Temperature ("C)

Figure 9 The temperature variation of (a) thc dielectric constant E, (b) the pyroelectlic coeffi-
cient dPldT, and ( c ) the specific heat c,, of PhTiO,. (After Remeika and Class.)

show significant hysteresis when the electric field is increased and then re-
versed, both slowly.
Ferroelectricity usually disappcars ahove a certain temperature called the
transition temperature. Above the transition the crystal is said to be in a para-
electric state. The term paraelectric suggests an analogy with paramagnetism: