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Civil Design Basis
Civil Design Basis
DESIGN BASIS
FOR
(Civil, Structural & Architectural)
Mott MacDonald Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd
Kothari House, CTS No. 185 Krishna Shree, 2nd Floor, Gandhi Nagar
Off Andheri - Kurla Road 1st Main Road - Adyar
Andheri (East) Chennai 600 020
Mumbai 400 059
DESIGN BASIS
FOR
(Civil, Structural & Architectural)
Group Disclaimer
"This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or
used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written
authority of Mott MacDonald being obtained. Mott MacDonald accepts no responsibility or liability for the
consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned.
Any person using or relying on the document for such other purpose agrees, and will by such use or reliance be
taken to confirm his agreement, to indemnify Mott MacDonald for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Mott
MacDonald accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person by whom it
was commissioned..
1 Scope 7
4 Materials of Construction 9
5 Design Loads 10
5.1 General 10
5.2 Dead Loads (D) 10
5.3 Static & Dynamic Equipment Empty Loads (E) 10
5.4 Equipment Operating Loads (EO) 11
5.5 Equipment Hydro-Test Load (EH) 11
5.6 Piping Loads (P) for Pipe Supports/Trestles 11
8 Contingency Loads 15
8.1 RCC Structures 15
16 Load Combinations 18
16.1 General 18
16.2 Load Factors and Combinations 18
18 Masonry Structures 24
18.1 General 24
21.2 Joints 27
22 Drainage General 27
22.1 Drain details 27
22.2 Storm Water Drainage 28
25 Design Philosophy/Criteria 31
25.1 Architectural Design 31
25.1.1 Spatial Requirements 31
25.1.2 Functional Spaces 31
25.1.3 Circulation Spaces 32
25.1.4 Amenity Spaces 32
25.1.5 Utility Spaces 33
25.1.6 Sizes of Spaces 33
25.1.7 Day Light and Natural Ventilation 33
25.1.8 Natural Ventilation 33
25.1.9 Acoustics and Sound Insulation 33
25.1.10 Safety Requirements 34
25.2 Site Planning 34
25.3 Building Services 35
25.3.1 Water supply, Distribution and Drainage Sanitary Services 35
25.3.2 Electrical Services 35
25.3.3 Air conditioning and Heating 35
25.4 Aesthetics 35
25.5 Structural and Architectural Construction Elements 36
25.5.1 Plinth protection 36
25.5.2 Finished Floor Level (FFL) 36
25.5.3 Steps/ ramps/ Staircases 36
25.5.4 Walls 37
25.5.5 Doors 38
25.5.6 Windows/ ventilators 38
25.5.7 Canopy/Overhang 39
25.5.8 Shading Devices 39
25.5.9 Parapet 39
25.5.10 Roof Gutter 39
25.5.11 Rain Water Pipes Spouts 39
25.5.12 Entrance Lobby 39
25.5.13 Passages/Corridors 40
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VISAKH MARKETING INSTALLATION REISTEMENT
PROJECT LPG TERMINAL
Doc No:256324-500-DB-CIV-001 Rev: B Page 6 of 41
26 Mounded Bullets 41
1 Scope
The engineering design basis defines the minimum design criteria that shall form the basis for carrying
out detailed civil, architectural and structural design of all structures like Fire water tank foundations,
TW Gantry , Tank Truck Gantry, connecting platforms, Pipe tracks, plant buildings (like DG
Sheds/Pump Sheds/MCC-Air Compressor Room etc.), non-plant buildings (like
Administration/Security/Amenity/Planning buildings etc.) included in bid document.
This document also includes the design criteria that shall form the basis for carrying out design and
engineering of items under general civil (viz. roads, paving drainage etc.).
This document shall be read in conjunction with technical specifications and scope of works.
This specification describes the materials, loads, design requirements and methods to be used for design
of structures / buildings as described below:
(Reference drawing: Overall Plot Plan Drg. No 256324-500-PIP-3000)
The various structures, buildings and equipment included in the scope are:
2.2.1 Loads:
IS 875 : Part 1: 1987 Code of practice for design loads ( other than earthquakes)
for buildings & structures ,Part 1 Dead loads
IS 875 : Part 2 : 1987 Code of practice for design loads ( other than earthquakes)
for buildings & structures ,Part II Imposed loads
IS 875 : Part 3 : 1987 Code of practice for design loads ( other than earthquakes)
for buildings & structures ,Part III Wind loads
IS 1893: -1984 1984- Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures
IRC 6 -2000 Code of practice for roads & bridges, Section II Loads &
Stresses
All plant buildings shall be R.C.C. frame type buildings with foundations as per soil report.
