RELATIVE CLAUSE

I. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND RELATIVE ADVERBS

* Đại từ quan hệ (RELATIVE PRONOUNS): WHICH, WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT
Relative Pronouns Replacement Function
WHICH Thing S+O
WHO Person S
WHOM Person O
THAT Person + Thing S+O
WHOSE Possessive Adjectives Adj.
* Trạng từ quan hệ (RELATIVE ADVERBS): WHERE, WHEN, WHY
Relative Adverbs Replacement Function
WHERE = in / on / at + WHICH A place Adv.
WHEN = in / on / at + WHICH A time Adv.
WHY = for + WHICH A reason Adv.
May Day is the day when people hold a meeting. That is the house where we are living now.
Please tell me the reason why you are so sad.
II. RELATIVE CLAUSE
A. Non-defining and defining relative clauses:
 Defining relative clauses: Ex: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
 Non-defining relative clauses: Ex: That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr. Pike.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn được sử dụng khi tiền từ xác định:
- TÊN RIÊNG: Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar.
- TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU: Do you know my son, who had an operation last night?
- CÓ this / that / these / those: Please post these letters, which I wrote this morning.
B. Relative pronouns with prepositions:
Ex: The song is interesting. We like to listen to it.
The song which we like to listen to is interesting.
The song to which we like to listen is interesting.
Form:
Prep + whom / which (O) (Giới từ không đứng trước THAT và WHO)

@ NOTES:
DÙNG “THAT” VÀ KHÔNG ĐƯỢC DÙNG “THAT” TRONG CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP SAU:

MUST MUSTN’T

- Người + vật (the man and his dog) - Sau giới từ (in, on, with, to…)
- So sánh nhất (the best, the tallest, the most beautiful …) - Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có dấu phẩy.
- Everything, something, anything, nothing, all, none, very,
only, little, few, much (the very / only person) (Non-defining relative clauses)

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 EXERCISE
Exercise 1: Use relative pronouns and adverbs to complete these sentences:
1. Have you got the money………………………I lent 20. I met him in the café ……………….. he was
you yesterday? working.
2. Peter, …….... I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the 21. I listen to music late at night,……………….. the
party. children have gone to bed.
3. Mary, ……………..listened to you, looked angry. 22. I bought them in August, ………….. I was in
4. The house, ………….. they just bought, looks France.
lovely. 23. The man………………...paid for the meal was a
5. Jackson, ……..….. had been very ill, died friend of his.
yesterday. 24. The meeting………………we had to attend lasted
6. Is this the person …………..….. stole your for 3 hours.
handbag? 25. My office,………..is on the 2nd floor, is very small.
7. The dog, ……………….. had been very quiet, 26. Jane works for the company………….makes shoes.
suddenly started barking. 27. The girl………..……I sat next to talked all the time.
8. I didn’t receive the letters ………….. she sent me. 28. This school is only for children…….……………first
9. My mother, …………………….. hadn’t expected language is not English.
visitors, looked surprised. 29. Towns……………..…..attract tourists are usually
10. The old man, ……………….. had talked to them crowded in the summer.
earlier, knew that they were in the building. 30. He came late,………………………..surprised me.
11. The horse, ……………….. had been injured by the 31. Your friend, ………………... name I can’t remember,
flying stones, was very frightened. made a lot of noise.
12. I didn’t find the money ………….. you said you’d 32. The sun,……………..…..is one of millions of stars in
left. the universe, provides us with heat and light.
13. We visited the school …………….. my father 33. I recognized the assistant………….…… served us.
taught. 34. Which is the European
14. I met her last month ………… she came to our country……………..economy is growing the fastest?
house. 35. John,… …..….…speaks French and Italian, works
15. We all looked at the place ………….... the fire as a tour guide.
started. 36. She told me her address,…………..I wrote down
16. Did they tell you the reason ………….. they were on a piece of paper.
late? 37. Sarah,…………….…..you met yesterday, works in
17. The cat sat on the wall …………….. it had a good advertising.
view of the birds. 38. Mark, ……...car broke down, was in a bad mood.
18. They arrived in the evening……….. we were all 39. The river ……..……..we get our water-supply is
out. nearly empty.
19. I didn’t know the reason ……. they were so rude. 40. Mary, …...…speaks English fluently, is my friend.
Exercise 2: Combine these sentences, using “that”, “which”, “who”, “whom” or “whose”:
1. Julia has two sisters. Both of her sisters are teacher.
Julia has two sisters, both of whom are teacher.
2. They are singing a song. I don’t know the song.
They are singing a song which I don’t know.
3. A man spoke to me. He was very helpful.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………
4. She can’t speak English. It is a disadvantage.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………

