sleeping.
C v Pr She is disturbing my penance. C AUjU He is not going to Bangalore
Ez. U E. tomorrow.
nAi Pg Pq Sugar is being given at Cg U A Pq They are not paying me the
Ezg. consumers' society. E. salary.
158/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 17/159

EU Z U g Enough buses are not maaDtaa idda. `he was doing'

E. coming here. tintaa idda. `he was eating'.
2.6 D P U That cat will not be coming 3.4 By adding habitual form of verb - iru to the
g Eg. daily to our house. continuous verbs, habitual continuous form is
obtained.
Cg PU U They are not going daily to
maaDtaa irtiini `I will be doing'
Eg. the club.
tintaa irtiini. `I will be eating'
C V v Nz She will not be reading in the 3.5 The corresponding negative forms are obtained by
Eg. morning. adding illa, iralilla and iralla respectively to the
continuous verbs.
ge U Z Rajesh will not be coming
maadtaa illa. `not doing'
g Eg. frequently to our house.
tintaa illa. `not eating'
madtaa iralilla. `was not doing'
3. key to learners tintaa iralilla `was not eating'
3.1 The continuous forms are introduced. Continuous maaDtaa irall. `will not be doing'
forms are obtained by adding - taa (uttaa) to the tintaa iralla. `will not be eating'
verb.
maaDu + taa (uttaa) = maaDtaa (maaDuttaa) 4. Exercise
tinnu + taa (uttaa) = tintaa (tinnutta) 4.1 Fill in the blanks using the appropriate continuous
These continuous forms are followed by the finite forms of the verbs given in the bracket
form of auxillary verb iru. 4.1.1 v U Az vPj_____(Nz)
3.2 The definite form of iru. Will be added to continuous 4.1.2 C FU AUj P____________(iq)
verbs to obtain present continuous. 4.1.3 vAz FU z_________________(iq)
maaDtaa idiini 'I am doing'. 4.1.4 Cg U ___________(g)
tintaa idaaLe `She is eating'. 4.1.5 aPzgd g___________(D)
3.3 The past tense of iru is added to continuous verbs to 4.1.6 C Ae q_______________(q)
obtain past continuous. 4.1.7 g eUU vAzg____________(Pq)
160/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 17/161

4.1.8 FU P_______________________(Nz) 4.5 Transform the following sentences into their negative forms
4.1.9 Cg wAr_____________________(w) 4.5.1 AUj P iq Ez.
4.1.10 C C qzP___________(g) 4.5.2 Cg z iq Ezg.
4.2 Transform the following sentences into present continuous 4.5.3 Cg z rU Ai iq Ezg.
forms
4.5.4 U DUU m g Egv.
4.2.1 P gAi Dl Dq Ez.
4.2.2 Px D wPAi g Ev. 4.5.5 UAq ev dU Dq Ez.
4.2.3 qUg vgUwAi U Ezg. 4.6 Answer the following questions
4.2.4 gPg IUU vAzg Pq Ezg. 4.6.1 MAz z Az J P iq Ej? FU
4.2.5 gAs HAig IU v Pr Ezg. J P iq Ej?

4.3 Transform the following sentences into present continuous 4.6.2 Pd J Nz Ej?
4.3.1 D AUg dU Dq Ezg. 4.6.3 DU / PfU U U Ejj?

4.3.2 PlPz qVAig Pgm PAiv Ezg. 4.6.4 U EU gzP AZ Pq g Eg?

4.3.3 qg Az Aii Ezg. 4.6.5 zU DUU U Ejg?

4.3.4 E vgPj Pr U U Ez. 5. Vocabulary

4.3.5 C CAUrAz i vg Ez. DUU `now and then'
4.4 Transform the following sentences into habitual continuous MAzAz j `once in a while'
4.4.1 C EU g. P iq `to work'
4.4.2 U C Ez. 5.1 Sulpplementary Vocabulary
CzvV `splendidly'
4.4.3 gvg Z iq Ezg.
I `sage'
4.4.4 E g Ez.
Pr `to spoil'
4.4.5 E U vA Nqq E. v `penance'
162/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

liq `to dance' o - 18

P `cat'
1. Dialogue:
Aiz `battle'
w : Aiig ivqz? Hello, Who is speaking?
gP `demon'
gd : , gd ivq
z. It is me, Raju, speaking.
A `dynasty'
Pg `sugar' w : K iZg? What is the matter?
v `truth' gd : zgAz Ct My elder brother has
Az. come from Madras.

w : AiiU Az? When did he come?

gd : DU Vz. I had been to office. He

had come before I
U gzgU
returned.
Az.

w : Ai Ez? Is he at home ?

gd : E, gU Vz. No. He has gone out.

w : CwU Azg? Has your sister-in-law

also come ?
gd : E CwU A. No. she hasn't come Two
evAi Eg vg of his friend have come
Azg. with him.

w : Kzg Pz Has he come on any

Az? business?

gd : z. Yes.
164/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 18/165

w : Ev Ae Ai Will he be avilable at 2. Pattern Drill

P? home this evening? 2.1 g, U s Az. Sir, there is a phone call for you.
gd : E Ae nU Vg. No. He would have gone qPg qP gVU Patients have come to see the
U J Vg, to the city in the evening. Azg. doctor.
. He won't go anywhere
tomorrow morning. v vgPj vgP nU Sita has gone to city to bring
please come. Vz. vegetables.

w : J Eg? For how many days will U u AVz. The child has swallowed a
he be here ? four annas coin.

gd : MAz g Eg. s He will be here for one Cg Pnzg. He has built a new house.
g q, jU week. They will go to Pg I have bought a new car.
Ug. Halebid and Belur on
PAqPAr.
Sunday.
D qU MAi Azs That boy has written a good
w : AiiP? C r? Why ? Hasn't he seen gz. essay.
them? v vAz MU Vzg. My father is sleeping inside.

gd : C r. MAz No, he hasn't, All of us vU P Has you younger brother got

z Az Aig had been there a year ago. QzAii? a job ?
Vz. C iv He alone hadn't come. He
g. FU C had stayed at home. Now 22. Pz zU I went to Delhi last year.
vg Azg. Cg his seems they have to Vz.
see those places.
qPAv. Cg ZAr lP They went to Chamundi hills
Vzg. day before yesterday.

v z Az We saw the film `Naandi' ten

w : U j CAv Tell him that I would years ago.
come tomorrow morning `A' i rz.
CU .
g U PUz gz. Ramesh wrote me a letter
166/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 18/167

PlPz Did you go on a tour of 2.5 ZAr We had not been to

Vg? Karnataka? lP Vg. Chamundi hills day before
yesterday.
gd AAz U Did Raju bring you a sweater
lg vAz? from Bombay?
D E wg. That dog hadn't died yet.
g UAf Gandhijis photo had
appeared in the paper zsgqz AzAig We couldn't meet Bendre in
sm Av. yesterday. Dharwar.
Qg.
2.3 Cg AiAP E They would have come by this C CPjUU AZ He had not bribed the
wU Agg. time tommorrow evening. Png. officers.

2.6 g E U U Ramesh would'nt have come

g RArv gU Suresh would have certianly
Ag. hometown by tenth.
g g Png. paid hundred rupees to
Ramesh Cg v vjR He wouldn't have reached
HjU vg. his hometown by tenth.
JAl UAmU Will you reach Madras
z vjg? tommorrow by eight o' clock. zsgAiAx A person like Dharmaraya
g. wouldn't have uttered a lie.
gd jPU J oU Raju would have read all the
Ng. lessons for the examination. PAx A person like krishna
irg. wouldn't have cheated.
2.4 U Aiiz PUz No letter has come for you.
F zz vA d Most of the poor people
A.
qg Hl irg. would not have taken food in
C g q z P No body has come to see him. this contry.
Aiig A.
3. Key to learners :
v nU V. My brother has not gone to
Dl DqP Vz. Present, past and future perfect forms and their
city. He has gone to play.
corresponding negative forms are introduced. The
AQg U E The bank has not yet given me stucture is, past participle form of the verb plus
Pn. a loan. present, past and future tense form of the verb iru.
168/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 18/169

3.1 present perfect 4.1.2 gw U MAz P ____________()

bandu + idaare = bandidaare 'they have come' 4.1.3 AUjU____________________(U)
nooDi +idaane = nooDidaane 'they have seen'
4.1.4 Cg Ae Lz UAmU U ____________(g)
3.2 past perfect
4.1.5 v Ae zjAi ____________(P)
bandu + idda = bandidda 'he had come
nooDi + idda = nooDidda ' he had seen' 4.2 Transform in following sentences into past perfect tense.
4.2.1 g, U s Az.
3.3 Future perfect
4.2.2 C M Px gz.
bandu + irtaane = bandirtaane 'he would have
come' 4.2.3 Cg ZAr lP Vzg.
nooDi + irtaane = noodirtaane 'he would have 4.2.4 AUg PgU sAz DZjvg.
seen'
4.2.5 C MAz Z PArz.
3.4 The corresponding negation is obtained by adding the
4.3 Transform into present perfect.
negative from of the verb iru in present, past and future
tense to the past participle form of the verb. 4.3.1 AwU U gg.

bandu + illa = bandilla (one) 'hasn't come' 4.3.2 Ev jP svA gvz.