For e.g. the plant buildings include following;
DG Sheds, MCC & Air Compressor Room etc.
All Pipe/Cable Tracks shall be Slippers with Either Open/Pile foundations as per soil report.
All Tanks shall be supported on pile foundations with ring beam as per final soil report.
The shed type buildings shall be following
Tank truck Gantry sheds, Cylinder Storage Shed, DG Shed, Cylinder Loading Platform,
Cylinder unloading Platform etc.
5 Design Loads
5.1 General
5.1.1 Structures shall be designed to have sufficient structural capacity and integrity to resist safely
and effectively all loads and effects of load combinations that may reasonably be expected.
5.1.2 The design loads used for the structures, buildings and foundations shall conform to the
requirements of the governing codes and specifications. As a minimum the design loads shall
include dead load, operating loads, live load, rain load, wind load and seismic load. Where
applicable, the design loads shall also include thermal load, anchor loads, hydro test load,
impact load, vibration load, surcharge load and bundle pull loads.
5.1.3 The units to be used for design and drawings are SI units.
The empty weight of the static process equipment including all fixtures, platforms, ladders,
attached piping, pipe supports & insulation (if applicable) shall be considered. If piping
weight is not indicated separately or included in the weight of the equipment, the same shall
be considered as 10% of the weight of the equipment. The empty (dead) weight shall be
considered as per inputs received from vendors. Static equipments viz. Vessels, tanks etc.
Dead/Empty Weight of equipment Weight of dynamic/rotary equipment like pumps/motors,
D.G. Sets, and skid-mounted equipment shall be derived as far as possible from
manufacturers data and includes piping data. Insulation installed on piping and equipment
shall be also considered.
Empty/dead weight Fabricated/Erected equipment weight from manufacturers data.
Longitudinal & transverse friction force in (both directions) 10 % of design vertical load of
pipes for four or more pipes supported on a tier. (This is done due to reversible flow directions
and forces)
Longitudinal & transverse friction force in (both directions) 10 % of design vertical load of
pipes for four or more pipes supported on a tier. (This is done due to reversible flow directions
and forces)
Longitudinal friction force (30 % of design vertical load of pipes) & transverse force (10 % of
design vertical load of pipes) for single to three pipes supported on a tier for global design
where as for local beam member design for single pipe frictional force of 30% to be
considered in longitudinal and transverse direction or as per piping/stress load inputs. The
local beam member design shall not be combined with seismic/wind loads.
For Pipe-racks; longitudinal friction force shall be considered as uniformly distributed over
the entire span of the beam at each tier and transverse friction force shall be considered as a
concentrated load at each tier level.
Friction forces on T-supports & trestles shall be considered as longitudinal 30% of the vertical
loading & transverse 10% of the vertical loading. Both longitudinal and transverse friction
forces shall be considered to act simultaneously.
5.6.2 Electrical information shall be investigated to determine the approximate weight, location of
the electrical trays and/or conduits. A minimum weight of 1.2 KN/ Sq. m shall be used for
single level trays and 3.0 KN/ Sq. m for double trays, regardless of the tray width.
5.6.3 Special consideration shall be given to unusual loads such as large valves, unusual piping or
electrical configurations, etc.
5.6.4 Anchor loads (TA) shall be as per the Stress analysis piping loads provided by Stress Group.
5.6.5 Anchor loads shall be only applied on piping level.
PIPE RACK
For designing the pipe rack superstructure and foundation the following loads shall be
considered.
6.1 Vertical Loading
Actual weights of pipes coming at each tier shall be calculated. In calculating the actual weight of
pipe, the class of pipe, material content and insulation, if any, shall be taken into consideration.