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 5. I’m staying with Henry. His father works in a bank.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………
6. We know some people. They live in London.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………
7. They are the children. Their team won the match.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………
8. They are the postcards. I sent them from Australia.
…………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………….
9. The man invited me to his party. He was really polite.
…………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………….
10. A globe is a ball. This ball has a map of the world on it.
…………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………….
11. I should phone the man. I borrowed his car yesterday.
……………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………
12. Jill isn’t on the phone. This makes it difficult to contact her.
.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
13. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.
……………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
14. Do you know the new student? I can’t remember his name.
…………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………...
15. The bus is always crowded. I take it to school every morning.
……………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………...
16. My father bought a motor bike. The motorbike costs thousand dollars.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
17. John is my closest friend. I have known him for a very long time.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
18. We were given a lot of information. Most of the information was useless.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….
19. We spent our holiday in Thailand last year. Thailand is in the South East Asia.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. Ho Chi Minh City is in the South of Vietnam. HCM city is the most populous city in the country.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….
Exercise 3: Combine sentences, using “where”, “when” or “which”:
1. We enjoy the city. We spent our vacation there.
We enjoy the city where/ in which we spent our vacation.
2. 15th June is the day. I was born on that day.
15th June is the day when/ on which was born.
3. This is the house. The house has a big garden.
This is the house which has a big garden.
4. May Day is the day. People hold a meeting on that day.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………
5. Summer is the time. The weather is very hot then.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………..
6. I don’t like summer. It’s often hot then.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………..
7. The bed was comfortable. I slept in it last night.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………...
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 8. I do not know the reason. She left school for it.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………...
9. I love my parents’ house. I was born in that house.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………...
10. This is the house. We have lived there for five years.
……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………...
11. We often visit our friends in Bristol. It is only miles away.
…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………...
12. We enjoy this city. It has been renewed a lot after the war.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
13. I’ve recently gone back to the town. I was born in the town.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
14. Do you know the name of the hotel? John is staying at the hotel.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
15. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
16. We have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
17. Our school has a good laboratory. The students practice chemistry in the laboratory.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………
18. Our school has a good laboratory. Mr. John designed it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
19. The book is a telephone directory. We can look up telephone number in this book.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
20. Manchester is the largest city in USA. My brother lives there.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
Exercise 4: Combine sentences, using preposition + whom/which
1. This is the result of our work. I’m pleased with it.
 This is the result of our work with which I’m pleased.
2. This snake is dangerous. I’m afraid of it.
…………………………………………………………………………….............................................................................
3. This is the book. I’m looking for it.
……………………………………………………………………………................................................................................
4. I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night. `
……………………………………………………………………………................................................................................
5. The music was gentle. We listened to it last night.
……………………………………………………………………………................................................................................
6. Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them.
……………………………………………………………………………..................................................................
7. The man is over there. I told you about him.
……………………………………………………………………………................................................................................
8. The film is fantastic. They are talking about it.
……………………………………………………………………………................................................................................
9. She’s the nurse. We gave the flowers to her.
……………………………………………………………………………................................................................................
10. The teacher is Mr. Pike. We studied with him last year.
……………………………………………………………………………................................................................................

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