I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC CNG NGH THNG TIN

KHOA K THUT MY TNH
----------

BO CO
Mn: Thit K S 2
ti: Thit k, m phng s dng
Arduino iu khin n giao thng

GVHD: Ths. H L Hoi Trung

Tp. H Ch Minh, ngy 29 thng 05 nm 2015

 NHN XT CA GING VIN

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MC LC Trang

LI NI U .................................................................................................................... 1
I. NGUYN TC HOT NG CA N GIAO THNG ................................ 2
1. Cu to v nguyn tc hot ng ........................................................................... 2
1.1 Cu to ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Nguyn tc hot ng .............................................................................................. 2
2. Ln xanh ............................................................................................................... 3
II. CC CNG C THC HIN TI ................................................................ 3
1. Board Arduino Uno ................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Tng quan ................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 S chn ca Arduino .......................................................................................... 4
1.3 Ci t chng trnh Arduino IDE ....................................................................... 6
1.4 Ci t Driver .......................................................................................................... 7
2. Arduino IDE ............................................................................................................ 9
3. M phng Arduino trn Proteus .......................................................................... 14
III. THC HIN TI ........................................................................................... 17
1. Bi ton t ra ........................................................................................................ 17
2. M hnh v s ..................................................................................................... 17
2.1 M hnh tng qut ................................................................................................. 17
2.2 M hnh thit k ..................................................................................................... 18
2.3 S khi ............................................................................................................... 19
2.4 S gii thut ...................................................................................................... 19
2.5 S ASM ............................................................................................................. 21
2.6 Control Unit ........................................................................................................... 22
IV. TNG KT ............................................................................................................ 22
V. TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................... 23
MC LC HNH Trang

Hnh 1. M hnh n giao thng ng t .......................................................................... 2

Hnh 2. Arduino Uno. ......................................................................................................... 4
Hnh 3. Arduino IDE .......................................................................................................... 7
Hnh 4. Driver Software Installation. ................................................................................. 7
Hnh 5. Device Manager ..................................................................................................... 8
Hnh 6. Right click v chn Update Driver Software ..................................................... 8
Hnh 7. Click chn Browse my computer for driver software ......................................... 9
Hnh 8. Driver ..................................................................................................................... 9
Hnh 9. Arduino IDE ........................................................................................................ 10
Hnh 10. File menu ........................................................................................................... 11
Hnh 11. Click Examples .................................................................................................. 11
Hnh 12. Edit menu ........................................................................................................... 12
Hnh 13. Sketch menu ...................................................................................................... 12
Hnh 14. Tool menu .......................................................................................................... 13
Hnh 15. Chn Board ........................................................................................................ 14
Hnh 16. Th vin m phng Arduino ............................................................................. 15
Hnh 17. M phng Arduino bng Proteus ...................................................................... 16
Hnh 18. M hnh tng qut ............................................................................................. 18
Hnh 19. M hnh thit k trn Proteus ............................................................................ 18
Hnh 20. S khi .......................................................................................................... 19
Hnh 21. Control Unit ....................................................................................................... 22
Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

LI NI U

Trong nhng nm gn y cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t l tc ra tng khng

ngng v cc loi phng tin giao thng. S pht trin nhanh chng ca cc phng tin
giao thng dn n tnh trng tc nghn giao thng v tai nn giao thng xy ra
thng xuyn.Vn t ra y l lm sao m bo giao thng thng sut v an
ton?

gii quyt vn , nhm em chn ti: Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino

iu khin n giao thng nhm thit k v trin khai mt h thng iu khin cho
n giao thng ti mt ng t thng, nhm hn ch n tc v tai nn cho cc phng
tin tham gia giao thng.

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

I. NGUYN TC HOT NG CA N GIAO THNG

1. Cu to v nguyn tc hot ng

Hnh 1. M hnh n giao thng ng t

1.1 Cu to
H thng n giao thng hay l n iu khin giao thng gm hai ct
n chnh c lp t ti hai u ca hai ln ng khc nhau ng t.
Mi mt ct n gm 5 n l 3 n chnh gm: n xanh, n v n
vng; 2 n ph l 2 n dng iu khin ln ng dnh cho ngi i b:
n xanh ngi i b v n ngi i b.

Ngoi ra, mi mt h thng n c mt hp iu khin t s pht ra

tn hiu iu khin n. Tn hiu iu khin ca n t CPU thng qua cc
cng ra ri n cc rle, ri qua h thng dy ni n cc n.

1.2 Nguyn tc hot ng

C ch hot ng ca n giao thng tht ra rt n gin: Khi n xanh
ca ln ng 1 (Green1) c bt sng th cng lc n ca ln
ng 2 (Red2), n cho ngi i b ln ng 1 (padRed1), n xanh
ngi i b ln ng 2 (padGreen2) cng c bt sng. Sau mt khong
thi gian nht nh Green1 tt, n vng 1(Yellow1) c bt ln.

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Khi Yellow1 tt th Red2, pedRed1, pedGreen2 mi tt cng lc n

xanh 2(Green2), n 1(Red1), n cho ngi i b 2(padRed2), n
xanh cho ngi i b 1(padGreen1) c bt sng.
Lc n vng 2(Yellow2) c bt ln cng l lc Green2 tt, Yellow2
tt chu k c lp li vi Red2, Green1,

2. Ln xanh
Khi nim ln xanh c cp n y chnh l lm th no
phng tin tham gia giao thng c th gp hai n xanh lin tip hai ng
t lin nhau. Mun c nh vy chng ta phi lm sao cho chu k ca n
ng t tip theo ph hp vi tc ca phng tin v khong cch gia hai
ng t. V gii php ti cp y l ng t th hai ta lp t mt Timer
c tc dng to thi gian tr ca chu k n th hai so vi n th nht ph
hp.
Bi ton n giao thng trong bo co ny cha cp n ln xanh
m ch l chng trnh iu khin n cho mt ng t.