Minimum Insulation density shall be taken as 2600 N/m3. In case of gas/steam carrying pipes,
the material content shall be taken as 1/3rd volume of pipe filled with water. The total actual
weight thus calculated shall then be divided by the actual extent of the span covered by the pipes
to get the uniform distributed load per unit length of the span. To obtain the design uniformly
distributed load over the entire span, the udl (uniformly distributed load) obtained as above shall
be assumed to be spread over the entire span. However, minimum loading for any pipe rack shall
not be less than 2.0 KN/m2. In case, the calculated loading is higher than 2.0 kN/m2, this shall be
rounded off to the nearest multiple of 0.25 (i.e. 2.25, 2.50, 2.75 kN/m2).
loading of the pipes for four or more pipes supported on a tier for global design, and 30% of the
design vertical loading of the pipes in longitudinal direction & 10% of the design vertical loading
of the pipes in transverse direction for single to three pipes supported on a tier. Longitudinal
friction force shall be considered as uniformly distributed over the entire span of the beam at each
tier and transverse friction force shall be considered as a concentrated load at each tier level.
Friction force on T-supports and trestles shall be taken as 30% and 10% in longitudinal and
transverse directions respectively of the vertical loading. Both longitudinal and transverse friction
forces shall be considered to be acting simultaneously.
For local beam/member design shall be checked for frictional forces 30% of the vertical loads in
both longitudinal and transverse directions acting simultaneously. The local beam design shall not
be checked for seismic/wind loads acting simultaneously along with the frictional forces.
6.3 Anchor and Guide Force (Thermal load)
The Anchor or Guide Forces in longitudinal and transverse directions shall be as per piping
inputs.
* Minimum specified uniform loads and minimum specified concentrated loads do not act
concurrently.
** Distribute concentrated loads over 300mm x 300mm area. For evaluation of local effects
of crushing (Ref. Cl 3.1.1 IS 875 Part II).
7.1.2 For railings, a horizontal force of 1.0kN at any one point or uniform load of 0.75kN/m shall be
used.
7.1.3 For structural calculations, the actual loading situation shall be adhered to if these are more
stringent. If heavy equipment has to be supported, the weight of this equipment in excess of
the live load specified above shall be taken into account.
7.1.4 For garages and fire stations, the live loads shall also include the maximum weight of the
trucks and/or fire fighting equipment.
7.2.1 DG house
7.2.5 Laboratory
Upper floors 4.0 KN/m2
7.2.6 Staircase
Office 5.0 KN/m2
Substation/Control Room 5.0 KN/m2
Laboratory 3.0 KN/m2
Service platform 2.5 KN/m2
8 Contingency Loads
8.1 RCC Structures
All floor slabs and beams shall be designed for a concentrated load of 10 KN acting
simultaneously with the uniform live load, but not with actual concentrated loads from
equipment, piping etc. This load shall be placed to result in maximum moment and / or
maximum shear, it shall not be considered for the design of columns, foundations and in
overall frame analysis. For floor slabs, the load shall be considered to be distributed over an
area of 0.75 m x 0.75 m.
Primary beams 10 KN
The effects of wind induced vibration shall be taken into effect as required by the applicable
codes, specifications and recommended practices listed in Section 2.1.
Basic wind loading parameters at HPCL site: -
Basic wind speed at Visakhapatanam, Vb = 50 metres / sec
k 1 = Probability factor (Risk coefficient for different class of structure in different wind speed
zone) = 1.0 for general buildings & structures.
k 2 = Terrain, height & structure size factor , for terrain category 2 , Structure class B,
(structure Size between 20m & 50m) at height 10 m = 0.98
k 3 = Topography factor = 1.0
Design wind speed, Vz = k1*k2*k3*Vb = 49 metres /sec
Design wind pressure, p z_gen = 0.6*Vz 2 = 1441 N/m 2 = 1.44 Kn /m 2 for general buildings at
structures at height 10 m above FGL
The sheds with louvers as cladding shall be considered as fully clad.
The design life span of all structures (units & offsite) shall be taken as 50 years. Temporary
structures shall be designed for a design life span of 25 years. Design life span for boundary wall
shall be as provided in IS: 875.
To account for surface area of piping, platforms and other attachments fixed to the equipment
the surface area of the equipment (vessel/column) exposed to wind shall be increased by 20% or
as specified in the mechanical data sheet of the equipment.
are made of ductile materials can withstand earthquakes with spectra four times higher than the
design spectra without collapse; and damage in such cases is restricted to cracking only.
In view of above it may be noted and the term "failure" used in the definition of categories
implies cracking and not complete collapse. Pressurised equipment where cracking can lead
to rupture may be categorised by the consequences of rupture.
