Methods for

identification of
P. capsici
Phytophthora species.
Gloria Abad, Ph. D.
Lead Scientist
USDA/APHIS/PPUSDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI
P. ramorum MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LABORATORY

WORKSHOP:Fighting
WORKSHOP: FightingPhytophthora:
Phytophthora:How
Howto toDetect,
Detect,Investigate,
Investigate,
andManage
and ManagePhytophthora.
Phytophthora.July
July26
262008
2008
APSCenntennial
APS CenntennialMeeting
Meeting2008
2008
 Diseasescaused
Diseases causedby
byPhytophthora
Phytophthora 88spp.
88 spp.7/25/08
7/25/08
MDL
Root,Crown,
Root, Crown,Collar
CollarRots,
Rots,Stem
Stemcanker,
canker,Wilts
Wilts

P.ramorum
P. ramorum P.cinnamomi
cinnamomi
Leafand
Leaf andStem
StemBlights
Blights P.

P.infestans
infestans P.capsici
P. capsici
P. Fruit,and
Fruit, andTubers
Tubersrots
rots

P.capsici
P. capsici P.infestans
P. infestans
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos: Mostly from the internet
 Phytophthora pinifolia AJ. Durn, Gryzenh. & MJ Wingf. (2008)
MDL

Perfect stage
Not Known

Durn A, Gryzenhout M, Slippers B, Ahumada R, Rotella A, Flores F, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. 2008. Phytophthora pinifolia
sp. nov. associated with a serious needle disease of Pinus radiata in Chile. Plant Pathology 57: 715-727.
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
 Phytophthora sp. morindae Abad ZG & Nelson S
MDL

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 ThePhylogenetic
The Phylogeneticposition
positionofofStraminipiles
Straminipilesand
andFungi
Fungiininrelation
relationtotoother
otherEucaryotes
Eucaryotes
Phylogenetictree
Phylogenetic treefrom
fromBaldauf
Baldaufetetal,
al, 2003
2003Science 300:1703-1706
Science300:1703-1706
MDL

Straminipiles
Straminipiles

Phytophthora

Pythium

Fungi
Fungi
Pythiogeton

Fusarium Rhizoctonia Colletotrichum Peronospora

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
 MDL

Phylogenetic
Phylogenetic
Relationships of
Relationships of
Straminipiles and
Straminipiles and
Straminipiles
Straminipiles
Fungi with
Fungi with other
other
Organisms
Organisms
SSUrRNA
rRNAEvolutionary
Evolutionary
SSU
Tree
Tree
FromVan
VandedePeer
PeeretetalalJ.J.
From
Mol. Evol, 2000 2000
Mol. Evol, 2000 2000

Fungi
Fungi

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 MDL

Additional characters
Additional charactersthat
thatdifferentiate
differentiatestraminipiles
straminipilesto
totrue
truefungi
fungi

Trait
Trait Oomycetes
Oomycetes Fungi
Fungi
Cellwall
Cell wallcomposition
composition -1,3and
-1,3 -1,6glucans;
and -1,6 glucans; Chitin
Chitin
cellulose
cellulose

Storagereserves
Storage reserves -1,3glucans
-1,3 glucans Glycogen
Glycogen
(Mycolaminarin)
(Mycolaminarin)

SomaticCells
Somatic Cells Coenocytic
Coenocytic Mostlyseptate
Mostly septate

Somaticnuclei
Somatic nuclei Diploid
Diploid Haploid
Haploid

Mitochondrialcristae
Mitochondrial cristae Tubular
Tubular Flat
Flat

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 MDL
TAXONOMICPOSITION
TAXONOMIC POSITION

Kingdom: Straminipila (Dick 2001)

Phylum: Heterokonta
Sub-Phylum: Peronosporomycotina
Phytophthora
Class: Peronosporomycetes
(OOMYCETES)
800 SPECIES (3 subclasses)
Subclass: Peronosporomycetidae
Order: Peronosporales (Waterhouse, 1973)
Pythium Order: Pythiales? (Dick et.al 1984)
Family: Pythiaceae (10 genera)
Genus : Phytophthora (87sp.), Pythium
(160sp.)
Family: Pythiogenaceae fam. nov. (2 genera) (Volglmayir et
Pythiogeton al 1999)
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
Genus : Pythiogeton (9 sp.), Medusoides (1 sp.) (gen. nov.)
 Phytophthora Species
MDL

Taxonomy of
Taxonomy of Phytophthora Species

The
The Era
Era of
of Morphological
Morphological species
species
The
The Era
Era of
of Phylogenetic
Phylogenetic species
species
A
A new
new era
era of
of Morphological/
Morphological/Phylogenetic
Phylogenetic
Species?
Species?