nooDi + illa = nooDilla (one) 'hasn't seen' 4.3.3 C D i qv.
bandu + iralilla = bandiralilla (one) 'handn't come'
4.3.4 Aii Px Nj?
nooDi + iralilla = nooDiralilla (one) 'handn't seen'
bandu + iralla = bandiralla (one) 'would not have 4.3.5 Cg PUz gAivg.
come' 4.4 Transform-into future perfect
nooDi + iralla = nooDiralla (one) 'would not have 4.4.1 g Ae Lz UAmU gv.
seen' 4.4.2 Cg Hl iqv.
4.4.3 AUj gv.
4. Exercise :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the perfect forms of the verbs given 4.5 Transform into negative
in the bracket. 4.5.1 zU a zz AivAU Az.
4.1.1 EAgUA z g jU________(g)
170/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 18/171

4.5.2 Pv r z Pnz. 5. Vocabulary

4.5.3 Cg Pj Azg. CwU `sister - in - law'
4.5.4 Cg gePig q P Vzg. GzP `to stay'
4.5.5 Uge U Ag.
5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary
4.5.6 Cg PlP Vzg.
CPj `officer'
4.5.7 eg rz.
u `four annas'
4.5.8 g Ai Vg.
AU `to swallow'
4.6 Transform into Kannada. Azs `essay'
4.6.1 Did you meet Ramesh in Dharawar?
`tour'
4.6.2 Teachers from various states have come to learn
Kannada. `cheating'
4.6.3 Boys have gone to see the cricket match. gV `patient'
4.6.4 he had gone on office duty.
AZ `bribe'
4.6.5 He would have come home by this time.
`loan'
4.7 Answer the following questions.
`lie'
4.7.1 vAz v HjAz Azg?
4.7.2 z zgU Vg?
4.7.3 eU dv rg ?
4.7.4 Aiizzg Pq P Ng?
 Lesson 19/173

o - 19 Az rU Ez g The earlier name of

zgz CAv. Aig Halebid was Dwarasamudra,
1. Narration gdzsAiiVz zgz which was the capital of
q, g Halebid and Belur are CAv. Aig gdzsAiiVz Hoysalas and ruined by the
P
lPz z famous architectural centres zg

z U g DP
tAz Mogal invasion. The town got
PAzU. C Aig Pnz of Karnataka. The world v. z HjU the name Halebid (old
dUvz zU. F famous tempels built by q CAv g Av. township). The place which
Jgq U FV Hoysalas, are there. These was famous as 'Velapura' in
`g' JAz gtU

places are in the present mythology is now called
f A i . A U jAz zz z FU g
Hassan district. Halebid is Belur.
rU ig 250 JAzVz.
about 250 kms. from
Qlg DUvz.
Bangalore. It is only 15 kms. DUU z iq Ez U
The people protected the
rAz jU 15 temples from the frequent
from Halebid to Belur. jAz dg Er z
Qlg. invasions of Moghals by
The name of the temple at gAz a gQzg. U
covering them with sand. The
rg zz Helebid is Hoysaleswara Gz zU EAz
temples thus saved stand
g Aig z. temple. The name of the temple PAi gAiv Aw. proclaiming their artistry
j g z z at Belur is Channakesava even today.
g ZP zAi. temple. The name of the king F zU z People say that the archi-
g z Pnz who built Belur temple is, U g dPt v qAPt tects who built these temples
gd g Ai Hoysala Vishnuvardhana. At CAv d vg. Dzg are Jakkana and Danakana.
zs. E gdsg the time when he was ruling,
zz Plqz v But there is another name
iqv Ez Pz PlP Karnataka saw the golden age
JA g Ez. `Mallitamma' on the building.
in architecture. His wife
PAi t AiU
Shantala had a title - `Queen F zU AzAi One can know the beauty
PArv. E Aqw Av
of Dance'. Her contribution to rAi C s P . of these temples only by
`lgt' JA gz q z

. the art or dance is remarkable. seeing them. The subtle
E lPU z PtP U irg Pj P
The man who built Halebid carvings of the sculptors are
Cg. q z CzvVz. C Pz
temple was Ketamalla. He marvellous. To achieve such a
Pnz Pv. C was Commander-in-chief of Pj P iqzP z delicacy in carving they have
zs zAqAiP DVz. Vishnuvardhana. P GAi Vzg. z z used soapstone. The scenes
gUqAig giAit from the Ramayana and the
174/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 19/175

sgvz zU, Av Mahabharata on the walls of rzg gU. is not boring to see these again
l iq Ez vPgz the temple, the round stone on AUjAz gjU FU and again. Now there is good
P, zs sAVAi l which Shantala used to dance, a PAi Ez. FU bus service for those who
iq Eg PAig, the Shilaballikas in various CU gg AS e come from Bangalore. As the
AiV Pwz E dancing postures, finely EgzjAz UjU J number of visitors has
U U rz PtP. carved bull, all these are gifts CP PVz. increased now all facilities
of sculptors. have been provided.
F zU PlP These temples are built in
Ai Pnzg. Ez zq the Karnataka style. The
U Gvgz Ug Ai Karnataka style is combination 2. Pattern drill
AU. PvPgz dUAi of the Dravida and the 21. q U The places that we are going
Cw Jvg Cz Cw northern nagara style. On a Eg U q, to see are Halebid and
aPz Cz z Ez. star shaped plat from there is a Belur.
g.
temple which is neither too
large nor too small. Cg vj Eg g The newspaper that they are
F Jgq zU getting is prajavani.
It is not possible to say that et.
CzQAv Ez, EzQAv Cz
C U E. CU this temple is greater than that C Nz Eg P The book that she is reading
or that is a superior to this. one is `Maralimannige'
r DAP. Aiiz g tU.
should see them to enjoy
JAz tzP
them. one shouldn't try to 22. jg zz The name of the temple
U g z . C U decide which is superior on g ZP zAi. which is at Belur is Channa-
qz Q vz. who hasn't see them is an
keshava temple.
unfortunate man indeed.
F zU q
CU gg gg The number of people Ev q The movie that we are going
d. PlPz F z who come there daily to see i Z zr. to see today is `Chomana
U qzg Cg. these temples are in hundreds. Dudi'
In Karnataka the people who
M AzjU v gP Cg P jAi. The question that he asks is
haven't seen these temples are
JAvUvz. MAz j not correct.
rere indeed. Those who come
rz j U v v once feel like coming again. It 2.3 rz i Which is the film that you
176/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 19/177

Aiiz? saw? l g g A i z There is no literary form in

v Pg E. which puttappa has not
irz o N. Read the lesson which was written.
done yesterday.
Cg Pl t K What did you do with the 2.7 Cg A i Who is the one among you
irz.? qzg Aiig ? who has not seen the palace ?
money which he paid ?
Ev A P gAi Who are those who have not
2.4 Ez Av l iq This is the place where
zg Aiig? written home-work today?
Ez eU. Shantala used to dance.
C P iq Ez The college where she was l g Who are the ones who are not
Pd gd Pd. working is Maharaja's Uzg Aiig? going for tour tomorrow?
College
iq Ez The place where we were 2.8 D Pq There are ten person in our
office who do not know
Hg wlg. living was Tiptur. gzg v d Ezg.
Kannada.

2.5 Aig gdzsAiiVz Dwarasamudra, which was Ai Nzz The only one who has not
zgz v. the capital of Hoysalas, was vAV M. studied in our hose is my
ruined. younger sister.
U Az qV Who was the girl who had
come to your home ? AwAqz Pq There are two in our cabinet
Aiig ?
gAiP gzg Eg who do not know to write
Ezg. Kannada
Pz t J? What was the amount that
you sent?
2.9 Cz iqz P It is not something which
2.6 Dq lz . There is no plant which a you have never done.
C.
goat doesn't touch.
CU Uwz Ai. It is not something which he
There is nothing which he Ez C Pz Ai
hasn't heard before.
doesn't know. C.
C qz i E. There are no films which she 2.10Cz PP gz . It is a pen that is of no use.
doesn't see.
178/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 19/179

Cz P AiUz It is a house which is unfit Pq ivqg Don't give up the company of

. for living. qr. those who speak Kannada.
Cg CzP AdjAiz He is not a person who would P Ur We have awoman in our
Q. flinch at all that. Ez. hostel to sweep.

2.11 z gv E K He won't do anything unless 2.14 Pq PAiv How many among you are
iq. he is told. Egg E d? learning Kannada?
PgAiz gv C Unless you call him he won't Ai AVv One who is learning music in
g. come. PAiv Eg P. our family is Kamala.
Nzz gv jP Unless you read you won't get egV Nzv Eg One who is reading loudly is
Ai U. through in the examination. U. my son.

2.15U rU Plg Who rented you the house ?