Such equipment / structures where cracking will not lead to hazards are to be placed in
category-III and where it may lead to hazards within the complex are to be placed in category
- II. Category -I earthquake is an extreme event with little possibility of its occurrence.
Nevertheless in the remote case when it occurs, structures / equipment whose failure can lead
to loss of life at large are to be designed so as to avoid failure.
Following is the grouping of the areas/structures.
Category I: Blast Resistant Control Building
Category II: All equipments and their supporting structures, Bullets, Tanks & their
foundations etc.
Category III: Pipe-racks, Control Room-Substations Buildings, DG Sheds, F.W. Tank etc.
Category IV: Non-plant Buildings viz. Pump houses, Admin Building, Security Room,
Planning Room etc.
11.2 Seismic load (S) induced on structures, buildings, equipments, and foundations shall be
calculated in accordance of the requirements the IS standard as mentioned in Section 2.
11.3 Factors for the calculation of the seismic loading, i.e. seismic zone, soil profile, etc. shall be as
per Geotechnical Investigation and in accordance with the requirements of the IS standard as
mentioned in Section 2.
11.4 Basic Seismic Loading parameters:
Ref. Annex E, IS 1893 Part 1, 2002, Seismic Zone for HPCL site II,
Seismic Zone factor, Z = 0.10,
Design horizontal seismic coefficient, Ref. Cl 6.4.2, IS 1893: 2002
The Fundamental natural period shall be as per, Ref. Cl 7.6, IS 1893: 2002
For percentage of live load to be considered during seismic action for load evaluation, Ref
Table 8, IS 1893, Pt 1, 2002.
The seismic base shear VB = Ah* W
12 Thermal Loads (TL)
Generally the thermal loads shall be issued by piping stress analysis group. These loads shall
be used for design of pipe supports/structures.
The design of structure and foundation shall satisfy following minimum requirements.
12.1 The calculation of thermal loads (TL) shall be as per the requirements of the governing codes
and specification.
12.2 Thermal Loads caused by expansion and contraction due to a change in temperature from the
erection condition shall be carefully considered. Included are forces due to anchorage of
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VISAKH MARKETING INSTALLATION REISTEMENT
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Doc No:256324-500-DB-CIV-001 Rev: B Page 18 of 41
piping and equipment, sliding and rolling of equipment, and expansion and contraction of
structures.
12.3 Thermal loads due to the constraints and frictional forces of piping shall be considered as
follows:
(a) A minimum of 10% (in both longitudinal & transverse directions) of the gravity load for the
pipe supports / sleepers carrying 4 or more lines.
(b) A minimum of 30% of the gravity load in longitudinal direction & 10% in transverse
direction on pipe supports / sleepers carrying less than 4 lines.
Equipment on structural supports shall be analyzed for thermal loads to be resisted by the
structure and provisions shall be made to relieve the forces too large for the equipment or the
supporting structure. The friction factors to be used are the ones defined hereunder.
Steel To Steel = 0.3
Steel to PTFE Pad = 0.08
Steel to Concrete = 0.4
16 Load Combinations
16.1 General
16.1.1 Structures, buildings and foundations shall be designed for all individual load cases and the
various load combinations that may act together.
16.1.2 Load combinations using Working Stress Design or Limit State Design shall be as per the
requirements of the IS standard as mentioned in Section 2.
D Dead Load
L Live / Imposed Load
E Equipment Load (Empty Equipment)
EH Equipment Hydro test Load (Equipment with water load)
EO Equipment Operating Load (Equipment with operating fluid)
W Wind Load
S Seismic / Earthquake Load
OP Operating Load of piping and fluids
TL Thermal Load
TA Thermal Anchor Load
BP Bundle Pull Load
V Vibration Loads
H Earth Pressure Load
B Surcharge Load
f1 factor for Load
16.2.2 Strength load combinations for buildings with or without equipment shall be as per IS: 456-
2000.
