RESULTS AND CALCULATION

Pressure Drop (mHO)

Fitting 4 GPM 5 GPM 6 GPM 7 GPM 8 GPM
(0.00025 m/s) (0.00032 m/s) (0.00038 m/s) (0.00044 m/s) (0.00050 m/s)
Straight Pipes
8 mm (cooper tube) 0.56 0.57 0.88 1.25 1.72
12 mm(PVC) full 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.32 0.41
15.5 mm (PVC) 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.16
18 mm (PVC) 0.08 0.11 0.16 0.21 0.26
Sudden enlargement 0 0 0 0 0.01
Sudden contraction 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.25 0.34

Bends
90 Bend -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.01 0.04
90 Elbow 0 0.03 0.09 0.15 0.20
90 T-joint 0.07 0.10 0.14 0.20 0.27
45 Y-joint -0.10 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05

Valves
Gate 0.08 0.14 0.22 0.3 0.39
Ball 0.08 0.16 0.23 0.3 0.41
Globe 1.36 2.16 2.99 4.36 5.57
In-line strainer 2.54 4.01 5.78 8.23 10.79

1
 Flow Rate : 4GPM
Fitting
h l/d V/2g K
Straight pipe
8 mm (copper tube) 0.56 125 1.26 4.44 104 -
12 mm (PVC) full 0.12 83.33 0.25 7.20 104 -
15.5 mm (PVC) 0.04 64.52 0.09 8.61 104 -
18 mm (PVC) 0.08 55.56 0.05 3.6 103 -
Sudden enlargement 0 - 0.25 - 0
Sudden contraction 0.06 - 0.25 - 0.24

Bends
90 Bend -0.06 - 0.09 - -0.67
90 Elbow 0 - 0.09 - 0
90 T-joint 0.07 - 0.09 - 0.78
45 Y-joint -0.10 - 0.09 - -1.12

Valves
Gate 0.08 - 0.09 - 0.89
Ball 0.08 - 0.09 - 0.89
Globe 1.36 - 0.09 - 15.20
In-line strainer 2.54 - 0.09 - 28.39

Flow Rate : 5 GPM

Fitting
h l/d V/2g K
Straight pipe
8 mm (copper tube) 0.57 125 2.07 2.76 104 -
12 mm (PVC) full 0.18 83.33 0.41 6.62 104 -
15.5 mm (PVC) 0.07 64.52 0.15 9.25 104 -
18 mm (PVC) 0.11 55.56 0.08 5.03 103 -
Sudden enlargement 0 - 0.41 - 0
Sudden contraction 0.11 - 0.41 - 0.27

Bends
90 Bend -0.04 - 0.15 - -0.27
90 Elbow 0.03 - 0.15 - 0.20
90 T-joint 0.10 - 0.15 - 0.68
45 Y-joint -0.09 - 0.15 - -0.61

Valves
Gate 0.14 - 0.15 - 0.96
Ball 0.16 - 0.15 - 1.09
Globe 2.16 - 0.15 - 14.74
In-line strainer 4.01 - 0.15 - 27.36

2
 Flow Rate :6 GPM
Fitting
h l/d V/2g K
Straight pipe
8 mm (copper tube) 0.88 125 2.91 3.02 104 -
12 mm (PVC) full 0.24 83.33 0.58 6.26 104 -
15.5 mm (PVC) 0.10 64.52 0.21 9.37 104 -
18 mm (PVC) 0.16 55.56 0.11 3.17 103 -
Sudden enlargement 0 - 0.58 - 0
Sudden contraction 0.17 - 0.58 - 0.30

Bends
90 Bend -0.02 - 0.21 - -0.10
90 Elbow 0.09 - 0.21 - 0.44
90 T-joint 0.14 - 0.21 - 0.68
45 Y-joint -0.07 - 0.21 - -0.34

Valves
Gate 0.22 - 0.21 - 1.06
Ball 0.23 - 0.21 - 1.11
Globe 2.99 - 0.21 - 14.46
In-line strainer 5.78 - 0.21 - 27.96

Flow Rate :7 GPM

Fitting
h l/d V/2g K
Straight pipe
8 mm (copper tube) 1.25 125 3.91 3.20 104 -
12 mm (PVC) full 0.32 83.33 0.77 6.22 104 -
15.5 mm (PVC) 0.13 64.52 0.28 9.09 104 -
18 mm (PVC) 0.21 55.56 0.15 4.16 103 -
Sudden enlargement 0 - 0.77 - 0
Sudden contraction 0.25 - 0.77 - 0.32

Bends
90 Bend 0.01 - 0.28 - 0.04
90 Elbow 0.15 - 0.28 - 0.54
90 T-joint 0.20 - 0.28 - 0.72
45 Y-joint -0.06 - 0.28 - -0.22

Valves
Gate 0.30 - 0.28 - 1.08
Ball 0.30 - 0.28 - 1.08
Globe 4.36 - 0.28 - 15.73
In-line strainer 8.23 - 0.28 - 29.70

3
 Flow Rate :8 GPM
Fitting
h l/d V/2g K
Straight pipe
8 mm (copper tube) 1.72 125 5.04 3.41 104 -
12 mm (PVC) full 0.41 83.33 1.00 6.15 104 -
15.5 mm (PVC) 0.16 64.52 0.36 8.61 104 -
18 mm (PVC) 0.26 55.56 0.20 2.97 103 -
Sudden enlargement 0.01 - 1.00 - 0.01
Sudden contraction 0.34 - 1.00 - 0.34

Bends
90 Bend 0.04 - 0.36 - 0.11
90 Elbow 0.20 - 0.36 - 0.56
90 T-joint 0.27 - 0.36 - 0.75
45 Y-joint -0.05 - 0.36 - -0.14

Valves
Gate 0.39 - 0.36 - 1.08
Ball 0.41 - 0.36 - 1.14
Globe 5.57 - 0.36 - 15.47
In-line strainer 10.79 - 0.36 - 29.97