2.12m MUAi CU. One who washes clothes is a Aiig.
was her man.
U v gz D One who wrote me a letter is
o iq CzsP. One who teaches is a teacher.
qU. that boy.
gU iq qV. One who does wood work is a
. carpenter. Ae AVv rz One who sang yesterday
Z Ai One who makes chappals is a vAV. evening is my younger sister.
Zig. cobbler. 2.16 iwU U Ez One who used to laugh at me
m Ai zf. One who makes clothes is a
gim. was my room mate.
tails U NzP t Pq One who was paying for our
qP iq One who makes post is a Ezg aP. studies was my uncle.
PAg. potter.
3. Key to learners :
z gAi P. One who writes poetry is a
Relative participle constructions, negative relative
poet.
2.13 qAi Jqv. participle constractions, participle nuns and negative
One who walks trips. participle nouns are introduced in this lesson.
180/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 19/181

3.1 Relative participle constructions : naavu tinda jaamuunu cennaagittu.

-a is the relative participle maker in Kannada. The the jamun that we are eat was good.
structure of the relative participle in Kannada changes naanu hayskuulinalli kalita ingliish maretu
according to tense. hooytu.
I forgot the English which I learnt in High
3.1.1 Non-past-relative participle School.
The structure is, niinu koTTa haNa kharchaaytu.
hoogu + a = hooguva. he money which you paid was spent.
bare + a = bareyuva. anannannu nooDi nakka huDuga ivane.
kuDi + a = kuDiyuva. He is the boy who laughed at me.
avanu hooguva sthaLa kemmaNNuguNDi. niivu hoosadaagi konDa kaaru heegide?
the place to which he goes is Kemmannugundi. How is the car which you newly bought?
avaLu bareyuva kathe saNNadu. naavu nooDida sinnimaa cennaagide.
the story the she writes is a short one. The film which we saw is good.
avaru kuDiyuva kaafi bru kaafi.
3.1.3 Perfect Tense :
Coffee they drink is bru coffee.
Note the addition of - v-and-uva-when-u-and-i, -e, ending 3.1.3.1 Present perfect :
verbs added to R.P The structure is,
Verbal participle stem + iru + R.P.
3.1.2 Past : nooDi + iru + a = nooDiruva.
The structure is,
bandu + iru + a = bandiruva.
Past tense stem + R. P.
nimma magaLige nooDiruva huDuganige eenu
tind + a = tinda
kelasa?
kalit + a = kalita
What is the occupation of the boy whom you
koTT + a = koTTa
have seen (for marriage alliance) for your
nakk + a = nakka
daughter?
koND + a = koNDa
assaamininda bandiruva I.A.S. adhikaari ivaree.
nooDid + a = nooDida.
He is the I.A.S. officer who has come form Assam.
182/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
3.1.3.2 Past perfect :
The structure is,
Verbal participle stem + id + R.P.
koTTu + id + a = koTTidda.
bandu + id + a = bandidda.
naanu ninage koTTidda pennu elli?
Where is the pen which I had given you?
rushyashrunga maysuurige bandidda varsha maLe
cennaage bandittu.
The year in which Rishyashringa had come to Mysore,
it rained well.
3.1.4 Continuous Tense:
3.1.4.1 Present continuous :
The structure is,
Continuous stem + iru + R.P.
maaDutta + iru + a = maadutta iruva.
oodutta + iru + a = oodutta iruva
alli kelsa maaDutta iruva huDuga nanna tamma.
The boy who is working there is my younger
brother.
avanu oodutta iruva pustaka samskaara.
The book that he is reading is Samskara.
3.1.4.2 Past continuous :
The structure is,
Continuos stem + id + R.P.
hoogutta + id + a = hoogutta idda.
bareyutta + id + a = bareyutta idda.
Lesson 19/183
naanu hoogutta idda bas nadige bittu.
The bus in which I was going fell ingo a river.
avaru bareyuttaa idda Kaadambari mugidilla.
The novel he was writing has not yet been
completed.
Note that the R.P. construction is always followed by a
noun. This is otherwise called as adjectival Participle.
R.P. is always used as subordinate class which is
follwed by a finite main clause.
3.2 Nagative R. P.
-add is the negative R. P. maker. By adding -add to the
verb root, negative R.P. is obtained. This negation
applies to all tenses except for perfect tenses.
nooDu + ada = nooDada.
naanu nooDada sinima adonde.
That is the only movie which I have not seen.
Whereas, the structure for past perfect tense is, negative
verbal participle stem + iru + R.P.
maaDade + id + a = maaDade idda.
heeLade + id + a = heeLade idda.
avanu maaDade idda kelasa naanu maaDide.
I did the work which he didn't do.
Kaangres heeLade idda satyaana Kamyuunis Taru
heelidaru
Communists said the truth, which the Congress
hadn't said.
The structure of present perfect is,
184/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
negative verbal participle stem + iru + R.P.
nooDade + iru + a = nooDade iruva.
koDade + iru + a = koDade iruva.
adhyaapakaru nooDade iruva pustakaana
vidyaarthigaLu nooDabaaradu.
Students shouldn't see the books which the teachers
haven't seen.
avaru koDade iruva pustakaana nanu nimage heege
koDali?
How can I lend you a book which he hasn't lent
you?
3.3 Participle nouns :
participle nouns are obtained by adding third person
human pronouns to the R.P. form of the verb. The
participle nouns can be added to all tenses.
3.3.1. Non-past
baruva + avanu = baruvavanu.
taruva + avaLu = taruvavaLu.
koDuva + avaru = koDuvavaru.
ivattu namma manege baruvavanu nanna sneethita.
The one who comes to my house today is my friend.
nanage habbakke SarT taruvavaLu nanna akka.
The one who brings shirt for me for festival is my
elder sister.
samaarambhadalli sarTifikkeT koDuvavavaru
mantrigaLu.
Lesson 19/185
The one who gives the certificates at the function is
minister.
3.3.2 past tense :
gaandhiyannu kondavanu gooDse.
The one who killed Gandhi was Godse.
halavaaru janarannu kondavaLu phuulan deevi.
The one who killed many people is Pholan Devi.
nimage ii pustaka koTTavaru yaaru?
Who is the one who gave you this book?
3.3.3 Perfect tense :
3.3.3.1 Present!
namma maneyalli taajmahal nooDiruvavanu
naanobbane.
I am the only one in my family who has seen
Tajmahal.
ii skuulinalli paasaagiruvavaLu kamala obbaLe.
The only one who has passed in this school is
Kamala.
nimmalli paTTadakallu nooDiruvavaru yaaru?
Who is the one among you who has seen
Pattadakallu?
3.3.3.2 Past :
ii pustaka tandiddavanu raaju.
The one who had brought this book was Raju.
nanage kaagada barediddavaLu sudha.
The one who had written me a letter was Sudha.
186/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 19/187

keeraLadinda bandiddavaru elli? 4. Exercise

where are those who had come from Kerala? 4.1.1 Rewrite as directed.
3.3.4 Continuous tense 4.1.1 Cg gg Px ZVz. (into past perfect)
3.3.4.1 Present
alli ooDuttaa iruvavanu ranga. 4.1.2 g z Pnz gd zs. (into
The one who is running there is Ranga. past perfect)
aa kelasa maaDutta iruvavaLu vanaja. 4.1.3 C Eg Ai d C. (into past)
The one who is doing that work is Vanaja. 4.1.4 DAzs zAz Az zyU Jzg?. (into
alli hooguttaa iruvavaru saynikaru.
past perfect)
Those who are going there are soldiers.
4.1.5 q i ZVzAii. (into past)
3.3.4.2 Past
ninne ninna jote baruttaa iddavanu yaru? 4.1.6 gUq ivqwgg Aiig. (into non past)
Who is the one who was coming with you yester 4.1.7 U Az D qU. (into past perfect)
day?
4.1.8 D qVAi qg d. (into past)
avana jote haaDutta iddavaLu yaaru?
Who is the one who was singing with him? 4.2 Combine the following sentences
daariyalli galaaTe maaDuttaa iddavaru 4.2.1 Cg o iqvg.
caLavaLigaararu.
Cg CzsPg.
Those who were making noise on the road were
agitators. 4.2.2 E Z Aiv.
3.4 The negative participle noun is obtained by adding third E Zig.
person human pronouns to negative R.P. There is no 4.2.3 C Ptz P iqvg.
tense distinction. C Pig.
nooDada + avanu = nooDadavanu 4.2.4 C m MUAi.
+ avaLu = nooDadavaLu
C CU.
+ avaru = nooDadavaru
4.2.5 C Pv gAi.
nimmalli 'Sankar guru' sinimaa nooDadavaru yaaru?
Who is the one among you who has not seen the movie C PAi.
Shankar Guru? 4.2.6 C AQ P iq Ez.
188/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 19/189

C Ai Pz Ez. 4.5.9 z PlzP JAx P zg?