1.5*D
1.5*D + 1.5*L
1.5*D + 1.5*L + 1.5*E
1.5*D + 1.5*EH
1.5*D + 1.5*L + 1.5*EO
1.5*D + 1.5*(W or S)
0.9*D + 1.5*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.5*D + 1.5*E + 1.5*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
0.9*D + 0.9*E + 1.5*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.5*D + 1.5*EO + 1.5*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.2*D + 1.2*L + 1.2*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.2*D + 1.2*L +1.2*E + 1.2*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.2*D + 1.2*L +1.2*EH + 1.2*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.2*D + 1.2*L +1.2*EO + 1.2*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
16.2.3 Service load combinations for general buildings shall be as per IS: 456-2000.
1.0*D
1.0*D + 1.0*L
1.0*D + 1.0*L + 1.0*E
1.0*D + 1.0*EH
1.0*D + 1.0*L + 1.0*EO
1.0*D + 1.0*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.0*D + 1.0*E + 0.8*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.0*D + 1.0*EO + 0.8*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.0*D + 1.0*L + 0.8*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.0*D + 0.8*L +1.0*E + 0.8*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.0*D + 0.8*L +1.0*EH + 0.8*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
1.0*D + 0.8*L +1.0*EO + 0.8*(W or S) reversible wind/seismic forces
16.2.4 IS: 800 Allowable stress design method shall be used with following load combinations for
design of structural steel open structures/sheds/pipe-racks. This is done in view of use of
STAAD PRO software for the analysis & design.
D + OP + TA + TL + V
D + OP + TA + TL + V +E
D + OP + TA + TL + V +EH
D + OP + TA + TL + V +EO
D + OP + L + TA + TL + V
D + OP + L + TA + TL + V +E
D + OP + L + TA + TL + V +EH
D + OP + L + TA + TL + V +EO
D + OP + TA + TL + EO
D + OP + TA + TL + EO + W reversible wind forces
D + OP + TA + TL + EO + S reversible seismic forces
D + OP +H + L
D + OP + H + B
0.9*D +0.9*OP +W reversible wind/seismic forces
0.9*D + 0.9*OP +S reversible wind/seismic forces
16.2.5 Strength load combinations for design of foundations shall be as per IS: 456-2000.
1.5*D + 1.5*OP + 1.5*L
1.5*D + 1.5*OP + 1.2*EO + 1.2*TA + 1.2*TL + 1.2*V + 1.2*B
1.2*D + 1.2*OP + 1.2*EO + 1.5*L + 1.2*TA + 1.2*TL + 1.2*V
1.2*D +1.2*OP + 1.2*EO + 1.2*TA + 1.5*W + f1*L + 1.2*B
1.2*D +1.2*OP + 1.2*EO + 1.2*TA + 1.5*S + f1*L + 1.2*B
1.2*D + 1.2*H + 1.5*L + 1.5*W reversible wind forces
1.2*D + 1.2*H + 1.5*L + 1.5*S reversible seismic forces
1.2*D + 1.2*EO + 1.5*L + 1.2*B + 1.2*H
0.9*D + 0.9*E + 1.5*W reversible wind forces
0.9*D + 0.9*E+ 1.5*S reversible seismic forces
16.2.6 Service load combinations for foundations shall be as per IS: 456-2000.
1.0*D + 1.0*OP + 1.0*L
1.0*D + 1.0*OP + 1.0*EO + 1.0*TA + 1.0*TL + 1.0*V + 1.0*B
1.0*D + 1.0*OP + 1.0*EO + 1.0*L + 1.0*TA + 1.0*TL + 1.0*V
1.0*D +1.0*OP + 1.0*EO + 1.0*TA + 1.0*W + f1*L + 1.0*B
1.0*D +1.0*OP + 1.0*EO + 1.0*TA + 1.0*S + f1*L + 1.0*B
1.0*D + 1.0*H + 1.0*L + 1.0*W reversible wind forces
1.0*D + 1.0*H + 1.0*L + 1.0*S reversible seismic forces
1.0*D + 1.0*EO + 1.0*L + 1.0*B + 1.0*H
1.0*D + 0.8*E + 0.8*W reversible wind forces
1.0*D + 0.8*E+ 0.8*S reversible seismic forces
16.2.9 Where loads other than those mentioned in Section 16.2.5 are to be considered in design, each
applicable load shall be added to the above load combinations with a factor of 1.0 for service
load combinations and 1.5 or 1.2 for strength load combinations. For permanent loads for
strength design factor 1.5 shall be used & for transient loads .factor 1.2 shall be used.
17.2 Foundations
17.2.1 All major foundations shall be on piles for LPG. For minor structures shallow spread
foundations or mat/raft foundations shall be designed if specified in soil report.
e) The capacity of the piles shall be as per final soil investigation report.