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 MDL

EVOLUTIONIN
EVOLUTION INTHE
THETAXONOMY
TAXONOMYPHYTOPHTHORA
PHYTOPHTHORA

THE CLASICAL
THE CLASICAL ERA
ERA
AND THE
AND THE
MORPHOLOGICAL-SPECIES
MORPHOLOGICAL-SPECIES

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 Themarvelous
The marvelouspotato
potato
MDL

1500s 1700s

Whichwas
Which wasthe
thecause
cause
ofofthe
thedisease?
disease?
ThePotato
The Potato
Disease
Disease

Wherethe
Where the
Diseasecame
Disease came
From?
From?

1840s
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
 MDL
POTATODISEASE
POTATO DISEASECAUSE
CAUSE1840S
1840S
ANDTHE
AND THEPIONEERS
PIONEERSOF
OF
PLANTPATHOLOGY
PLANT PATHOLOGY

Anton
AntondedeBary
Bary1861,
1861,1876
1876
Researchers
Researchersinto
intothe
thenature
natureofofthe
thepotato
potatofungus
Rev.
Rev.Berkeley,
Berkeley,1846
1846 Phytophthora infestans. J. R. Agric. Soc.
fungus
England
Phytophthora infestans. J. R. Agric. Soc. England
The
ThePotato
PotatoMurrian
Murrian 12:239-269
12:239-269

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 Phytophthorainfestans
Phytophthora infestansCenter
Centerof
ofOrigen
Origencurrent
currentteories
teories
MDL
1841-1842
1841-1842 Morren,Belgium 1841-1842
Morren,Belgium 1841-1842Teschemacker,
Teschemacker,USA
USA

MexicanTheory
Mexican Theory

AndeanTheory
Andean Theory USA1842
USA 1842and
andUSA
USAtoto
Europe1845
Europe 1845
USA&&Europe
Europe1841-1843
1841-1843 Postulatedby
Postulated byRedick
Redick1928
1928
USA LinesofofEvidence:
Evidence:
Suggestedby:
Suggested by:Berkeley
Berkeleyand
andDeDe Lines
Bary Neiderhauser.
Neiderhauser.
Bary Supporters:Fry,
Fry,Goodwin,
Goodwin,
LinesofofEvidence:
Lines Evidence:Abad
AbadG.G. Supporters:
1983,Abad
AbadG. G.and
andAbad
AbadJ.J.1995
1995 Grunwland
Grunwland
1983,
Supportedby:
Supported by:Ristaino,
Ristaino,
Morales,Torres,
Morales, Torres,Forbes,
Forbes,
Restrepo
Restrepo
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
 MDL
Phytophthora Morphological
Phytophthora Morphological Taxonomy
Taxonomy

Rosenbaum
RosenbaumJ.J.1917.
1917.Studies
StudiesofofthetheGenus
GenusPhytophthora
Phytophthora. Proceedingsofofthe
. Proceedings theNational
National
AcademyofofSciences
Academy SciencesofofthetheUnited
UnitedStates America3:3:159
StatesofofAmerica 159-163.
-163.
Tucker,
Tucker,CM CM1931.
1931.Taxonomy
Taxonomyofofthe thegenus
genusPhytophthora
Phytophthorade deBary
Bary. Univ.Missouri
. Univ. MissouriAgric.
Agric.
Exp.Sta.
Exp. Sta.Bull.
Bull.153:
153:11-208
-208
Leonian
Leonian, LH.1925.
, LH. 1925.Physiological
Physiologicalstudies
studieson
onthethegenus
genusPhytophthora
Phytophthora. West.Virginia
. West. Virginia
Agric.Expt.
Agric. Expt.Sta.
Sta.Sci.
Sci.Paper
Paper1111: :444
444-498.
-498.
Leonian
Leonian, LH1934.
, LH 1934.Identification
IdentificationofofPhytophthora species.West
Phytophthoraspecies. WestVirginia
VirginiaAgriculture
Agriculture
ExperimentStation
Experiment StationBulletin
Bulletin262:
262:22-36
-36
Frezzi
Frezzi, MJ.1950.
, MJ. 1950.LasLasespecies
especiesdedePhytophthora
Phytophthoraen enlalaArgentina,
Argentina,Revista
Revista
deInvestigaciones
de InvestigacionesAgr Agrcolas IV:47
colas IV: 47134.
134.
Waterhouse
WaterhouseGM GM1963.
1963.KeyKeytotothe
thespecies
speciesofofPhytophthora
Phytophthorade deBary
Bary. MycolPap
. Mycol Pap92:
92:2222
Waterhouse
WaterhouseGM GM1970.
1970.TheThegenus
genusPhytophthora
Phytophthorade deBary
Bary. MycolPap
. Mycol Pap122:
122:1159
59
Newhook
NewhookFJ, FJ,Waterhouse
WaterhouseGM, GM,Stamps
StampsDJ.DJ.1978.
1978.Tabular
Tabularkey keytotothe
thespecies
speciesof
of
Phytophthorade
Phytophthora deBary
Bary. Mycol.Pap.
. Mycol. Pap.43.
43.
Stamps
StampsDJ,DJ,Waterhouse
WaterhouseGM, GM,Newhook
NewhookFJ, FJ,Hall
HallGS.
GS.1990.
1990.Revised
Revisedtabular
tabularkey
keytotothe
the
speciesofofPhytophthora
species Phytophthora. MycolPap
. Mycol Pap162:
162:2828pp.
pp.
Erwin
ErwinO,O,Ribeiro
Ribeiro. .1996.
1996.Phytophthora DiseasesWorldwide.
PhytophthoraDiseases Worldwide.APS. APS.Press.
Press.St.
St.Paul,
Paul,MN.
MN.
Gallegly
GalleglyME,ME,Hong
HongC. C.2008.
2008.Phytophthora
Phytophthora: IdentifyingSpecies
: Identifying SpeciesbybyMorphology
Morphologyand and
DNA.APS.
DNA. APS.Press.
Press.St.
St.Paul,
Paul,MN.
MN.