4.2.7 Cg O Pqg. 4.5.10 U l Vg PtP K?
Cg zg. 4.5.11 z PlP JAzg?
4.3 Transform into double negative
5. Vocabulary
4.3.1 Nz P Ez.
Cs `experience'
4.3.2 Cg iq P vA Ez.
Cg `rear'
4.3.3 C AiU CP E.
Cg `plenty'
4.3.4 U Nz qV E.
DPt `attack'
4.4 Transform into double negative
DA `to enjoy'
4.4.1 Dq l Ez.
Pl `to build'
4.4.2 PlPz Pq ivqg Ezg.
PtP `gift'
4.4.3 q z qg Ezg.
Pj P `subtle carving'
4.5 Answer the following questions. PAz `centre'
4.5.1 q, g Aii fAi?
dUvz `world famous'
4.5.2 rAz jU J zg?
dU `platfrom'
4.5.3 q v jg zU g K?
zAqAiP `commander in chief'
CU Pnzg Aiig?
4.5.4 dg AiijAz U zU gQzg?
z iq `to invade'

4.5.5 zU z U Aiig? z `scene'

4.5.6 AvU Ez gz K? z `temple'

4.5.7 Aiig Pz PlP PAi tAiU vz `unfortunate person'

PArv? Ai `fine, soft'
4.5.8 q v jU Az Ez g? PvPg `star shape'
190/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 19/191

lP `art of dance' `style'

lgt `queen of dance' U `to ruin'
t `to decide' 5.2 Supplementary vocabulary.
q `to possess' CU `washerman'
`bull' Dq `goat'
z P `soap stone' Jq `to trip over'
gz `titile' P Ur `to sweep'
g `boredom' PAg `potter'
g `sand' Zig `cobbler'
g `to proclaim' Pig `blacksmith'
gdsg iq `to rule' zf `tailor'
`architecture' q `to walk'
zs sAV `various postures' qV `carpenter'
vPg `ciruclar' qP `pot'
AU `confluence' Aw Aq `cabinet'
tAiU `golden age' AiU `fit'
PAi `facility' v `literary form'
`sculptor' Adj `to flinch'
P `architecture'
P `maidens carved in stone'
`superior'
 Lesson 20/193

o - 19 P : m J UAmU Ez? At what time is there a

train?
1. Dialogue:
: Az UAmU Ez. It is at eleven o' clock.
P : FU zg AUjU If i go now can I get a bus to
Uv? Bangalore ? P : vA mUv. It will be too late. If I don't
U Uz Ezg go early me friend won't be
: vPt Uz Ezg If you go immediately you available.
will get it. v U.
U?
: AUjU zg If you go to Bangalore will
P : vPt Uz Ezg If I don't go immediately Ev jg? you come back today itself?
U? won't it be available ?
P : P Dzg j. DUz If the work is over I shall
: E, vPt Uz No, If you don't go Ezg Ae j. come back. If it is not over. I
Ezg U. immediatly you won't get it. shall come tomorrow
evening.
P : A J UAmU At what time is the next
Ez. : g Ezg
U
Az If you are coming tomorrow
bus?
Ai rg? will you do me a favour?
: A gq The next one is at 12o'
UAmU Ez. clock. P : K ? What is that?

P : CzP zg mUv. If I go by that, it will be : UAz P P. I want a book.

late. P : Aiiz? Which one ?
: vA CeAm P Do you have urgent work? : giAitzA. Ramayana Darshanam.
EzAii?
P : J Uv? Where is it available?
P : z. v Yes my friend get this bus
PAii Eg. you can go by train. : AUg P gU If you go to Bangalore
zg Uv. Book Bereau, it is available
: F Uz Ez If you don't get this bus you there.
mU V. can go by train. P : C Qzg vj. Uz If it is available there I will
194/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 20/195

Ezg K iq?. bring it. If it is not avail able 2.4 Przg U If the baby is fed it won't cry.
there, what shall I do? C.
P : Uz Ezg r. If it is not available don't FU lg CAx If you give up the house you
bother. P. are in now, you won't get
such an one.

CrU irPAqg If we cook our own food, it

2. Pattern drill won't be expensive.
Z RZ g.
2.1 C Qzg If he gets a bus he will come to 2.5 Az PUz Azg If you get a letter from home
AzP g. Brindavan. HjU VAii? will you go to your home
zq Plg If you give me money I will go town?
iP V. to a movie. U glg If you start in the morning at
s P If I get through in first class HjU J UAmU what time will you reach
zg JA. J..U I shall join M.sc. jj? your home town ?
j. AUjU Azg If I come to Bangalore where
J q? can I see you?
2.2 gd Azg Pj. If Raju has come call him.
2.6 CAzg If I say I will die, they will
Pq Pwzg If you have learnt Kannada
speak in it. q CAvg. say don't.
Pqz ivr.
U P U CAzg If you don't get a job what
o gzg If you have written the lesson
you may go. KrAi? will you do?
Uz.
2.7 CU Uz It won't be nice, if I don't go
2.3 A U j U If you are going to Bangalore Ezg ZVg. there.
U zg . tell me.
gz Ezg Cg If you don't come, they won't
PUz jv If you start writing a letter, it g. come.
Pvg mUv. will be late.
nPm Uz Ezg If we don't get the tickets, we
C o iq If he is teaching one gets iP U. won't go to the movie.
Ezg z gv. sleepy.
2.8 U vAzg DUz If it is not trouble to you
196/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 20/197

Ez zAil . please do come. 3.1 Non past

Ai mUz Ezg If we are not delayed at home, The stucture is,
nU Uz. we can go to city. past stem + conditional marker.
CU P Pz Ezg If he does'nt get a job let him nakk + are = nakkare.
g iq. do business. Kamala bandare kari. 'If kamala comes call her'.
nanna nooDi nakkare ninna hallu muriitiini.
U Pz Ezg If we don't get a bus, let us go
'If you laugh at me, I shall break your teeth'.
Dmz Ut. by an auto.
2.9 vg U gz If my friends do not come 3.2 Continuous
Ezg nU j. home, I will come to city. The structure is,
continuous stem + conditional of 'iru'
Cg Aqw HjU If his wife does not go to her
bartaa + iddare = bartaa iddare.
Uz Ezg Cg home town, he will come with
us. avanu bartaa iddare kari. 'IF he is coming call him.'
evAi gg.
avaLu nagtaa iddare aLu baratte.
g U U If we do not go to Ramu's 'If she is laughing I feel like weeping'.
gqzg C EU house early he himself will
come here. 3.3 Perfect tense
g.
The structure is,
2.10 C K iq If he is not doing anythig ask
him to sleep. verbal participle stem + conditional of iru.
Ez Ezg V
PP . bandu + iddare = bandiddare.
ninage laaTari bandiddare nanage sviiT koDisu.
g HjU U If Suresh is not going to his 'If you have won the lottery get me sweets.'
Ez Ezg home town I shall go.
Note that the conditional constructions is mentioned
V.
above refer to non-past events.

3. Key to learners : 3.4 The simple negative conditional is obtained by adding

iddare to the verbal participle negation.
The simple conditional construction is introduced in this
obdade + iddare = oodade iddare
lesson. -are is the conditional marker. This conditinal
maker is added to different tenses. niinu cennaagi oodade iddare feelaagtiiye.
198/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 20/199

If you don't read well you will fai. 4.2.4 zs Hl ir.

avaru barade iddare naanu hoogalla. ZV z gv.
'If he doesn't come I won't go.' 4.2.5 Cg zq Pqg.
3.5 The continuous negative conditional is obtained by AUjU V.
adding illade iddare or irade iddare to the continuous
stem. 4.3 Transform into negative conditional :
avanu oodutta illade iddare / irade iddare barooke 4.3.1 Pl P irzg Aiig.
heeLu.
'If he is not studying ask him to come'. 4.3.2 zg Cg gg.

4.3.3 sU D P Nzg MAiz.

4.3.4 CzsPg Pzg eg.

4. Exercise
4.1. Fill in the blanks using the conitional form of the verbs 4.4 Transform the following sentences into double negative:
given in the bracket. 4.4.1 U Jzg PrAiv.
4.1.1 ____________ P Pr ()
4.4.2 wAr Plg j.
4.1.2 gd O_____________ dg PrAiiUv (Pr)
4.4.3 Cg Azg Pjw.
4.1.3 HjU PUz _________________t Pg. (g)
4.4.4 P lg R Ez.
4.1.4 i _______________v gv. (q) 4.4.5 P Pgzg gUv.
4.2 Combine the following sentences using conditional form : 4.5 Answer the following quesions.
4.2.1 Ev gv 4.5.1 U v Azg K irj?
PrAiiUv.
4.5.2 U HjAz PUz gz Ezg egUv?
4.2.2 U Ez. .
E Pg g. 4.5.3 DU mV zg Dg Aiig?
4.2.3 Cg P vAzg. 4.5.4 U ljAi MAz P g Azg K
CjU t PqP. irj?
 Lesson 21/201

o - 21 g: Cg Qzg Cg Had we met him, we could

ev gV have talked to him in deatil.
1. Dialogue: ivq v.
DAz : U Azg Hand you come earlier, we DAz: Cg ev gV Had we talked to him in detail,
JAl UAmU g U would have got the eight ivrzg Cg he would have agreed to come
Ev. o'clock train. igAsP to our function.
Has the train left? gP M Ezg.
g : g Vq?
g: Cg Mzg g Had he agreed we colud have
DAz: FU v Ai. F If has just left. Had we gone asked someone else to
Aiigzg
gU Vzg by this train we whoul have Preside. Supposing he didn't
reached Bangalore by eleven CzsPvU Pv.
Az UAmU agree then we could have
o'clock. Mz Ezg g asked some other minister.
AUg v
AwU
Ez.
qv.
g: A m J At what time is the next
DAz: D CAz gAi Then we could have gone to
UAmU? train?
U Uv. Ravi's house. We have written
DAz: vg UAmU. CzP It is at ten thirty. If we go gU PUz him a letter also.
zg MAzgU by that we will reach at one g.
v. zg thirty.
g: Cg Ai We could have sat leisurely
GAiU E. Even if we go by that there there and had our food.
is no use.
DgV Pv
Hlzg
g: z EzP Vzg Yes. Had we gone by this iqv.
Az UAmU zs we would have reached
zsP U Ez. Vidhana soudha by eleven DAz: C Ai Ae We could have stayed there
o'clock. vP Ez Ae till evening and started then.
gqv.
DAz: gq UAmU z We would have met the
AwU P Ezg. Education Minister at 12 g: Ae Dg UAm gU Had we started by the six
o'clock. gnzg MAv o'clock train, we would have
202/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 21/203