Not exposed to weather or in contact with 40 for beams & 50 for columns/pedestals
the ground above ground
25 for walls & slabs above ground
17.7 Staircase
17.7.1 Minimum width of stairs shall be 900 mm. Stairs shall have a maximum riser height of 175
mm and a minimum tread width of 250 mm for equipment support platform, maximum riser
height of 150 mm and a minimum tread width of 300 mm for buildings. No of risers shall be
restricted preferably to 12 depending on occupancy. At least one staircase shall be provided
for access to the roofs for maintenance.
17.7.2 Stairway in a single run shall have the same slope. The vertical rise of the stairways shall not
exceed 2.5 m for a single flight.
resting on beams
Cable / Pipe Trench / Launder Walls & 100 mm
Base Slab.
Pre-cast Trench Cover / Floor Slab 100 mm
Blast resistant wall 230 mm
Parapets, Louvre, fins, cantilever canopy 75 mm
Liquid retaining structure wall/ base slab above ground 150 mm
17.11.4 The calculated lateral deflections due to load combinations for building shall not exceed the
following:
(a) Occupied buildings = h/250
(b) Wall stanchions = h/350 or 20 mm whichever is less
18 Masonry Structures
18.1 General
Where needed, masonry structure design shall be in accordance with the applicable codes,
specifications and recommended practices listed in Section 2.2.6
Structural Components
The minimum thickness of structural sections shall as given below;
Trusses/bracings 6 mm
Purlins, side girts/runners 6 mm
Columns, beams 7 mm
Gussets in trusses & girders
Up to & inclusive of 12 m span 8 mm
Above 12 m span 10 mm
Stiffeners 8 mm
Base-plates 12 mm
Chequered plates 6 mm on plain
Grating 25 mm
Grout for structural columns As required but minimum 25 mm
Grout for equipments As required but minimum 40 mm
19.2 Miscellaneous
18.2.1 Gutter shall be made of mild steel quality of minimum 6 mm thickness; the section shall be
trapezoidal with proper supporting arrangement from purlin at regular interval of 1m to 1.5 m
spacing.
18.2.2 Materials for sheeting:
Roof sheeting for structural buildings shall be pre-coated/ corrugated GI sheeting 20 CGI
sheet & 22 CGI sheet (corrugated) for side cladding. Translucent sheet shall be used covering
10%-20% of the area of side sheet & roof sheet with polycarbonate.
18.2.3 Down comer pipes at suitable positions as per design shall be fixed below gutter made of mild
steel of 3.55 mm thickness and minimum 150 mm diameter.
18.2.4 Wind bracing/tie runners of minimum size L50X50X6 shall be provided at 4 points in a truss
(one at each corner) for structural roof system i.e. this shall be designed as structural members
for proper transfer of wind forces to the foundation.
18.2.5 Forms of construction shall be rigid as per Cl. 4.2.1.1 of IS: 800-2007.
Class of sections to be used shall be Class 3 semi compact per Cl 3.7.2 of IS: 800- 2007.
All steel sections shall be of minimum thickness 8 mm except rolled sections (e.g. web of
ISMB, ISMC etc)
For trusses , camber shall be provided in such a way that for truss span > 15 m , that maximum
deflection due to Dead Load + 50% of superimposed load = Maximum camber.
Area Around
Non plant
Bldgs.
Transformer
Yard
Notes:
1) Existing services where interfering with the new construction should be located and rerouted
as instructed by HPCL.
2) Micro grading shall be carried out by the Contractor over graded areas to bring the FGL to
indicated levels including provision of required slopes and finishes.
3) 75 thick PCC (1:3:6) over compacted earth shall be provided under pipe track areas to
prevent vegetation growth in case the area is not concrete/asphalt paved.
20.1.1 Paving within areas for Maintenance / Dropout/ Loading / Unloading / Vehicular movement-
Type 1 (200 mm thick RCC M20)
21.2 Joints
Expansion joint of 20 mm shall consist of 20 thick impregnated fibre board, filled at top with
joint sealing compound 20 x 25.
Equipment / column pedestals will be separated from paving with 20 thick sand fill and sealing
compound 20 x 25 as shown in standard / drawings.
