Professional Documents
Culture Documents
. 2013/2014.
135
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2. ( 1. ) ,
( ) ( ).
= . .
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3 () :
= ,
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PROLAENJE
prelaenje + provoenje + prelaenje
tf1 1
t z1
tz 2
tz3
2 tf 2
1 2
1 2
136
2
= ( )
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) +
() . . '''' .
( = 0), .
() ()
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1.
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137
. -
.
- -
T
prostorni 0 T T x,y ,z
T T
- : ravanski 0, 0 T T x,y
z
T T T
linijski 0, 0, 0 T T x
z y
(, )
( = )
T
grad T je vektor grad T n0 T i j k
n x y z
T T T K
grad T
x
i
y
j
z
k -
m
- Q [] -
()
Q J Q
Q W ; 0 Q idem
d s d
- () ... q A
() . .
Q W
q A 2 ; m2
A m
138
() .
- () q l
Q W
q l
l m
18. 19.
.
( .. ) .
()
q grad T
( ).
.
- ,
( ).
-
grad T -
n
T2
T2 T1
q T1
- ()
q grad T
grad T
T dT
(vrsta materijala, agregatno
T stanje, T, ...)
q
q T dT
izotropno
q f T ,materijal
139
, , =12200 W/
= 20,8 , , = 0,0066 W/.
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140
()
- ( 1)
T T T
0 ; 0 ; qi 0
y z
T (1) granina povrina (2) povrina projekcije zida u ravni
dT
Q x Ax
T1 dx
Q x Q x dx
Q x Q x dx
d Qx
T2 Q x dx Qx dx
dx
0
Q x const
f x
dT dT
Ax 0 A C Q x Q
x
x
dx dx
T x
Ax dT C dx C1 Ax T1 T C x C1
T1 0
T1 T2
x 0 ; T T1 C1 0 Ax A ; x ; T T2 C Q
/ ( A)
T1 T2 T1 T2
Q q
A
R,A
A
T
T T1
T1 T2 x
0 1 bT
T1
co nst
T . T2
- 0 1 b T 0 1 bT
141
T const ;
1
Ru R1 R2 R3 ... 2 3 ...
T1 1 A 2 A 3 A
T2
T1 T5 T T
T3 Q const 1 2
T4 R1 R2 R3 R4 R1
1 2 3 T1 T3 T2 T5
4 T5
R1 R2 R2 R3 R4
x
1 2 3 4 -
R1 R2 R3 R4
()
T T T
const.; 0; 0; q i 0 T T r
y
dE
Q r Q r dr Q i
T2 d
0
r1 0
r2 T1 dQ r
Q r dr Q r dr
dr
r dr dQ r
0 Q r const. Q
Qr Qr dr dr
dT
Q r A r c
dr
dT
Qr 2 r l
dr
d dT
2 r l 0
dr dr
142
a) const
T r
dr r
2 l dT c c1 2 l T1 T c ln c1
T1 r1
r r1
r r1 T T1 c1 0
2 l T1 T T1 T2 r
r r2 T T2 c Qr T T1 ln T r
r r2 r1
ln ln
r1 r1
T1 T2 1
Q ; R ,l -
1 r2 2 l
ln
2l r1
1
Q ql l; ql Ri
2 i l
T1 T2 T1 T3
ql i 2 Q
1 r 1 r 1 r
ln 2 ln 2 ln 3
2 r1 2 1 l r1 2 2 l r2
143
( )
()
( ) .
= +
( )
(
- - ).
, .
.
,
(, . ) ( , ).
.
, . ().
.
-
. , .
( ) -
(. ).
,
. (. ) .
(>> R ) .
( ) -
. , ,
( ) ( ).
144
()
, , . ,
, , .
.
. ( ),
, .
.
- . ,
, , .
0 w , .
.
x . ,
x . .
w , x .
.
W
3
W
W
2
y 1
x
Xkr 4
1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4
19.
R = wx/ w, x .
145
R = wx/ , .
R , (
) .
5 6
R . 10 < R < 4.10
.
- .
x .
R = w d/ : w - d - .
-
, . :
Q (Tz Tf ) A (1 )
:
- ;
z, f - ;
- ;
()
T
Q dA (2 )
n A
(1) (2) :
T
n A
(3)
Tz Tf
146
(3)
, . . (1)
.
.
: (), ()
() . .
()
.
. .
. :
, - ,
?
.
(
) ( ) .
147
(4) (), () ()
w
w x w y w z 0 (5)
l x y z
w2 w x p
w x t g g
l x x x
(6)
w 2w 1 w x
2x 2 w
2l x l 3 x x
c w t T t T
2
c p w x 2
2
l x l x
(7)
p
w w x w
l x l
,
()
. (5),
(6) (7) .
(5) .
. (6) (7)
w2 p w
t g (8)
l l l2
2
c w t t w p w
(9)
l 2l l l2
(8) (9)
p p'
2
Eu Eu ' (10)
w ' w ' 2
w ' l ' wl wl
Re Re ' (11)
'
'
g' ' ' l ' gl gl 3 G G'
2
2
2 2
r2 r 2 (12)
w' w w l Re R' e
2 2
148
' c p ' w ' l ' c pwl wl
Pe Pe ' (13)
' a
: Re - , Eu - , Gr , Pe - .
w l w l
Pe Re Pr (Pr / a ) (16)
a a
, . (3) .
T
n A
(17)
Tz Tf
x/x= (17)
x x
Nu x Nu x (18)
,
. , ,
.
, (1910)
. --
/ ,
() ( )
:
149
Re Re (Re ynolds )
l
Eu Eu Eu ( Euler )
w 2
g T l 3
Gr Gr Gr (Grasshof )
2
Pr Pr Pr (Pr andtl )
a
l
Nu Nu Nu ( Nusselt )
mod el (') za fluid
Nu=CRemPrnGroTp
n
P
T rf
PrA za fluid neposredno uz graninu povr Tf TA
k
Nu
f
150
( n( 3) 2 )
1
Tf1
T2
Q 1 A Tf1 T1
T1
T3
T4 Q 1 A T1 T2 2 A T2 T3 3 A T3 T4
1 2 3
1 2 3 2 T
f2
2
Q A T T
4 f2
1 1
Q 1 2 3 Tf1 Tf2
1 2 3 1 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 2 A
Tf 1 Tf 2 Tf 1 Tf 2
qA k Tf 1 Tf 2
1 1 2 3 1 1 n
i 1
1 1 2 3 2 1
i 1 i 2
1 n
1
i
1 i 1 i 2
1 W
k
1 n
1 m 2K
i
1 i 1 i 2
151
()
T1 T2 T2 T3 T3 T4
Q 1 2r1 Tf 1 T1 q
1 r2 1 r3 1 r4
ln ln ln
21 r1 2 2 r2 2 3 r3
Tf 1 Tf 2
Q 2 2r2 T2 Tf 2 q k Tf 1 Tf 2
1 n
1 ri 1 1
ln
2r11 i 1 2 i ri 2rn 1 2
Q 1 n
1 1 1
q 1 2r1 Tf 1 T1
r
ln i 1 Ra k
2r11 i 1 2 i ri 2ri 1 2 Ra
152