UAmU g come back at nine o'clock. g

zg U Ez. examination he would have
Ez. got through.
DAz: gU PUz gAiz If we had'nt written to Ravi, I C ZV Hl Had she eaten well she would
Ezg g wouldn't have worried. He irzg E z have become still fatter.
irP Eg. will be waiting. DU Ez.
C PAii Eg. P irzg Had we booked yesterday we
g: Aiizzg nPm U Ev. would have got the tickets.
Will there be any bus
Uz, available, if we go to the bus
2.3 C g vqV Had he come late on any other
ArU zg? stand?
Azg U l g day, I wouldn't have got angry.
DAz: ArU
zg Even if we go to the bus stand, Eg.
F U. we won't get one. Even if we
C C z Had he married her he
Qzg l U. get one we won't get a seat.
Therefore there is no use in DVz g Z U wouldn't have gone mad.
DzjAz Uz Eg.
going.
GAiU E.
2.4 PUz gAiz Hadn't we written him a letter
Ezzg Uz we could have stayed back.
2. Pattern drill Egv.
2.1 Lz U Had you come five minutes C C z Had she not married him she
Azg JAl UAm early, we could have gone by AiiUz Ezg would have been happy.
U Uv. the eight o'clock bus. RV Egv.
K UAm U Had we gone by the eight HjU Uz Had I not gone to my home
Vzg MAz z o'clock bus we could have Ezg U town, I could have come to
returned the same day. gv. your house.
gv.
2.2 MAz Dmzg Had I got an auto I would have 2.5 D P Pqz Had I not given him that book
Qzg U g Ez. come early. Ezg C Cz he wouldn't have read it.
C jPAi ZV Had he written well in the Nz Eg.
204/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 21/205

AiP jAiiV Had you not come in time that AUjU Azg coming to Bangalore tomorrow
gz Ezg D P work couldn't have been done. Aiig q. he won't see anybody.
DU Eg.
zU Leela might go to Delhi
2.6 U Azg Had I come home you would zg tomorrow.
m PrP have had to offer me sweets. Uz.
Vv.
3. Key to learnrs
Cg U Had he come to my house, I
Azg P Pq would have had to give him 3.1 The unful filled past conditional (with built in negative
PVv. coffee. implication) sentences are introduced in this lesson.
These sentences have two clauses ; viz. the conditional
2.7 ZV Nzz If you had not studied well clause and the main clause. The conditional clause
Ezg jP you shouldn't have appeared contains a conditional verb in past perfect. The main
PlgzVv. for examination. clause my be a model verb or a finite verb. The finite
U CAi gz If you you do not know acting verb in the main clause verb or a finite verb. The finite
verb in the main clause would always be in the past
Ezg lPz iq you shouldn't have acted in
the play. continuous.
gzVv.
niinu pustaka koTTidare oodtaa idde.
v iqz Ezg If you had not made a mistake,
MPgv. your should't have admitted it. 'If you had given me the book. I would have read it.'
If the verb in the main class containing model verb, it
2.8 FU ArU Even if we go to the bus stand will be followed by ittu,
zg U. now we won't get a bus. avanu bandiddare sinimaakke hoogabahudittu.
C Pq Pwzg Even though he has learnt 'Had he come we could have gone to a movie.'
ivqP g. Kannada he is unable to speak it. beereyavaru aa kelasa maaDiddare niivu hattu
ruupaayi jaasti koDabeekittu.
g D qV Even though Ramesh is 'Had some one else done that work, you would have
q Ezg C seeing that girl everyday he had to pay ten rupees more'.
ivr. hasn't talked to her.
nimage jvara bandiddare aafiisige barabaradittu.
gdg Even though the Governor is 'If you had fever, you shouldn't have come to office.
206/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 21/207

3.2 The negation in the unfulfilled past conditional are of 4. Exercise

two types. 4.1 Transform the following sentences into unfulfilled past
conditional
3.2.1 Negation of conditional clause.
4.1.1 zq Plg vgPj vj.
The structure of type (1) is,
Negative verbal participle + id + conditional of iru. 4.1.2 U zg Uv.
barade + ide + iddare = barade iddiddare. 4.1.3 HjU zg vAVP vgz.
avaru barade iddiddare naanu barta idde. 4.1.4 P Plg U PqP.
'If he had not come, I would have come'. 4.1.5 U U zg z iqz.
Type (2) gets negated in both the clauses.
avanu pustaka kodade iddiddare naanu haNa kodtaa 4.2 Transform into double negative.
iralilla. 4.2.1 AUjU Vzg 'UA' i q Ez.
'Had he not given me the book, I wouldn't have paid him 4.2.2 C ivrzg ivq Ez.
money. 4.2.1 Azg t PqPVv.
This type contain double negation and so it gives
positive meaning. 4.3 Transform the conditional clause into negative
4.3.1 Azg U Av DVv.
3.3 The concessive form in Kannada is obrained by adding-
uu to the conditional verb. It gives the meaning "even 4.2.2 zg v Eg.
if......". 4.3.3 w vA zg qzg DgU ZVjv.
avanu ashTondu oodiddarauu avanige buddhi illa.
Even if he has read so much, he doesn't have 4.4 Translate the following into English.
common sense. gd v g Eg M vg. Cg Eg
with 'bahuda' it gives the probability meaning. AUj Nzv Ezg. gd vPj. g
zg. gU ZV Pq gwg.
avanu naaLe bengaLuurige bandaruu barabahudu.
He might come to Bangalore tomorrow. gd CU Pq P gAz. zz
gU Pq PAiz Pv. Dzg Aiv
qz PAi vqVz. vg ev Pqz
ivqwz. evU gAiz v Nzz Pv.
208/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 21/209

FU Pl Pq vi wP N 5. Vocabulary
CxirPv. gd ev P
CzsPv `presiding'
vzg Pqz ivqz Ezg CU v E.
C U Pvg E P U Pq ZV Dg `leisurely'
ivqz. zAw `education minister'
gV `in detail'
4.5 Translate the following sentences into Kannada. CAi `to enjoy'
4.5.1 Mysore is a famous cultural centre in Karnataka. z `fat'
4.5.2 There are a number of places in Mysore which are v `character'
worth seeing.
gd `governor'
4.5.3 Srirangapattana was the earlier capital of Mysore RV `happily'
Wodeyars.
Z `mad'
4.5.4 The weather in Mysore is congenial.
4.5.5 I have purchased a new house in Bangalore.
4.5.6 If I meet Raju in Bangalore I will convey your regards.
4.5.7 Please ask him to write me a letter
4.5.8 The person who spoke me over the telephone the other
day has come to see me.
4.5.9 Though he had been to meet the Prime minister, he
couldn't meet him.
4.5.10It is easier to forget a language than learning it.

o - 22
PlP
PlPP Az Ez g g gd. Ez sgvz
zQt sUzz. EAi dg R s Pq. Pq R
sAiizg v, vU, AiiA, gp, A, Gz,
EAV ivq dg Ezg. PlPz Ml v
fU. AUg PlPz gdzs. E i vA
vPgVz P AiUVz. E dg Avg,
g.
PlPP vA Aizz AwP gAg Ez.
gdg, PU, id zsgPg, zsP RAqg Pq
AwAi PAq Azg. PzA, ZP,
gPl, UAU, Ai, dAiUgz Cgg, j
MqAig F gd Dzg. Er P, CW
vAU, zs PzgAi, aPzgd, Pgd
MqAig Avzg v, AwU
CdggUzg. P Er zQt sgvz v id
z. vAU vP rz PtP Cg. zs
PAi vz. PzgAi Pz a PUjP U g
Ai Cz igwzgAv. j MqAig dg
vQAi Przg.
Pqz PU gAgAi Az Vz. DP
A EAU Pqz PUg. g, Pig, jg,
gWAP, Q, gvPgt Avzg PU Pq
v AvU. t, Cs, CPz
Avz ZPgg PAw gg. Dqiv vz
lP Kjzg Cx vz sAi DqiwU
Lession 22/211
Ezg. ewvU j zg. gAzgz,
PPz Avzg zsP ZPn idz zU
wzg. idz U PlV z d
Pqq PAq M qr P. DzsP Pq v EAz
vA zV z. .JA. PAoAi, UAz , P..
l, z.g. Az, i APm CAiAUg, g
PgAv, C.. PgAi, UP CrU Avzg
Rg. sgvz CvAv v Aiiz `eo'
Pqz JAl AU Az. P.. l, z.g.Az,
g PgAv, i APm CAiAUg, Ai.Dg.
CAvw, Vj Pq v q. ZAzRg PAg
Cg F Ai qzg.
PlP VP AwAz Prz. E Cgt U
Rd AvU gV zgPv. Pgz wg az
UtU. szw, vPg, j, PzgRU Pt
U iAU Czj UtU. szwAi Pt,
Am, PUzz PSU. ztUgAi w VgtU,
j UAzs v g PS, mAi Pg
PS, U
Ai CAiA PSU
. AU
g
Az
q
z. C v
PUjP Wl PU
E.
PlPz sUz zlz Cgt Ez. F Cgtz
UAzs, vU, Avz gU Aiv.
D, fAP, Pq, agv Avz tU E v.
E R UAzg Pj, P, vAUsz, gw,
P. F U g PU U zZQ GvzP
PVz.
Pj U j wg PAr JA z CuPm
212/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lession 22/213