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 MDL

Newhook,Waterhouse,
Newhook, Waterhouse,and andStamps.
Stamps.1978
1978 Erwinand
Erwin andRibeiro.
Ribeiro.1996.
1996.Phytophthora Diseases
PhytophthoraDiseases
TabularKey
Tabular Keytotothe
theSpecies
SpeciesofofPhytophthora
Phytophthora Worldwide.APS.
Worldwide. APS.Press.
Press.
DeBary.
De Bary.Commonwealth
CommonwealthMycological
MycologicalIntitute,
Intitute,
KewSurrey,
Kew Surrey,England
England

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 MDL

The64
The 64Phytophthora morphospeciespresented
Phytophthoramorphospecies presentedatatErwin
Erwinand
andRibeiros
RibeirosBook
Book(1996)
(1996)

P. arecae (1913) P. fragariae v. oryzobladis (1978) P. megasperma (1931)

P. boehmeriae (1927) P. fragariae v. rubi (1993) P. melonis (1976)
P. botryosa (1969) P. gonapodyides (1927) P. mexicana (1923)
P. cactorum (1886) P. heveae (1929) P. mirabilis (1985)
P. cajani (1978) P. hibernalis (1925) P. nicotianae (1896)
P. cambivora (1927) P. humicola (1985) P. palmivora v. palmivora (1919)
P. capsici (1922) P. idaei (1995) P. palmivora v. heterocysta (1983)
P. cinnamomi (1922) P. ilicis (1957) P. phaseoli (1889)
P. cinnamomi v. parvispora (1993) P. infestans (1876) P. porri (1931)
P. citricola (1927) P. inflata (1949) P. primulae (1952)
P. citrophthora (1925) P. insolita (1980) P. pseudotsugae (1983)
P. clandestina (1985) P. iranica (1971) P. quininea (1947)
P. colocasiae (1900) P. italica (1996) P. richardiae (1927)
P. cryptogea (1919) P. japonica (1974) P. sinensis (1982)
P. cyperi (1935) P. katsurae (1979) P. sojae (1958)
P. cyperi - bulbosi (1953) P. lateralis (1942) P. syringae (1909)
P. drechsleri (1931) P. lepironiae (1919) P. tentaculata (1993)
P. eriugena (1977) P. macrochlamydospora (1991) P. trifolii (1991)
P. erythroseptica v. erytroseptica (1913) P. meadii (1918) P. undulata (1989)
P. erythroseptica v. pisi (1959) P. medicaginis (1991) P. verrucosa (1940)
P. fragariae v. fragariae (1940) P. megakarya (1979) P. vignae (1957)

UNCULTURABLE SPECIES

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 MDL

Sixty of the important

species and taxons

New dichotomous-like key is presented using minimal morphological

characters and the Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism PCR-
SSCP DNA fingerprint of the ITS rDNA.

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 Morphologicalfeatures
Morphological featuresof
ofPhytophthora
Phytophthora Asexualphase
phase
MDL
Asexual
Asexualphase
Asexual phase
sporangiophore
sporangiophore sporangium
sporangium chlamydospores
chlamydospores P.drechsleri

hyphalswellings
hyphal swellings
Phytophthora ramorum
Sexualphase
Sexual phase
Temperature
Temperature
P.cambivora growthatat20,
growth 20,
25,30,
25, 30,35C
35C

oospore
oospore
G.Abad.PPIL.NCSU
Colonymorphology
Colony morphology
oogonium
oogonium antheridium
antheridium P. sp. morindae
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos by G. Abad
 MORPHOLOLGYOF
MORPHOLOLGY OFSPORANGIOPHORES
SPORANGIOPHORES
MDL