R= Hydraulic radius
S= Slope
n= Roughness Coefficient
Roughness Coefficient shall be considered as follows;
a) Plastered surfaces = 0.013
b) Cast in situ concrete = 0.015
c) Concrete/Brick Lining = 0.017
The following points are to be followed while sizing the storm water drains
Minimum velocity in drains = 0.6 m/s
Maximum (Scouring) velocity in drains = 2.4 m/s
Preferred (Self cleansing) velocity in drains = 1.0 m/s
Minimum depth of drains = 300 mm
Minimum width of rectangular drains = 300 mm (for depths 500 mm)
Minimum width of rectangular drains = 500 mm (for depths 500 mm)
Contaminated rain water / Oily water drainage are routed underground to OWS tanks as
appropriate. Sewage to be passed to septic tank & then routed through soak pit & sewage
treatment plant
Concrete pavement run-off surfaces shall slope at 1:100 to perimeter channels. Systems shall
be sized to cope with worst of storm water run-off or fire water run-off.
Camber: 1 In 50
Radius Of Curve: 6 m for 6 m wide road
Extent: As per Plot Plan & Equipment (Unit Area) Layouts
24.3 Analysis & design procedure for ring walls & RCC pile caps for Steel Tanks:
a) Ring walls shall be designed to transfer vertical loads due to tank shell wall, roof, and
incident load due to water or product /oil stored and abutting on ring wall top inside the
shell to firm bearing strata. The vertical load due to product stored or water in tank
during hydro test is transferred directly through tank base plate to firm bearing strata.
b) Ring walls shall also be designed to resist all horizontal loads due to earth pressure,
surcharge pressure due to product stored or water stored in tank. Simultaneously ring
walls shall also resist all horizontal loads due to wind & seismic forces and moments
thereof. Hoop tension due to surcharge pressure shall be the primary stress in ring walls.
c) Sand fills or compacted earth fills shall be provided on the inside of the ring wall from
conical tank bottom till founding level of ring wall.
d) For tanks which are supported on piles they are provided with RCC pile caps with or
with out ring walls. Ring wall shall rest on the RCC pile cap at a minimum depth of
1.2m below Finished Ground Level (T/o pile cap at 1.2 m below FGL).
e) Pile cap shall take all vertical & horizontal loads from ring walls as described in i) & ii)
above as also the weight of product liquid or water during hydro test transferred directly
through tank bottom plate & sand fill. Load from ring wall shall be applied as a
concentric uniform load along centreline of ring wall. Product load & water load shall
be applied as area load on top of pile cap. Bending moments due to wind or seismic
horizontal loads shall be calculated at bottom of pile cap level.
f) Pile group shall be designed to resist both vertical loads resulting from external loads,
self weight & vertical surcharge pressure as also all unbalanced external horizontal
loads, earth pressure & horizontal surcharge pressure. Pile group shall be preferably
arranged concentrically with ring wall centreline as the guiding circle. Critical
horizontal & vertical loads to be calculated in corner piles and they shall be kept within
safe pile capacities obtained from pile test report.
g) Pile cap shall be designed as bending member & pile shall be considered as hinged
support with provision for tension reinforcement at bottom of pile cap.
h) Tanks may be resting on different systems of foundation: -
a) On RCC piles and pile caps.
b) On earthen tank pad with or without ring wall.
provided with additional piles at centre or the slab can be suspended as dictated by the
criticality of load.
xi) If the tank bottom slab is suspended the section shall be thinner at middle & thicker at
edges below wall (i.e. for the pile cap portion).
xii) Depending on criticality of underground tank analysis & design may be checked by
STAAD-PRO software using finite element method also after routine calculation in
excel.
25 Design Philosophy/Criteria
25.1 Architectural Design
Architectural design of buildings/sheds shall be in accordance with this design basis and
references as stated herein, in addition to the applicable statutory requirements, layout
planning requirements and so on.
Scale of accommodation for industrial work spaces = @ 14m3 per occupants. Minimum clear
heights such workspaces shall be 3.6 m. Height above 4.25 m shall not be taken into account.
25.4 Aesthetics
Apart from the fulfilment of functional & safety requirement, aesthetic requirement of the
building/sheds shall be taken care of in the design. As specific guidelines for achieving
required aesthetics are difficult to establish, following guidelines shall be followed:
Preliminary Drawings including schematic plans, elevations/views indicating architectural
treatment proposals shall be submitted for Owner's approval.