PlVz. Cz PgdUg JAz PgAivg. E MAz gfUA zQAi zAi, zsgqz PlP
Azgz zlz. Czg g Az. Ez zAi v P zAi, UUz UU
UU zq DPu. gw U AUQ JA zAi, AUj AUg zAi,
CuPm Pn zv GvUwz. vAUsz U m Uz PA zAi, vPj vPg
CuPm Pn gj PVz. PU CuPm zAi, UPmAi vlUjP zAi v
PVz. UA gAi vAwP zAiU. Cz
jAi ez zAi DgAVz.
Al, PtUAr PlPz z VjzsU,
Arg, Ug CsAiigtU. PlPz R gV, sv, e, Pq, vUj, P, P,
w, KQ, UqA Avz td U.
AUg PlPz gdzs U zqUg. E
CP PAz z PSU. E zszsz gdz Cs
PAiiAiz. zs s v zs jv E gv.
1. PV zU U :
g, , AUg, UU Evg R ltU.
g R lt U g PAz. Az Ez MqAig Aw AwP
gdzsAiiVv. Gvg PlPz R lt U e eP
g PAz. AUg Pg PlPz R g Ew LwP
PAz. E fvz Azg Ez.
Zjv ZjwP
PlP v PUU zzz. z sU sUP
`PlP ' JA AiAz z vgq. Pt PtP
L, lzP, z, q, g, AAig
zU F Ai MAi izjU. eg, UU, 2. gzxU U :
gAiZg, gAUltUg UUlU, zUU Kj X E
g P rz PtP. tUz
Dqiv X UAx s
Umg KP U CzvVz.
v X Cv
PlPz g zAiU. j Av X PAv
g zAi, PlP gd P zAi, Cg X Pr
AUj AUg zAi, P zAi, v PUjP X t PUjP
214/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lession 22/215

3. PV UU Gvj : 3.20 PlPz CgtU Ai

3.1 PlPP Az Ez g ?
3.2 PlP sgvz Aii Qz ?
3.3 PlPz R s Aiiz ?
3.4 PlPz g Aii s ivq d Ezg ?
3.5 PlPz J fU?
gU w.
3.21 PlPz R U Aii ?
3.22 PArAi Aii U CuPm PVz ?
3.23 PlPz VjzsU, CsAiigtU Aii?
3.24 g Aiig gdzsAiiVv ?

3.6 PlPz i Vz? 3.25 `PlP 'Ai zU J ?

3.7 PlP d JAvg ? 3.26 Ul U Jz?

3.8 PlPz AwAi Aiig Aiig zg? 3.27 PlPzg zAiU Aii ?
3.28 PlPz R U Aii ?
3.9 PlPz P gdvz g .
3.10 zQt sgvz id z PlPz gd 4. Ppt zU Cx :
Aiig?
Cdgg 'immortal'
3.11 Aiig Pz a Ai CAiwzg ?
CuPm 'dam'
3.12 Pqz P PU g w?
Czg 'ore'
3.13 ZPgg Az PAw gg Aiig ?
CsAiigt 'game sanctury'
3.14 vz sAi Dqiw lP Ezg
Aiig? C `to measure'
3.15 Pq q PAq P P Aiig ? Dq iv ' spoken language'
3.16 Pqz Aiig AiijU eo Az? D 'beginning, first'
3.17 PlPz az Ut Jz ? E 'to bring down'
3.18 szwAig PSU Aii ? Gv 'to produce'
3.19 ztUg, m, jg PSU KQ 'cardamom'
Aii?
Kj 'to raise'
216/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lession 22/217

PlV 'bitterly' fAP 'deer'

Pq 'bengal Gram' e 'jowar'
Pt 'iron' wz 'to correct'
P `sugar cane' vU `teak'
Pg ' costal' zlz ' dense'
PS 'factory' zgP 'available'
Pq 'bison' z 'flaw'
Pq 'to protect' zsjP RAqg 'religious leaders '
PAiiAi 'secretariat' qr 'itenerant'
PAw gg 'revolutionary men' VP 'natural'
PUg 'patron saint' gAg 'tradition'
PUjP 'industry' z 'mature'
Rd 'mineral' 'award'
UAzsz Ju PS 'Sandalwood oil factory' 'to nourish'
Vjzs 'hill station ' v 'to encourage '
UqA 'cashew' Azg 'harbour'
WlP 'unit' v PUjP 'large scale industry'
a 'gold' 'valuable'
agv 'cheeta' sv 'paddy'
ZPl 'frame' l 'level'
ew 'caste' v 'religion'
218/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lession 22/219

izj 'model' w 'cotton'

g 'to transcend' w Vgt 'cotton mill'

AiU 'worthy' 'weather'

gV `ragi' vPg 'congenial'

v P ' fine arts' vQ 'benificial'

'lapse' g 'in plenty'

td 'commercial' `yellow teak'

zZQ 'electricity'

zs jv 'legislative council'

zss 'legislative assembly'

zAi 'university'

Av 'wealth'

id zsgPg 'social reformers'

g 'tolerant'

id 'kingdom '

Av 'cultured person'

fvz 'well equipped'

U 'stone idol'
 Lession 23/221

o - 23 , gAv PUzg. F Aiz Pqz

Avz s CwAiiVv. Arv iz sAi
Pq s z CA wAi APvVv.
R zq sU Pq MAz. Evg g
R sUAzg v, vU, AiiA. v sAi qUqz P gq viAz vAv
Avgz a zq sAiAzg Pq. vizgU Ez. F CAi Pq s vA
zuU Mnv. Avz s PrAiiUzg
Pq sU CvAv Ai Ewz. ig QP evU Dqiv Z PU gvqVv. Arv i s
g vizAi Pq s PAivAz zAg ZPgg, Pig, d Avzg PU Q
CAi nzg. Dzg U Qg Pq sAi z ijU CxU U zuUArv. sAi
DzsgAzg r . fAi r JA Uz gz v Pgt Aiz zuUz.
Qg F z P Q.. 450. Ezg Pq U U
gZAi Ptz. Ev viz Ewa sAi DzsP Pq
JAz PgAivg. Uq U AvAz sUArv
s Av g. Cz PAz PP zUv U DzsP Pq EAV, Gz sUAz sUArz.
Uvz. Pq sAi PAz PP zUv EAV Pt sgvz DgAsUAqU f P
Az. Pq sAi zz g UzlPAq DgAsv. vAwP Ptz DgAs, eP zP,
Cz LwPV zs Uq, Uq, qUq v vz s E j Pq s g
v DzsP Pq JAz sUUV zAg qv. DzsP RPg EAz v PwU
sVzg. Dqiv wzg. sAiAz UAx iv,
vB ivqz JA CAi J Pq Aiwz.
z Uqz P U P. U U
Pq sAi UzlPAq Ez U s DzsP Pqz g GsU. EU
JAz PgAivg. ig Lz viAz MAsv vB V g Pq, AUg Pq, zsgq
vizgU Ezg C Ez. F CAi PlPz Pq v UU Pq JAz sVz. g,
gz U Q. AUg U Evg PlPz ivq
Gs g Pq. g Pq MAz jwAi
Uq P v viAz Az viz
sU wgz. izsU EAz PqP
PqAigU. F CAi qsz UAxU gAz. A,
EzP Z v. Pg zz ivq
222/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lession 23/223

Gs AUg Pq. F GsAi v U CAi `opinion'

