LECIA 11

Propoziii atributive relative i

pronume relative. Pollution

GRAMATIC

A. Pronume relative form:

Subiect Complement Posesiv
persoane who who / whom whose
that that
obiecte which which whose
that that

B. Propoziii relative exist dou tipuri:

1. Subordonate relative calificative. Utilizare: pronumele relative pot fi:
subiect:
The girl who / that has red hair is his sister.
All who / that met Monica admired her.
He studied the picture which / that showed the princess in the car.
We never met anyone who / that liked him.

NOT: Pronumele calificative subiecte (who, which, that) sunt uneori nlocuite n relativele
calificative de:
1. un participiu prezent:
The highway which / that leads to Sydney has been closed. = The highway
leading to Sydney has been closed.

2. un participiu trecut:
The man who / that was caught stealing was arrested. = The man caught stealing
was arrested.

3. un INFINITIV, dup the only, the last, the first, the second etc:
The only swimmer who / that won 8 medals was Michael Phelps. = The only
swimmer to win 8 medals was Michael Phelps.
complement:
She is the woman (who / that) we met last night.
The milk (which / that) I bought has gone bad.

ATENIE! Cnd este folosit cu funcie de complement, de obicei pronumele relativ este omis
(dup cum se vede n exemplele de mai sus).

posesiv:
There is the musician whose composition won first prize.
Where is the restaurant whose chef is so famous?
complement prepozitional (who, that sau whom se folosesc pentru persoane;
which sau that se folosesc pentru lucruri):
The man to whom I spoke was very rude.
SAU: The man (whom / who / that) I spoke to was very rude.
 The subject in which he is interested is sociology.
SAU: The subject (which / that) he is interested in is sociology.

ATENIE! Prepoziiile sunt de obicei plasate DUP verb n propoziia subordonat, iar
pronumele relativ se omite.

2. Subordonate relative explicative form: subordonatele nu folosesc niciodat

pronumele relativ that, nu omit niciodat pronumele relative, sunt ntotdeauna
separate prin virgule. Utilizare: pronumele relativ poate fi:
subiect:
Our teachers, who are quite young, have good tastes in music.
That dirty truck, which looks abandoned, is mine.
complement:
Dr. Smith, whom I met a year ago, has a blog.
Their computer, which was bought 6 months ago, has stopped working.
posesiv:
My grandmother, whose eightieth birthday we celebrated in May, broke her leg
last week.
Our lodge, whose paint is peeling, looks terrible.
complement prepoziional (whom / who se folosesc pentru persoane; which se
folosete pentru lucruri):
The wanted man, for whom the police are looking, used to live in our town.
SAU: The wanted man, whom / who the police are looking for, used to live in our
town.
SAU: The wanted man, the police are looking for, used to live in our town.

NOT: Which se folosete cu referire la o propoziie precedent:

Gordon testified that he had never met her, which was a lie.
What se folosete cu sensul de lucrurile care, ceea ce:
What Gordon said was a lie.
All / both / few / most / some + of + whom / which se refer la persoane i lucruri:
The people from the plane, all of whom were ill, were hospitalized.
The two Mayan artifacts, both of which were museum pieces, were stolen.

EXERCIII

1. Transformai propoziiile ca n exemplu:

1. Ill bring the article about which they spoke.

..Ill bring the article they spoke about
2. The murderer for whom the police are looking is very dangerous.

3. The young woman with whom Ryan went to the cocktail party was very posh.

4. The child for whom Diana cares is two years old.

5. The telescope through which we looked allowed us to see the Moon at night.

6. The painting at which you are looking is an original Picasso.

 7. I love the music to which you are listening.

8. The vacation about which I have been dreaming is a week on a deserted tropical
island.

2. Transformai propoziiile nlocuind subordonata relativ cu un participiu prezent,

participiu trecut sau cu o construcie infinitival.