UNBRANCHED BRANCHED EXTERNAL INTERNAL

PROLIFERATION PROLIFERATION

P. erytroseptica P. sp. kelmania P. sp. 3 P. bisheria P. lateralis

BOTRYOSE CLUMPS UMBELLA TYPE SYMPLE SYMPODIUM LONG SYMPODIUM

P.botryosa P.capsici P.kernoviae P. ramorum

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos by G. Abad
 Sporangia shapes
MDL

Globose Globose Ovoid Ellipspoid Lemoniform

Phytophthora sp.
P. bohemeria P. cactorum aucubae P. sp.niederhauserii P.
P. capsici
capsici

Obpyryform Constricted Tapered base Irregular Irregular

P. cryptogea P. erytroseptica P. tropicalis P. nicotianae P. nicotianae

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
 Sporangium, papilla, exit pore and pedicel shapes
MDL

Papillate short pedicel

pedicell Semipapillate- Semipapillate- Non-papillate
Medium pedicel Long pedicel persistent

P. cactorum P. bohemeria P. botryosa P. capsici P. sp.niederhauserii

Exit pore
Narrow Medium Wide Two papilla

P. nicotianae P. bohemeriae P. citrophthora P. sp. personii P. capsici

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos by G. Abad
 Hyphalswellings
Hyphal swellings
MDL

P.drechsleri

P. sp. personii
P. sp. niederhauserii

P. sp. kelmania

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

P. foliorum
Photos by G. Abad
 Chlamydosphores
Chlamydosphores
MDL

Terminal Intercalary Clustered

P. tropicalis Phytophthora sp. Juniper P.cinnamomi.

Terminal, lateral, intercalary

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL P. ramorum Photos by G. Abad

 Phytophthorasexual
Phytophthora sexualphase
phase
MDL
Antheridia
Paragynous amphigynous Paragynous/ amphigynous

P. cactorum P. capsici P. glovera

Paragynous Unusual shapes oospores

Plerotic Aplerotic

P. bisheria P.sp. aucubae P. cactorum P. capsici

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos by G. Abad
 MorphospeciesGroups
Morphospecies Groups[Waterhouse
[Waterhouse(1963),
(1963),Newhook
Newhooketetal.
al.(1978),
(1978),Stamps
Stampsetetal.
al.1990]
1990]
MDL Mostly HO
GROUPII
GROUP
Mostly HO
GROUPIIII
GROUP
Mostly HT
Mostly HT GROUPIII
GROUP III Mostly HO
Mostly HO

P
P A1 x A2
P. cactorum P. heveae HO P. citricola
i.e P.boehmeriae, P.botryosa, P.capsici, i.e P.cyperi, P.cyperi bulbosi, P. inflata,
i.e P. clandestina, P. idaei, P.iranica,
P.italica, P.pseudotsugae, P.tentaculata P.pseudotsugae, P.tentaculata, P. meadii, 6 P. lepironiae, P. porri, P. primulae, 2

Mostly HT Mostly HO Mostly HT

GROUPIV
GROUP IV Mostly HT GROUPVV
GROUP Mostly HO GROUPVI
GROUP VI Mostly HT

A1 x A2
A1 x A2
P. infestans P. megasperma P. cryptogea
i.e P.cambivora, P. cinnamomi,
i.e P. hibernalis HO, P.ilicis HO, P. mirabilis, i.e. P.fragariae v. fragariae, v. rubi P. humicola
P. drechsleri,
P. phaseoli HO, P. colocasiae, P. eriugena, HO P.insolita, P. lateralis, P. medicaginis, P. sojae, 3 P.erythroseptica HO, P. gonapodyides
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos by G. Abad
 MDL Problemsin
Problems inmorphological
morphologicalID
ID of
ofPhytophthora
Phytophthora Species
Species

88 species described to 7/25/08

variability in morphological characters

limited no. of morphological characters
overlapping in morphological
characters
Some atypical isolates
Difficulties in sporulation
Lack of expertise for identification
The need of molecular characterization
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
 MDL

EVOLUTIONIN
EVOLUTION INTHE
THETAXONOMY
TAXONOMYPHYTOPHTHORA
PHYTOPHTHORA

THE MODERN
THE MODERN ERA
ERA
AND THE
AND THE
PHYLOGENETIC -- SPECIES
PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 molecularmarkers
Phytophthoramolecular
Phytophthora markers
MDL

Whiteetetal.
White al.1990,
1990, Primers
PrimersITS
ITS1,2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5 Leeand
andTaylor
Taylor1992-
1992-1993
1993
Lee
Firstphylogeny
First phylogeny

Cookeetetalal1996
Cooke 1996&&1997
1997
GroupIIpapillated
Group papillatedHO,
HO,RFLP
RFLP
Cooke-et
Cooke- etal
al2000.
2000.phylogeny
phylogeny

Martinand
Martin andTooley
Tooley2003
2003
mtCox
mt CoxIIsequencing
sequencingphylogeny
phylogeny

