UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

TEST 1

09 February 2011

EQT 373 Statistics for Engineers

Time: 1 Hour and 30 Minutes

INSTRUCTIONS

Please make sure that this question booklet has FOUR (4) printed
pages including the front page.

This question booklet has THREE questions. Answer ALL

questions.

You are required to answer all the questions in this question

booklet.

All necessary working must be shown clearly.

NAME: ___________________________________________

MATRIC NUMBER: ________________________________

GROUP / COURSE: _________________________________

LECTURER: _______________________________________
Question 1:

The breaking strength X of a certain rivet used in a machine engine has normally
distributed with a mean 5000 psi and standard deviation 400 psi. A random sample of 36
rivets is taken.

(i) What is the probability that the sample mean falls between 4800 psi and 5200 psi?
(5 Marks)

(ii) What sample n of rivets would be necessary in order to have the probability for
sample mean between 4900 and 5100 is 0.99?
(5 Marks)

Solution

4002
X : N
5000,
36
4800 - 5000 5200 - 5000
P(4800 < X < 5200) = P( <Z< )
400 / 6 400 / 6
= P( -3 < Z < 3)
= 0.4987 + 0.4987 = 0.9974
= 0.9974

4002
X : N
5000,
n
P (4900 < X < 5100) = 0.99
4900 - 5000 5100 - 5000
P( <Z< ) = 0.99
400 / n 400 / n
P (- Za < z < Za ) = 0.99

a = 1 - 0.99 = 0.01
a
= 0.005
2
Z 0.005 = 2.5758

5100 - 5000
= 2.5758
400 / n
n = 106.1559 107

2
Question 2:

A scientist interested to know whether there is a difference in the average daily intakes of
dairy product between men and women. He took a sample of n = 50 adult women and
recorded their daily intakes of dairy products in grams per day. He did the same for adult
men. A summary of his sample results is listed in table below:

Men Women
Sample size 50 50
Sample mean 756 762
Sample standard deviation 35 30

(i) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the average daily intakes of
dairy products for men and women.
(4 Marks)

(ii) Can you conclude that there is a difference in the average daily intakes for men and
women? Test the hypothesis using a = 0.05 .
(6 Marks)

Solution

95% CI for the difference in the average daily intakes of dairy products for
men and women:
S 21 S 2 2
(X )
1 - X2 Za / 2
n1
+
n2
Za / 2 = 1.96
352 302
( 756 - 762 ) 1.96 +
50 50
-6 12.7776
[ -18.7776, 6.7776]

The hypothesis to be tested are:

H o : m1 - m 2 = 0
H1 : m1 - m 2 0

Rejection region: Z < - z a or Z > z a .

2 2

z a = z0.025 = 1.96 ( from normal distribution table )

2

Therefore, test statistic is:

3
Z=
( x - x ) -( m -m ) =
1 2 1 2 756 - 762
= -0.9204
s12 s2 2 352 302
+ +
n1 n2 50 50

Since -0.9204 does not less than -1.96 and also not exceed than 1.96, we
fail to reject H 0 (accept H 0 ) and that is, there is not sufficient evidence to
declare that there is a difference in the average daily intakes of dairy
products for men and women:

Question 3:

A Human Resource manager of a large firm believes there may be a relationship between
absenteeism and age of workers. A random sample of 10 workers were chosen and the
results below were obtained.

Age (years), x Day absent in a year, y

27 15
61 6
37 10
23 18
46 9
58 7
29 14
36 11
64 5
40 8

(i) Find the regression line of day absent in a year (Y) on age (X).
Given:
x = 421 ; y = 103 ; xy = 3817 ; x 2 = 19661 ; y 2 = 1221
(7 Marks)
(ii) Predict how many days a 45 year-old worker would be absent from work.
(2 Marks)

(iii) Interpret the meaning of b value in part (i).

(1 Marks)

4
 Solution
i)

x=
x = 421 = 42.1 y=
y = 103 = 10.3
n 10 n 10

n
SS xy = xi yi -
1 n n
( 421) ( 103) = -519.3
i =1
xi yi = 3817 -
n i =1 i =1 10

( 421) = 1936.9
2 2
1 n
n
SS xx = x - 2
ixi = 19661 -
i =1 n i =1 10

SS -519.3
b = xy = = -0.27
SS xx 1936.9

a = y - b x = 10.3 - ( -0.27 ) ( 42.1) = 21.667

The regression model is $

y = 21.667 - 0.27 x

ii)
$
y = 21.667 - 0.27 ( 45 ) = 9.517 10 days

iii)

b = -0.27 . This means if age increase by one year, the number of days
absent would decrease by o.27 days.

5
6
LIST OF FORMULAS

Binomial distribution

X : B ( n, p ) , P ( X = x ) = nCx p x q n - x
For m 1 - m 2:

s2 s2
( X 1 - X 2 ) ~ N m1 - m2 , 1 + 2 ,
Normal distribution n1 n2

x-m
x : N ( m ,s 2 ) , z =
s
( X 1 - X 2 ) - ( m1 - m2 )
Sampling distributions ztest =
s 12 s 22
s 2 +
X ~ N m , n1 n2
n
( X 1 - X 2 ) - ( m1 - m 2 )
ttest = , with n = n1 + n2 - 2
s 1 s 2
2 2
1 1

X 1 - X 2 ~ N m1 - m 2 , + sp +
n1 n2 n1 n2

pq
p ~ N p, ( n1 - 1) s12 + ( n2 - 1) s2 2
n Where Sp =
n1 + n2 - 2
Confidence interval For P:
p - p 0
s 2 pq ztest =
x za 2 , s is known P~ N p, and p 0 (1 - p 0 )
n n
n
s 2
x za 2 , s is unknown, n 30 For P1 -P2 :
n
s 2
x ta 2 ,n -1 , s is unknown, n < 30
n p1 (1 - p1 ) p2 (1 - p2 ) and
P1 - P2 ~ N p1 - p2 , +
n1 n2
) ))
pq x
. p za where p =
2 n n

( p1 - p 2 ) - ( p1 - p2 ) x1 + x2
ztest = with p =
Hypothesis testing: pq
pq n1 + n2
+
For m : n1 n2

Simple Linear Regression

s2 x-m x-m
X ~ N m , , z test = or , t test = ( x ) 2
n s s S xx = x 2 -
n
n n
( y ) 2
S yy = y 2 -
n
 ( x )( y )
S xy = xy - n

S S xy
a = y - b x b = xy r=
S xx S yy S xx