Following elements shall be considered as contributory elements to aesthetics and their design
etc. shall be subjected to the Owner's approval. Any change/modifications sought for
aesthetics improvements with regards to these elements shall be carried out. Any incidental
elements like brickwork, RCC work etc. required for such changes/modifications shall also be
added.
Building/shed shape and features
Canopies, overhangs & shading devices
Gutters
Entrance/exit steps, door
Window/Ventilator composition
External wall location with respect to columns
Colour scheme, grooves in plaster
Spatial arrangement
25.5.4 Walls
Following schedule shall be adhered to for wall material and thickness:
External Walls = 230 mm thick brick wall
Internal partition wall= 230/115 mm thick brick wall depending on the overall length and
height of the wall (Refer note below)
Transformer Perfect Party/Fire resistant Walls= 350 mm (including plaster) thick brick wall or
200 mm thick RCC wall
Concrete wall (Blast resistant) = Minimum 230 thick RCC wall as per structural design
Notes:
115 mm Thick brick partition walls (with nominal steel requirement as per structure design)
shall be provided with 230 mm thick brick pillars or RCC transoms/mullions for stability.
Wherever conduits or pipes are required to be concealed within partition wall, the wall
thickness shall be increased suitably.
Wherever, bricks are not commonly available, suitable alternative material (fly ash bricks)shall
be used after obtaining owners approval.
Fly Ash bricks of the first quality (class 5.0 as per IS:12894,)
Compressive strength of the Brick 50 kg/cm2 .
External wall = 230 mm thick
Half Fly ash brick wall = 115 mm
115 mm Thick brick partition walls (with nominal steel requirement as per structure design)
shall be provided with 230 mm thick brick pillars or RCC transoms/mullions for stability.
25.5.5 Doors
Doors shall be provided for access, security and safety at all entry & exits of rooms, functional
areas & the buildings. Air tight door shall be provided in pressurized area and in gaseous
protection area. Fire door shall be with two hours rating as per statuary requirement.
Emergency door shall be opened outwards. Sizes of the doors shall be determined on the basis
of the following schedule:
Equipment, Panel area: Size of maximum equipment including packing.
Other areas: Volume of movement through door, W.C., Bath etc.
Cubicle Door: 800 mm x 2100mm (masonry wall opening size)
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VISAKH MARKETING INSTALLATION REISTEMENT
PROJECT LPG TERMINAL
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25.5.7 Canopy/Overhang
RCC/steel Canopy/Overhangs shall be provided at all entrances for rain and sun protection,
accentuation of the entrance and pedestrian movement as per the following schedule:
For all offices, control rooms, composite buildings/sheds accommodating offices, canopy shall
be provided at all entrances. Size of the canopy shall be decided based on vehicle parking and
pedestrian movement in addition to aesthetics of the building/shed.
Overhangs shall be provided over all exits. Size of the overhang shall be decided on the
aesthetics of the building/shed subjected to minimum of 1000 mm.
Blast proof Control Rooms shall not have any projections with outer face of its walls except
with false treatment for aesthetics of the building.
25.5.9 Parapet
Parapets shall be of RCC for all buildings with minimum 300 mm high for non-approachable
roof and 1000 mm high for approachable roof.
25.5.13 Passages/Corridors
Passages/corridors shall be provided to integrate various spaces. Width of the
passages/corridors shall be as per statutory requirements.
25.5.17 Railings
Railings shall be provided in roofs, stairs, and in all unprotected openings in slabs as a safety
device. Steel railings in high level loading/ unloading bay of substations shall be of removable
type. Parapets shall be given precedence over railings on roofs. All railings shall be as per
standard drawings issued.
25.5.18 Toilets
Toilets shall be provided for all habitable buildings/sheds. Gents & ladies toilet, drinking water
enclosure and janitor space, all shall be provided as required. The fittings/fixtures provided for
bath / toilet shall be of luxury/coloured type.
26 Mounded Bullets
There are two separate mounds for storage of LPG & Propylene. One consisting of 3 x 1300 MT
LPG Bullets. & another consisting of 2 x 250 MT Propylene Bullets. The Mounds consisting of
RCC retaining wall on all four sides. Inside the retaining wall sand is filled in layers & LPG /
Propylene tanks are placed on filled sand. The sand is filled over these tanks again. & the top is
stone finished.