Kroonetetal.
Kroon al.2004
2004
Tef
Tef
mtCox
mt CoxIIII
mtnad11
mt nad11
-tubulin
- tubulin

JaimeBlair
Jaime Blairand
andMichael
MichaelCoffey.
Coffey.2007.
2007.Seven
SevenNuclear
Nuclearand
andMitochandrial
MitochandrialMarkers
Markers
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
 MDL
ITS TEF 1 and - Tubulin

CL1

CL2
CL3
CL4
CL5
CL6

CL7

CL8

Cookeetetal.
Cooke al.2000.
2000.Fungal
FungalGenetics
Genetics
AndBiology
Biology30,
30,17-32
17-32 Kroonetetal.
Kroon al.2000.
2000.Fungal
FungalGenetics
Genetics
And
AndBiology
And Biology41,
41,766-782
766-782
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL Photos by G. Abad
 MDL
AAgenus-wide
genus-widephylogeny
phylogenyfor
forPhytophthora
Phytophthorausing
usingseven
sevennuclear
nuclearloci
loci

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 24 Species of Phytophthora described after Erwin and Ribeiro (1996) 7/25/08
MDL

1998
P. multivesiculata Ilieva, Man int Veld, Veenbaas-Rijks & Pieters
1999
P. quercina Jung

2001 2005
P. tropicalis Aragaki & Uchida P. kernoviae Brasier, Beales & Kirk
P. oryzo-bladis (Wang and Lu) Ho 2006
P. pistaceae Mirabolfathy P. captiosa Dick & Dobbie
P. polygony Zheng & Ho P. fallax Dick & Dobbie
P. ramorum Werres, de Cock & Man Int veld P.foliorum Donahoo & Lamour
2002 P.polonica Belbahri, Melgarejo & Leford
P. europaea Hansen & Jung 2007
P. psichrophila Jung & Hansen P. alticola Maseko, Coutinho & MJ Wingf.
P. uliginosa Jung & Hansen P. austrocedrae Gresl. & Hansen
P. brassicae de Cock and Man int Veld P. frigida Maseko, Coutinho & MJ Wingf. (2007)
P. ipomoeae Flier & Grnwald P. siskiyouensis Reeser & EM Hansen (2007)
2003 2008
P. inundata, Brasier, Sanchez-Hernadez & Kirk P. bisheria Abad ZG, Abad JA & Louws
P. pseudosyringae Jung & Delatour P. gallica T Jung T & J Nechwatal
2004 P. irrigata C Hong & M Gallegly (2008)
P. alni Brasier & Kirk P. parsiana Mostowfizadeh, Cooke &
P. inundata, Brasier, Sanchez-Hernadez & Kirk Banihashemi
P. hedraiandra de Cock & Man int Veld P. pinifolia AJ. Durn, Gryzenh. & MJ Wingf.
P. polygony Zheng & Ho P. quercetorum Balci & Balci

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 Phytophthora taxons in process for official description
MDL

Many species in progress for official descriptions. Some examples.

13 species in progress for official description 16 putative new species

P. sp. andina Forbes et al. MIKE COFFEYS GROUP
P. sp. asparagi Cooke et al P. sp. carica
P. taxon cranberry Oudemans et al. P. sp. cuyabensis
P. sp. glovera Abad & Shew P. sp. erwinii
P. sp. kelmania Abad ZG & Abad JA P. sp. lagoariana
P. sp. morindae Abad ZG & Nelson S Phytophthora sp. novaeguinee
P. sp. niederhauserii Abad ZG & Abad JA P. sp. oregonsis
P. sp. pelgrandis Nirenberg & Gerlarch P. sp. sansomea
P. sp. personii Abad ZG et al. P. sp. sulawesiensis
P. sp. quercetorum Balci & Balci P. sp. zentmeyerii
P. sp. fragaefolia Shirai K & Shinmura CLIVE BRASIER GROUP
P. sp. hungarica Belbahri,L., Lefort,F., Five putative new species in P. megasperma
Calmin,G. and Oszako,T. complex
P. sp. sylvatica Belbahri,L., Lefort,F., DAVID COOKE (4), GLORIA ABAD (2)
Calmin,G. and Oszako,T. Six putative new species in P. insolita complex

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 Phy.infestans.P6.4CIPC
Phy.mirabilis.CBS678.85.CL1.IV
Phy.sp. andina.EC3343
Phy.ipomoeae.Pic99165
MDL Phy.phaseoli.CBS556.88.CL1.IV
757
Phy.infestans.IMI6606.CL1.IV
Phy.clandestina.IMI287317.CL1.
Phy.iranica.IMI158964.CL1.I
999 Phy.tentaculata.CBS552.96.CL1.
Clade 1
704
987 Phy.nicotianae.UQ848.CL1.II
Phy.idaei.IDA3.CL1.I
818 Phy.cactorum.IMI296524.CL1.I
Phy.pseudotsugae.IMI331662.CL1
Phy.hedraiandra.CBS111725

