simple compound junto a next to, beside

a to, toward a causa de because of, due to lejos de far from

ante before, in front of acerca de concerning por causa de by cause of, because

under, underneath, beneath, adems de moreover por parte de on account of

bajo
below
adversamente a adverse to por razn de by reason of
con with
a excepcin de with exception of relativamente a relative to
contra against
a fuerza de by dint of respeto a with respect to
de of, from
alrededor de around sin embargo de however
desde since, ever since
al travs de across from tocante a about, concerning
durante during
without (with
a menos de
en in, on, at infinitive)

entre between, among antes de before

excepto except for a pesar de in spite of

hacia toward cerca de close to

hasta until, up to, as far as concerniente a with regards to

mediante by means of conforme a in accordance to

para for, in order to congruamente a congruent to

por for, by contrario a contrary to

salvo save for correspondiente

corresponding to
a
segn according to
debajo de under, beneath
sin without
delante de in front of
so under (legal term)
dentro de in, inside of
over, above, about,
sobre
concerning despus de after

tras behind, in back of detrs de behind, in back of

en cuanto a in as much as

en frente de in front of

en vez de instead of

en virtud de by virtue of

frente a before, in front of

fuera de outside of
 Reference Reflexive Verbs
Subject Pronouns

yo
nosotros Almost any verb can become reflexive by adding the "-self" component.
nosotras
vosotros
t*
vosotras As you saw in the English reflexive verb conjugation, all we did was add
l ellos "myself," "yourself," "himself," etc.
ella ellas
Usted Ustedes
*In some countries in Central This is a regular -ar verb in Spanish, conjugated in the present
& South America vos is used
tense:
instead of t.

nosotros
yo miro nosotras miramos
Reflexive Pronouns

me nos vosotros
t miras vosotras miris
te os
l ellos
se se ella mira ellas miran
Usted ustedes

Direct Object Pronouns

me nos

te os
In Spanish, the "-self" components are placed before the
lo los
conjugated verb.
la las
lo/la los/las
nosotros
yo me miro nos miramos
nosotras
Indirect Object Pronouns
vosotros
me nos t te miras os miris
vosotras
te os
l ellos
le les ella se mira ellas se miran
Usted ustedes
These pronouns refer to the"-self" as the object and are called reflexive pronouns.
Note that "se" represents himself, herself, Yourself, themselves, and Yourselves.
 Subject Pronouns SUBJECT PRONOUNS lo los Direct object pronouns work as representations of the
la las
nosotros lo/la los/las object of a verb's action.
yo
nosotras Subject pronouns represent the subject of the It depends on whether the
vosotros sentence. That is whoever/whatever is doing the Usted/Ustedes in the What are some things that you buy?
t*
vosotras sentence are "he's" or
l ellos action. Once you've established the subject, a "she's." To a male Usted
ella ellas you'd say "lo" - and to a ... a car, a house, dogfood, clothes, stamps, gas, etc.
pronoun usually comes into play to represent that female Usted you'd say "la."
Usted Ustedes
*In some countries in Central subject - instead of saying it over and over again.
& South America vos is used So, somebody buys a car, then goes out and washes
instead of t. "My Dad is getting older. My Dad lives in a big house. My Dad the car, then goes and puts gas in the car, then drives
helps me a lot. My Dad doesn't spend a lot of money. My Dad
doesn't watch TV." the car home ...

That paragraph sounds stupid saying "My Dad" over

What did somebody buy? What did he/she wash? What
and over again. It would be much better to use the
did he/she drive?
subject pronoun "he."

That's the direct object!

By the same token, you can't always say John & I, or
my family and I, or the class and I. "We" is much
simpler. Indirect Object Pronouns INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

me nos
Indirect object pronouns are the recipients of the
te os
Reflexive Pronouns REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS direct object. They often deal with who a given
le les
me nos action/object is to or for.
If there is a 3rd person
Reflexive pronouns are used in conjunction with a direct object pronoun (lo,
te os
verb. Whatever action is taking place reflects back to la, los, las) with the 3rd I'm giving the dog a treat.
se se person forms (le or les),
the subject - being that the subject is doing something then these change to SE. I'm frying the kids some eggs.
to/for him/herself. I'm taking my sick uncle some menudo.

I'm buying myself a car. And I'm trying to talk myself out of it. Nobody is giving the dog. A treat is being given. To or
But I feel myself leaning more and more toward just going for it! For whom?
Nobody is frying kids! Eggs are being fried !!! To or
The reflexive pronoun in Spanish goes right before the For whom?
conjugated verb, or gets attached to an infinitive, or I'm not taking a sick uncle anywhere. I'm taking
can be attached to a present participle. HUH??? What menudo. To or For whom?
does that mean?
Un-huh ... You got it !!!

Direct Object Pronouns DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

Possessive Pronouns POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

me nos

te os nuestro(s)
mi(s)
nuestra(s)
tu(s)
vuestro(s) Possessive pronouns will be easiest of all to
vuestra(s)
understand, I think.
su(s) su(s)
My book! My house! My car! My money! My idea! My friends!
Your book? Your house? Your car? Your money? Your idea? Your
friends ???

The odd thing about Spanish is that the possessive

pronouns have to agree in number with whatever
items are "owned."

Mi libro. Mi casa. Mi carro. Mi dinero. Mi idea. Mis amigos.

Tu libro. Tu casa. Tu carro. Tu dinero. Tu idea. Tus amigos.

Notice how the very last item (friends=amigos) has a

changed possessive pronoun. That's because it's a
plural item.