1. The children who are wearing blue T-shirts are from our team.

2. The car which is parked in front of the building is Victors.

3. The man who is running up the street attacked this woman!

4. The last person who abandoned the ship was the captain.

5. The only thing that you can do is to call an ambulance.

6. The noise which is being made by the construction workers is unbearable.

7. Id like to meet the woman who is speaking about cultural anthropology.

8. She will be the first woman who will be elected to the presidency in our country.

3. Combinai cele dou propoziii folosind pronume relative. Facei toate modificrile
necesare. Nu uitai virgulele pentru subordonatele explicative.

1. We saw many flats. Most of them were too expensive.

2. This story is about two lovers. Their lives are ruined by the war.

3. Professor Adams was talking to his assistant. We were waiting for this professor.

4. We bought about a douzen apples. All the apples were rotten.

5. This next performer is my favourite singer. Her name is Norah Jones.

6. Dont use the ATM at the corner. It has been vandalized.

7. Emma and Michael got married today. Both of them turned thirty yesterday.

8. This is the can. My mother wants to throw it out.

9. My girlfriend, Vera, disappointed me. I trusted her completely.

10. We dont believe this is the real reason. This is the reason youve given us to explain
why you lied about the accident.

VOCABULAR

Pollution

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (aka BP Oil Spill) is turning out to be one of the worst oil
disasters in history. How much damage has BP done? How will they make up for it?

BP made a deal with the government that they would give $20 billion for oil cleanup
and spill victims.
16,000 total miles of coastline have been affected, including the coasts of Texas,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida.
The initial oil rig explosion killed 11 people and injured 17 others.
Of the 400 miles of Louisiana coast, approximately 125 miles have been polluted by
the oil spill.
Over 1,000 animals (birds, turtles, mammals) have been reported dead, including
many already on the endangered species list.
The BP Oil Spill is the biggest in American history, with between 17 and 39 million
gallons spilled in the Gulf of Mexico.
Over 30,000 people responded to the spill in the Gulf Coast working to collect oil,
clean up beaches, taking care of animals and performing various other duties.

2. Find VERBS that are associated with these nouns. Example: destruction destroy

location
explanation
organization
subscription
protection
pollution
solution

3. Find ADJECTIVES that are associated with these nouns. Example: accident accidental

danger
illness
environment
poison
silence
power
success

4. Find NOUNS that are associated with these verbs. Example: accuse accusation

campaign
design
die
expand
prevent
promote
protest
5. Our world is a beautiful place that we must keep clean. Fill in the gaps in the sentences
below using the words in italics, to see what makes our planet unique!

ozone layer third Moon blue

Solar System life Sun water
satellites
continents

1. Our home, Earth, is the .. planet from the .

2. The celestial bodies that orbit around planets are called ..
3. Earth is the only known planet to have . in liquid form.
4. Our only natural satellite is called the .
5. The protects us from harmful Solar ultraviolet rays.
6. Earth is also the only known planet to host .
7. There are eight planets in our
8. The Earths land is divided into seven
9. Seen from outer space, Earth looks like a marble.

Did you know?

The major forms of pollution are: air pollution (the release of chemicals, such as carbon
monoxide, into the atmosphere), water pollution (liquid spills, waste discharges), soil
contamination (when chemicals, such as pesticides and heavy metals, are released into the
ground) and energy-based pollution (such as over-illumination, loud noises, visual
commercial overload etc.).

6. Follow the hints from Across and Down to complete the crossword.
Across
3. The gases that are responsible for Global Warming are called ...... gases.
4. Different colored garbage cans mean you must do this.
6. Planting trees helps you ...... the environment.
7. Polluted domestic water from rural and ...... areas have a significant impact on water
quality.
8. Proper crop and animal management here would help to control water pollution.
9. A single liter of motor ......, if disposed of improperly, can pollute 2 million liters of water.
10. Pollution and excessive levels of carbon dioxide have led to Global
11. Excess sediment, nutrients, toxics, and pathogens are all types of this.

Down
1. In order to lower the level of Greenhouse gases, we should protect trees and stop ......
2. The ...... is very important to counter the Greenhouse effect as it gives out a great deal of
oxygen and takes in carbon dioxide.
3. Land pollution means we are surrounded by a lot of this.
5. Our ...... as a species might depend on how we find solutions to pollution.