CL1
500 Phy.quercina.IFBQUE4
ITS REGION 747
Phy.ilicis.ILI.P590.CL3.IV
Phy.nemorosa.2055.2
Phy.pseudosyringae.PSEU.12
Phy.psychrophila.IFBPSY.2 Clade 3
413 Phy.heveae.IMI180616.CL5.II
1000
Phy.katsurae.IMI360596.CL5.II
Phy.arecae.IMI348342.CL4.II
Phy.palmivora.UQ1294.CL4.II
Clade 5
982 Phy.megakarya.IMI337104.CL4.II
Phy.botryosa.IMI136915.CL2.II Clade 4
CL2
Phy.citrophthora.IMI332632.CL2
343 Phy.meadii.Zantesd
558 Phy.colocasiae.IMI368918.CL2.I
Phy.tropicalis.P4742
Clade 2
CL3
Phy.inflata.IMI342898.CL2.III
728 Phy.citricola.IMI031372.CL2.II
996 Phy.capsici.IMI352321.CL2.II
Phy.sp. glovera.IS11095

CL4
Phy.multivesiculata.CBS545.9
974
6. Phy.bisheria.Cg2.33
Phy.megaspermaII.P1276
P.megaspermaIII.P250

CL5 700
P.megaspermaIV.P1279
Phy.megasperma.IMI133317.CL6.V
P.megaspermaV.P1280
Phy.gonapodyides.P1047
Phytophthora.sp.P61

CL6 Phytophthora.sp.P47
Phytophthora.sp.P51
Phytophthora.Pgchlamydo.P510
Phytophthora.sp.P79
326 Phytophthora.sp.P1044
Phytophthora.sp.Raspberry.P896
Phytophthora.sp.P1049
802 Phytophthora.sp.P1050
Clade 6
CL7 1000
Phytophthora.sp.cranberry.1410
976 Phytophthora.sp.P1054
Phytophthora.Salix.soil.P878
Phytophthora.sp.KACC40449
988 Phytophthora.sp.walnut.P532
831 Phytophthora.sp.apple.cherry.P
1000 Phy.humicola.IMI302303.CL6.V
Phy.inundata.P1052
Phytophthora.sp.asparagus.VPRI

CL8 1000 Phytophthora.sp.asparagi.UQ214

Phy.alni.sp.uniformis.P1375
Phy.alni.sp.Alni.P772
Phy.cambivora.IMI296524.CL7.VI
Phy.fragariae.v.fragariae.FVF=
Phy.fragariae.v.rubi.FVR=03.CL
Phy.alni.sp.Multiformis.P1256
843 Phy.europaea.IFBEUR2
Phy.uliginosa.IFBULI.1
Phy.cinnamomi.DQ173250.001.Avo
Phy.cinnamomi.UQ881.CL7.VI
1000 Phy.cajani.P536.CL7.VI
Phy.vignae.UQ136.CL7.VI
Phy.melonis.IMI325917
Clade 7
Phy.sinensis.ATCC46538.CL7.V
Phy.pistaciae.PIS15
970 Phy sp. niederhauserii.PPIL.01.511
Phy.sojae.UQ1200.CL7.V

Cookeetetal.
al.2000.
2000.Fungal
FungalGenetics
Genetics
Phy.erythroseptica.ATCC36302.C
707 Phy.cryptogea.IMI045168.CL8.VI
Cooke P.medicaginis.x.cryptogea.P74
Phy.drechsleri.ATCC46724.CL8.V
Phy.medicaginis.UQ125.CL8.V
AndBiology
And Biology30,
30,17-32
17-32 1000
966 Phy.trifolii.UQ2143.CL8.V
Phy.porri.CBS.567.86.CL8.III
1000 Phy.primulae.CBS620.97.CL8.III Clade 8
576 Phy.brassicae.CBS782.97
864 Phy.syringae.IMI296829.CL8.III
Phy.ramorum.cc2467
Phy.ramorum.20315247
1000 Phy.lateralis.IMI040503.CL8.V
Phy.hibernalis.ATCC.60352
Phy.avicenniae.CBS188.85
1000
Phy.macrochlamydospora.IMI1832
Phy.polymorphica.CBS.680.84 NO C
904 Phy.richardiae.IMI340618
Phy.kernoviae.P1571
Phytophthora.sp.C19.AY659738
Clade 9
Phytophthora.sp.Rf17
Phytophthora.sp.Rf6
1000 Phytophthora.sp.SCRP237
Phytophthora.sp.C25 NO C
0.1
Phy.insolita.IMI288805
Clade 10