PAPt sU sz. A PlP Cx , C `period'
zsgq, U zz ivq Gs zsgq Dqv s `administrative language'
Pq. F GsAi gp sAi sz. Dzsg `source'
eg, UU, zg, gAiZg Avz zgz DgAs `begin'
PlPz ivq Gs UU Pq. F
Ewa `recent'
GsAi Z Gz sAi sz.
Gs `dialect'
Pq s EAz CvAv x sAiiV z Awz. Mq `undergo'
Pt izsV, eP sAiiV Dqv sAiiV QP `A.D'
AwP sAiiV Cz dj z. Pw `work of art'
Cs U `attention'
UAx `book'
1. PV UU Gvj. U `village'
1.1 R zq sU Aii ? dj `responsibility'
f P `life style'
1.2 CvAv a zq s Aiiz ?
vAwP Pt `technical education'
1.3 Pq s J viAz EvAz zAg
qUq `medieval kannada'
CAi qvg ?
Ai `principle'
1.4 Pqz z Aiiz ? Czg P J ?
w `pride'
1.5 Pq sAi J sUUV sVz?
s `influence'
C Aii? CU P Aiiz ?
sz `variety'
1.6 DzsP Pqz J GsU?
Arv `scholar'
2. Ppt zU Cx: v v `western literature'
Cw 'too much' z Uq `pre old kannada'
CxU 'to understand' qs `mature, learned'
224/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

i `acceptable' o - 24
sv `fundamental' i vg AUw C
g `shape' AUg Ugz Aii sU EAz eU U
v `difference' gQv. Aiig Aiig Pzg zZz,
Pgt `grammar' wsnzjU Zj Pz. g UtU
PgZ `sentence construction' PzPAq PA Qz. q U U V ZP
av `peculiar ' vj U rz zj Aigz m
zA `scholar' PnPAq Ai iqz. EAx PPPg Ai
gz UgUU gPu q x Pv
sV `to divide'
gjz PgAz zsVz. PlPz
eP zP `scientific outlook'
gdzsAiAi EAx sAiiP jwAiizg gdz Evg
APv `symbol' sUU z q. , Ugz APj
x `capable' zz qg U zgq Pgt UgU
izs `mass media' Jzjwg UAq PtUAqz CgQv zP dUeg
g `form' iqvz. Ez EwZU qg LzAi zgq Pgt. Ez
ig `ordinary people' Ag EvzgAz PgAU quAi A
V `in brief' DUAvP AiAzP V gg g. Ai zxU
zaPAq Nr zg. Jgq U Avg, EvgAz
`sound'
UAUAi, rAg JgqgAz dAiUg quAi;
`inscription'
Cz v Pqgq z EAxz PgtU
Pt izs `educational medium' qz. t l CgzsUU U dg rz zj
s `standard language' jU F U zgqUgg lz iv
Uq `old kannada' zsV. Pz K dAiUg sUz Eg
zZjU zZwz Eg lg gg rAi
zzPV P Zj EjvAz t vgPv.
P vPg EzgU vAiizAv Pt.
Aq P j U U P z A q z s A i
226/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 24/227

vVg EA jw Aii gPgP i vg AUw

C. (AzQAi, et, 7. 12. 1982) 1.4 PV UU Gvj.

Cs AUg Ug EAz Aiig U gQvV ?

1.1 PV zU Av PU . PPPg K iqwz ?
wsn, Ut, PAQ, Ai iq, sAiiP Pg PPPg gz djU gPu q
jw, dUeg iq zsVzAi ?
1.2 zzAv gj.
APjAi qz zgq Pgt JAi Pgt ?
AUg Ugz Aii sU EAz eU U
PgAU quAi DUAvPg K irzg ?
gQv. (into positive)
g UtU PzPAq PA Qz. P KP t vgPv ?
(into prohibitive)
qU U V ZP vj U rz 2 Ppt U Cx
zj Aigz m PnPAq Ai Cgzs `crime'
iqz. (split into simple sentences) CgQv `un protected'
A DUAvPg AiAz V gg g. DUAvPg `strangers'
Ai zxU zaPAq Nrzg (change Ejv `stabbing'
into double negative without changing meaning ) PAQ `to take to ones heels'
Pq gq z EAx PgtU qz. Pv `duty'
(negate) P `snatch'
1.3 PV gzx zU U. CU Av PPPg `lawless'
Pz . PvPg `murderers'
i X Ci PtUAq `diasaster at every moment'
gQv X CgQv ZP `knife'
U zgq X gw zgq Zj `knife'
DUAvP X jav dUeg `proclaim to the world'
UAq `daily diasaster'
228/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

zZ `to loot' o - 25
UgU `citizens' P qU
Ut `jewellery and cash' ivqz P PrUg Pg JA sAi
gj `to perform' VzAi? gAsz sAi P Cg Uvg
Pgt `incident' d. Cg ev P r. Dzg gvUUr.
Aiv MAz U AivzAv. Dzg r;
wsn `to protest' i v q z P Ai Pz g g A i g e v
v `detection' ivqzg P.
Ai `escape' g sAi ZV ivqz gAvg
zZjU `pedestrains' CsAz PAiP. Aiig v iqz, JAz
`share' sAi ivq Pw. R AiAzg MAz
j irz v v v iqz. JZjPAz
AqPjU `lawless men'
ev ivqg iv U. DU J v
qu `extension' iqj J iq JAz wAivz. Pg v
r `to beat' irz v j JAz wz dU AP l qvg.
zj `to threaten'
CAxg v v jrPz E, sAi ZV
PAiz E.
sAiiP `horrifying'
Pq Uwz Eg CP d vg Ezg. Cg
sU `part'
vz PUV Pq PAiPVv. wg Az Pq
U d `innocent people' PAiPA D Ez, P JAz Pzg. PvqVz,
m Pl `pack up' g v, qU, d, g Avz zU z
gg `riders' Pm. ig Pz Czsz Cg
gwzg. CjU CU ePzlP AAi
PzAq `punishment'
Eg. DzjAz zU PAiU AAiAj,
U zgq `day light robbery ' DQ vj, s PAiU v v jgP
q U `broad day light' AP. dgq MAzV CzPV Pq izs
irP.
230/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 25/231

PAiU oU gVz, U V Cs
Ptz. av Jz. g vgz. aAv
Csir. Px z Pj. AsuU 1. PV UU Gvj.
PAq CzP vPAv C. AzsU PAq 1.1 ivqz PAiz U ?
gAig ZAv ir.
1.2 Pg sAi KP ZV PAi ?
v iqzAv Ai. CzP zgVj. 1.3 zU U PAiP ?
s PAiU RgUwj, Wv PzPwj.
UlU FqUwj. CzP vAiigVj. 1.4 Nzz Cs iqzP JAv PU
sAiAz PAiz Wv PzPzQAv GAiP?
Wzz. 1.5 gtUAzU Aid K ?
sAi PAiU ivq Nzzg
2 Ppt U Cx
gAizg CPv. Dzg CPvUU vP U U
NzPz. t t PU, AivPPU v CPv `necessity'
vi wPU r. zz vA PUvz.
Dv `confidence '
z Avz xP PU, zAvPxU,
dP DgU, i zz GAiUP JZjP `caution, conscious'
gv. vi wPU zz Pzg
AidPj. CU P vz AiU U `to notice '
Za Pz zU sAqgP gv. Wv `dignity '
CPvVAv Z WAl r. MAz zz Cx
z Ai CxUz Ezg WAl r. Za `to discuss'
Pv sAi gtUAi Z CP eP `memory'
Ez Uz. PlPz vU PUz
gAiU Pqz gj. gtU U Dv v `mistake'
vAz Pqvz. AigV iqvz. zAvPx `mythological story'
PqAizV MAz iv : vA Pl s Pwj. v `daily'
DzjAz Pv sAi gAir. KPAzg sAi
PAiz J P gAiz C s.
232/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 25/233

Ul `laughing stock' AP `contact'

WAl `dictionary' `problem'
AivPP `periodicals' AAi `patience'
gAvg `constantly' g `simple'
gv `discourage' jrP `set right'
Ai `determination' `to create'
`memory' dP `general / public'
jg `environment' sAqg `vocabulary '
Aid `usefulness' Av `stage'
xP `primary' `background'
gtU `writing' Az `to adjust' / 'to possess'
`childish'
sAi `fear'
v `again'
R `fool'
Z `to appreciate'
av `peculiar'
Azs `incident'
Ai `local'
`situation'
 Part II / 235

" circle" otherwise known as "anuswara" indicates a nasal

PART II
consonant corresponding to the following consonant.
SCRIPT
The words and sentences to practice.
Mostly hand movement in Kannada is anti clockwise. But
there are stray instances where the clockwise movement is also
seen. The letters in this book are arranged into a group on their Fg Pg PAo
shape similarity and contrastive perception. The arrow mark F Pg
and the numbering show the beginning and the direction of the
movement.
F PAo

Note that The above words and sentences are formed by

o g o F using the letters introduced in this lesson.

2 2 2
4
1 3
1 1 3
F is the only vowel introduced here.
Circle ra Tha ii This is the secondary sympbol of vowel F. The box
indicates the primary consonant. The combination of F with

P Ai gh
4 3 2

2
3
1 1
consonants are realised in the following examples.
1 4
2 4 3
5
ka ya Jha g + F = j
o + F = p
The consonant in kannada possess an inherant vowel - a.
P + F = Q
This is generally marked by (talakaTTu). But there are
some letters which do not have talakaTTu. The pure consonant Aii + F =
is marked by

(halant)
g - r consonant.
ghi + F = jh

g - r+a combination
236/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 237

GROUP 2 Combine the following

g + D = ____________
1

C D
la
1

a
2

1
2

aa
o
P
+
+
D
D
=
=
____________
____________
2 2 3
Aii + D = ____________

G H
1

u
1

Uu
ghi

g
+
+
+
D
D
G
=
=
=
____________
____________
____________
The vowels introduced in this group are C, D, G, H. The
o + G = ____________
Secondary symbol of C ( ) is already dealt in the previous
P + G = ____________
lesson. The secondary symbols of the other vowels are given
below. Aii + G = ____________
D Ai ghi + G = ____________
G P + G = ____________
H Dg g + H = ____________
Words and sentences for Practice
o + H = ____________
P + H = ____________
D DAi Aii + H = ____________
Ai Pg D DAi
ghi + H = ____________
Hg DPg F Hg
+ H = ____________
P g F DAi D Hg DAi
238/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 239

GROUP 3 Combine the following

z + F = ____________

z zs x
2 2 2

1 1 1
3
zs + F = ____________
3 4
x + F = ____________
da dha tha q + F = ____________

q qs qs + F = ____________
3 3

1 1
2 2
z + D = ____________
Da Dha
4
zs + D = ____________
No vowels in this group
x + D = ____________
q + D = ____________
qs + D = ____________
Words and sentences for practice
z + G = ____________
zq zg PAz zs + G = ____________
Pz zg Dzsg x + G = ____________
gx zAq Pqg q + G = ____________
qs + G = ____________
F gx Hg gx z + H = ____________
Fg gAig PAq zs + H = ____________
GzAi DAiz Pz PAq x + H = ____________
q + H = ____________
qs + H = ____________
240/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 241

GROUP 4 Words and sentences for practice

J K
2 2
Jq Jzg D g Dz g
1 1 1
g gi Cz Cg gi
e ee va b JPg izs iAizg
g P

b
2 2
KP
1 1

ma cha
The vowels introduced are J, K. The Secondary Observe the following combinations.

symbols are given below.