RECENTLY DESCRIBED IN PROGRESS

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
Gloria Abad, Ph.D.
 Phytopthora species in progress of drescription in the group of G. Abad
Phy.inflata.IMI342898.CL2.III
P.inflata.03.2501.G24
P.inflata.03.2000
ITSREGION
REGION P.citricola.P47.112.3D.Perfect
P.citricola.P47.116.E1
ITS Phy.citricola.IMI031372.CL2.II
P.citricola.03.2745.F.fir
Phytophthora.sp.03.338.Aucuba.
604 Phythophthora.sp.Ph30.Rhododen
Phy.citrophthora.IMI332632.CL2
Phy.botryosa.IMI136915.CL2.II
Phy.meadii.Zantesd
Phy.colocasiae.IMI368918.CL2.I
577 P.glovera.11099.23
P.glovera.11095.28
P.glovera.11091.1.27
P.glovera.P11085.26
623 P.glovera.11083.1.25 P.sp. glovera
702 Phy.capsici.IMI352321.CL2.II
Phy.tropicalis.P4742
981 Phythophthora.sp.Ph35.58.Hwang
Phy.multivesiculata.CBS545.96.
P.bisheria.1680.Australia
P.bisheria. P.bisheria
P.bisheria.P1.33.AF408625.stra
P.bisheria.Cg2.3.3.AY241924.st
Phy.mirabilis.CBS678.85.CL1.IV
Phy.andina.EC3343
Phy.infestans.P6.4CIPC
Phy.ipomoeae.Pic99165
Phy.infestans.IMI6606.CL1.IV
Phy.phaseoli.CBS556.88.CL1.IV
P.sp. glovera
623 Phy.clandestina.IMI287317.CL1.
339 998 Phy.iranica.IMI158964.CL1.I
505 Phy.tentaculata.CBS552.96.CL1.
1000 Phy.nicotianae.UQ848.CL1.II
Phy.cactorum.IMI296524.CL1.I
Phy.idaei.IDA3.CL1.I
371 Phy.pseudotsugae.IMI331662.CL1
Phy.hedraiandra.CBS111725
Phy.heveae.IMI180616.CL5.II
Phy.hevea.05.495.G24
413 Phy.katsurae.IMI360596.CL5.II
Phy.ilicis.ILI.P590.CL3.IV
Phy.pseudosyringae.PSEU.12
453605 Phy.nemorosa.2055.2
Phy.psychrophila.IFBPSY.2
Phy.quercina.IFBQUE4
Phy.arecae.IMI348342.CL4.II
955 Phy.palmivora.UQ1294.CL4.II
Phy.megakarya.IMI337104.CL4.II
Phy.megasperma.IMI133317.CL6.V
Phytophthora.sp.02.867.strawbe
P.megasperma.03.660.strawberry
Phytophthora.P47.102.7.BC. H08
Phythophthora.sp.Ph30.50.2.02
261 Phythophthora.sp.Ph31.51.9.P72
Phy.megaspermaII.P1276
Phy.sp.03.326.F.fir.homothalli
P.megaspermaIII.P250
P.megaspermaIV.P1279
P.megaspermaV.P1280
Phy.gonapodyides.P1047 P. bisheria,
Phytophthora.Pgchlamydo.P510
Phytophthora.sp.P47
Phytophthora.sp.P51
Phytophthora.sp.P79
Phytophthora.sp.P61
Phytophthora.sp.Raspberry.P896
Phytophthora.sp.P1049
Phytophthora.sp.P1050
Phytophthora.sp.cranberry.1410
Phytophthora.sp.P1054
Phytophthora.sp.P1044
Phytophthora.Salix.soil.P878
P.personii.P31.51.4.P1YA.S.Tob

982
1000

939
P.sp. personii
P.personii.P31.51.5.G24.Tobacc
P.personii.P31.5.6.P56.X5.Toba
P.personii.P31.51.8.P38-XS.Tob
962Phy.humicola.IMI302303.CL6.V
Phy.inundata.P1052
Phytophthora.sp.KACC40449
925 Phytophthora.sp.walnut.P532
Phytophthora.sp.apple.cherry.P
Phytophthora.sp.asparagus.VPRI
Phytophthora.sp.asparagi.UQ214
1000 Phy.alni.sp.uniformis.P1375
Phy.cambivora.IMI296524.CL7.VI
Phy.alni.sp.Alni.P772
Phy.fragariae.v.fragariae.FVF=
Phy.fragariae.v.rubi.FVR=03.CL
P. sp. personii
Phy.alni.sp.Multiformis.P1256
Phy.europaea.IFBEUR2
828 Phy.uliginosa.IFBULI.1
Phy.cinnamomi.DQ173250.001.Avo
P.cinnamomi.Ph131.1A
P.cinnamomi.05.728.Blue.Holly
Phy.cinnamomi.UQ881.CL7.VI
P.niederhauserii.Cistus.Califo
P.niederhauseria.01.5112.Arvor
1000
P.sp. niederhauserii
P.niederhauseria.01.6056.Engli
P.niederhauserii.32023.Austral
P.niederhauserii.32086.Austral
P.niederhauserii.32022.Austral
Phy.cajani.P536.CL7.VI
539 Phy.vignae.UQ136.CL7.VI
506 Phy.melonis.IMI325917
Phy.sinensis.ATCC46538.CL7.V
946 Phy.pistaciae.PIS15
Phy.sojae.UQ1200.CL7.V
Phytophthora.03.2633
P.kelmania.Ph148.G311
P.kelmania.01.5341.F.Fraser.Fi
172 P.kelmania.02.119.A.G41 P. sp.kelmania
P.kelmania.01.5341.N.North.Fir
P.kelmania.02.200.F.Fir.
Phy.cryptogea.IMI045168.CL8.VI
Phy.erythroseptica.ATCC36302.C
640
Phy.drechsleri.ATCC46724.CL8.V
P.medicaginis.x.cryptogea.P74
Phy.medicaginis.UQ125.CL8.V
Phy.trifolii.UQ2143.CL8.V
P. sp. niederhauserii
473 Phy.porri.CBS.567.86.CL8.III
908 1000 Phy.primulae.CBS620.97.CL8.III
Phy.brassicae.CBS782.97
672 Phy.syringae.IMI296829.CL8.III
Phy.ramorum.cc2467
976 Phy.ramorum.20315247
999 Phy.lateralis.IMI040503.CL8.V
Phy.hibernalis.ATCC.60352
1000 Phy.avicenniae.CBS188.85
Phy.polymorphica.CBS.680.84
Phy.kernoviae.P1571
Phy.macrochlamydospora.IMI1832
Phy.richardiae.IMI340618
Phytophthora.sp.C19.AY659738
Phytophthora.sp.Rf17
826 Phytophthora.P9.001
Phytophthora.sp.Rf6
Phytophthora.sp.SCRP237
1000 Phytophthora.sp.C25
05.1205.Pond.H20.5.1
Phy.insolita.IM
0.1 I288805
P. sp. kelmania
 INTEGRATING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FOR A UNIFIED TAXONOMY OF PHYTOPHTHORA
MDL
P. cactorum
PAPILLATED

Clade 1

P. citrophthora Clade 4
G. Abad
2004 Clade 2

ITS Clade 3
Clade 6
P. cryptogea Clade 5
NON-
PAPILLATED (1)
Clade 8

Clade 7

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 INTEGRATING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FOR A UNIFIED TAXONOMY OF PHYTOPHTHORA
MDL PAPILLATE

7 DNA molecular
markers
P. cactorum

SEMIPAPILLATE

Phylo
tree
Michael
Coffey
2007 P. citricola

NON-PAPILLATE
G. Abad 2008

P. erytroseptica

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 INTEGRATEDMORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC
INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTICKEY-2007
KEY-2007
MDL
INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/MOLECULAR (PICTORIAL/PHYLOGENTIC)
KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF 80 ??? PHYTOPHTHORA SPECIES
SPECIES IN COOKE CLADE 2
ASEXUAL STAGE
SPORANGIOPHPORE SPORANGIA CHLAMYDOSPORES HYPHAL SWELLINGS
P. tropicalis

P. inflata SP
C -
Pe -
Pr +
ABSENT ABSENT Ch -
Hs -

P. citricola SP
C -
Pe -
Pr -
ABSENT ABSENT Ch -
Hs -

30-75 x21-44 av 47x34

P. capsici P?
C +
Pe L
Pr -
Ch +/-
Hs +

30-60 x 25-35 um
P. glovera 11099-23 SP
C -
Pe -
Pr -
ABSENT ABSENT Ch -
Hs -

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 MDL

INTEGRATED
INTEGRATED
MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC
MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC
KEY-2007
KEY-2007

Phytophthoraspecies
Phytophthora species
inCLADE
in CLADE22

In Progress by ZG Abad

G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL

 MDL
INTEGRATEDMORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTIC
INTEGRATED MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYLOGENTICKEY-2007
KEY-2007

In Progress by ZG Abad
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
 CENTREFOR
CENTRE FORBIOLOGICAL
BIOLOGICALINFORMATION
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
MDL THEUNIVERSITY
THE UNIVERSITYOF
OFQUENSLAND
QUENSLAND--AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA

LUCID KEY
LISENCE
OOMYCETES- PHYTOPHTHORA TO
By Gloria Abad and Michael Coffey Z.G.ABAD
2008
FUTURE SOFTWARE
PYTHIUM
PHYTOPYTHIUM nov. gen
PYTHIOGETON
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

LucidKeys
KeysHygrophoraceae
Hygrophoraceae Urbanbee
Urban beespecies
speciesofofthe
theSan
SanFrancisco
FranciscoBay
Bayarea
area
Lucid
G. Abad, Ph. D. USDA/APHIS/PPQ/PHP/PSPI/MDL
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/identification/phytophthora/index.shtml