+ F =
J P i + F =
K z b + F = c
+ D =
The combination of these secondary symbols with the
consonants are given below. i + D = i
b + D = b
+ J = + K = + G =
i +J = i + K = i + G =
b + J = b b + K = b b + G = b
242/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 243

GROUP 5 Words and sentences for practice

s
3 3 4
z CW o s Aqg zP
1 2
1 3 5 2
1 s G g sAqgg g
4
pa pha sha

L D Hg Aqg
4

3 2 2
1 1
g zzsg
5

gha aee Cz D gz s

The vowel introduced here is L. L is the combination of Observe the following combinations :
a+i, which is normally called dipthong. The secondary symbol
is given below : + F =
L g + D =
+ G =
The combination with other consonants : + H =
+ J =
+ L =
+ K =
s + L = s
+ L =
+ L =
W + L = W
244/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 245

GROUP 6 Words and sentences

Mz Nq P MAz o Nz.

M N O
1

1 1
2 Nz Ozs MAz g Pq
d dog Cz Cg N.
o oo au
Combine the following

d 1

ja
2 g +
g +
g +
M = ___________
N = ___________
O = ___________
+ M = ___________
+ N = ___________
The vowels introduced here are M, N, O. O is the + O = ___________
combination of a+u, which is a dipthong like L. The secondary Aii + M = ___________
symbols are given below. Aii + N = ___________
e + M = ___________
e + N = ___________
e + O = ___________
M P P i + O = ___________
N P Pg + M = ___________
+ N = ___________
O P Pg + O = ___________
+ N = ___________
+ O = ___________
i + M = ___________
246/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 247

GROUP 7 GROUP 8

s Z l v
2 4 2

1 1 1 3 1
2
1
2
3

ba bha ca Ta ta

Words and sentences Words and sentences for practice

P ZgP ZZ gd o gz Dl vAz mg vjPg
sAi P ZAq i A PAq PAqg. vl vv mm
s ZP ZP P sAiqq Nl vl l vg
Cz gAig vl.
Combine the following
CAZAi z GAi l vAz.
+ F = ___________
Combine the following
Z + F = ___________
m + C = ___________
s + D = ___________
v + D = ___________
Z + N = ___________
m + F = ___________
Z + D = ___________
v + F = ___________
Z + M = ___________ m + J = ___________
+ K = ___________ m + K = ___________
s + G = ___________ v + J = ___________
Z + H = ___________ v + M = ___________
e + L = ___________ m + M = ___________
+ O = ___________ v + O = ___________
s + M = ___________ m + N = ___________
248/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 249

GROUP 9 GROUP 10

E k t U
2 2 2 3

1 1 2

1 1 1 1
3
ga na sa
i na Na
Words and sentences for practice
The vowel in this lesson is E. The secondary symbol is given
U U UgU UU
below :
g qUg gAzj
E j Pj
AU l UAm
Observe the following combinations :
AU D
g + E = j
CU UAiV JAz gz Ez.
+ E =
Aii + E = EU D i qPAz D.
z + E = g Azgz Ug.
u + E = t Combine the following
m + E = n U + F = ___________
v + E = w + F = ___________
k is not used as a graphic representation. + D = ___________
"circle" when followed by palatal sounds functions as `k' U + M = ___________
e.g. ZAZ, AZ, PAZ.
+ N = ___________
+ O = ___________
Words and sentences for practice
+ J = ___________
Ez Eg u Eg
E sgt Pu + K = ___________
Eg EAzwAi vAz v. U + L = ___________
D Kt Egz. U + E = ___________
250/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 251

GROUP 11 GROUP 12

R I B
2 2 2 3
1
1 2
1
1
4
2

Sa ha kha ri "Visarga"
La
I is the vowel introduced in this group of letters. I is a
Words and sentences for practice
Sanskrit borrowed sound found only in Sanskrit borrowed
PAP
words. The secondary symbol is given below. Although it is
D treated as a vowel in traditional grammar it functions as a
P consonant.
Z j
I P P
D g Uj.
Azg . Observe the follwoing combinations :
g Uw Azj.
v + I = v
Observe the following combinations : z + I = z
+ I =
+ F =
Words and sentences for Practice.
+ D =
RU AR I Re zBR
+ J = RAq P Iv vt Itsg CAvBPgt
+ O = Ivi CAvBg
+ L = visarga has the `ah' sound value
+ N = P iq PP.
+ E = sgv zz gdzs z.
vAU Uj APg Rg Kjz.
s z qsPvg gt.
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Primary letters along with the secondary symbols of Cf CdU PeAi irz.
vowels are introduced so far. Now let us see the secondary
symbols of the consonants. The secondary symbols of the Qn P m vAz Pl.
consonants are also grouped into three categories. viz., MAz PtU u, MAz PtU t.
1. The secondary symbols similar to the primary letters but z Um P vz.
smaller in size.
C JAz rz.
2. The secondary symbols which show a little deviant forms
from that of the primary ones.
3. The secondary symbols which have completely different
shape from that of the primary ones.
The secondary symbols of the consonants are written below the
primary letters.

Group I
e + d = d Cd
m + l = l l
u + t = t Ct
+ =
+ = C

Cf, PnU, Pt, P, v

fU, m, u, , .
254/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 255

Group II Group III

P + P = P CP v + v = v Pvj
U + U = U U + = Pq
Z + Z = Z Z i + = v
q + q = q zq Aii + Ai = Ai CAi
z + z = z z + =
+ = P
+ = v vvj, u, , PAiig, P, Pv,
+ = u, Zig, Ai, PAUr.

P, U, Z, Uq, Uz, , C, , Pv z PjAi Ai ?

Pg, UP, CZj, PqAi, z, , P. j C wz MAz g Dv.
vAi P.
CP PU ZP P.
CAi AiigAz GAiiAi Pv.
UU vV V qAiz Pv.
t PzPAq C E qQz.
Z ZZV ivrz.
zrz r zq Pr zqz.
z z wAz zA Nrzg.
P z. 1

The secondary symbols are given below with directions.

1 1

C wAz JAzg.
U v iqzP gz. 1
1

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The homegeneous clusters of the consonants were Please note that the aspirated (mahaprana) consonant
introduced so far. Now let us see the heterogeneous clusters. can never appear as primary consonant in a cluster. It always
Whenever the cluster is pronounced, the first pronounced letter appears as secondary memeber.
will be the primary one and then followed is a secondary one.
g, Gzg, , Gv, U, Gz, Q,
e + = d dg
Gv, v, , Gvw, , vv.
+ d = P
+ t = P gdPgtU qg Gzgz ivrzg.
U + = U U zg Z Gzg vUzg.
e + k = d Cd CjU vg irzg U g vg.
C GZg P AiiAiAz z.
e, C, , CPg, e, g, .
+ v = v Gv
P U dg Az.
U + = U U
PV Cvjz.
z + = z z
D qPg vA MAig.
u + Ai = t t
vdgz eU sgvz Ezg.
i + g = v
v + P = v vg g + Ai = Ai g Ai / g
q + U = q Rq Pw, gP, gv, gQt, t, PAi

Z
+
+
Z
b
=
=

Z
Ai
GZ
Note that

g has two secondary symbols.

z + zs = z Gzg
g
258/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson II /259

occurs after the primary consonant in pronunciation eg. Though the vowel sound occurs lost in a three consonant cluster
taamra v. unit like g, etc., the written representation has the vowel
symbol added to the first consonant and the other two written
occurs before the primary consonant in pronunciation. below the primary letter in the order in which they are
eg. Surya Ai. This can also be written as g. pronounced.

but one must be careful in writing words like Cgu

Letters of the Kannada alphabet in the traditional order
(Cu). If `g' becomes smaller in size, then it looks
odd.
ti
vv gP P U E. C D E F G H I J K L M N O CA CB

gvU Uz Aiv irzg. P R U W Y

zU giv AP E. Z b d gh k
l o q qs t
v - Cv, Ai - CAiU zjU Uv.
v x z zs
DdP fAi.
s s
EAz ZAz j vz ZA vAzg
Ai g
Pj D AiizAz ivrzg
PAiU gg. `Y' is not introduced as it is not functional in its full form.
Three clusters are seen in Sanskrit borrowed words. But they
are less in numbers. A few words are given below for example.
wP, C, v, g
GzsU, Aw,