II. CC CNG C THC HIN TI

1. Board Arduino Uno
1.1 Tng quan
Arduino tht ra l mt bo mch vi x l c dng lp trnh tng
tc vi cc thit b phn cng nh cm bin, ng c, n hoc cc thit b
khc. c im ni bt ca Arduino l mi trng pht trin ng dng cc
k d s dng, vi mt ngn ng lp trnh c th hc mt cch nhanh chng
ngay c vi ngi t am hiu v in t v lp trnh. V iu lm nn hin
tng Arduino chnh l mc gi rt thp v tnh cht ngun m t phn cng
ti phn mm.

Arduino Uno l s dng chip Atmega328. N c 14 chn digital I/O, 6

chn u vo (input) analog, thch anh dao ng 16Mhz. Mt s thng s k
thut nh sau:

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Chip ATmega328
in p cp ngun 5V
in p u vo (input) (kin ngh) 7-12V
in p u vo (gii hn) 6-20V
S chn Digital I/O 14 (c 6 chn iu ch rng xung PWM)
S chn Analog (Input ) 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32KB (ATmega328) vi 0.5KB s dng
bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Xung nhp 16 MHz

1.2 S chn ca Arduino

Hnh 2. Arduino Uno.

a) USB (1).

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Arduino s dng cp USB giao tip vi my tnh. Thng qua

cp USB chng ta c th Upload chng trnh cho Arduino hot ng,
ngoi ra USB cn l ngun cho Arduino.
b) Ngun (2 v 3).
Khi khng s dng USB lm ngun th chng ta c th s dng
ngun ngoi thng qua jack cm 2.1mm (cc dng gia) hoc c
th s dng 2 chn Vin v GND cp ngun cho Arduino.
Bo mch hot ng vi ngun ngoi in p t 5 20 volt.
Chng ta c th cp mt p ln hn tuy nhin chn 5V s c mc in
p ln hn 5 volt. V nu s dng ngun ln hn 12 volt th s c hin
tng nng v lm hng bo mch. Khuyt co cc bn nn dng
ngun n nh l 5 n di 12 volt.
Chn 5V v chn 3.3V (Output voltage): cc chn ny dng ly
ngun ra t ngun m chng ta cung cp cho Arduino. Lu :
khng c cp ngun vo cc chn ny v s lm hng Arduino.
GND: chn mass.
c) Chip Atmega328.
Chip Atmega328 C 32K b nh flash trong 0.5k s dng cho
bootloader. Ngoi ra cn c 2K SRAM, 1K EEPROM.
d) Input v Output (4, 5 v 6).
Arduino Uno c 14 chn digital vi chc nng input v output s
dng cc hm pinMode(), digitalWrite() v digitalRead() iu
khin cc chn ny ti s cp chng cc phn sau.
Cng trn 14 chn digital ny chng ta cn mt s chn chc nng
l:
Serial: chn 0 (Rx), chn 1 (Tx). Hai chn ny dng truyn (Tx)
v nhn (Rx) d liu ni tip TTL. Chng ta c th s dng n

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

giao tip vi cng COM ca mt s thit b hoc cc linh kin c

chun giao tip ni tip.
PWM (pulse width modulation): cc chn 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 trn bo
mch c du ~ l cc chn PWM chng ta c th s dng n
iu khin tc ng c, sng ca n
SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK), cc chn ny h
tr giao tip theo chun SPI.
I2C: Arduino h tr giao tip theo chun I2C. Cc chn A4 (SDA)
v A5 (SCL) cho php chng tao giao tip gia Arduino vi cc
linh kin c chun giao tip l I2C.
e) Reset (7): dng reset Arduino.

1.3 Ci t chng trnh Arduino IDE

Cc bn truy cp vo trang web http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
v ti v chng trnh Arduino IDE ph hp vi h iu hnh ca my
mnh bao gm Windown, Mac OS hay Linux. i vi Windown c bn
ci t (.exe) v bn Zip, i vi Zip th ch cn gii nn v chy chng
trnh khng cn ci t.
Sau khi ci t xong th giao din chng trnh nh sau:

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 3. Arduino IDE

1.4 Ci t Driver
S dng cp USB kt ni Arduino vi my tnh, lc ny bn s thy
n led power ca bo sng. My tnh s nhn dng thit b v bn s
nhn c thng bo: Device driver software was not successfully
installed

Hnh 4. Driver Software Installation.

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

By gi bn click vo Start Menu chn Control Panel k n chng

ta chn System and Security, click System v sau chn Device
Manager.

Hnh 5. Device Manager

Chng ta s thy cnh bo mu vng thiu driver trn Arduino. Click

chut phi trn Arduino Uno icon sau chn Update Driver
Software

Hnh 6. Right click v chn Update Driver Software

Chn Browse my computer for driver software.

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 7. Click chn Browse my computer for driver software

Chn ng dn ti folder driver ni m phn mm Arduino c lu tr.

Hnh 8. Driver

Click Next Windown t ng ci t driver, qua trnh ci t driver hon

tt.

2. Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE l ni son tho code, kim tra li v upload code cho
arduino.

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 9. Arduino IDE

a) Arduino Toolbar c mt s button v chc nng ca chng nh sau:

Hnh 8. Arduino toolbar

- Verify: kim tra code c li hay khng

- Upload: np code ang son tho vo Arduino

- New, Open, Save: To mi, m v Save sketch
- Serial Monitor: y l mn hnh hin th d liu t Arduino gi ln

my tnh
b) Arduino IDE Menu:

File menu:

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 10. File menu

Trong file menu chng ta quan tm ti mc Examples y l ni cha code

mu v d nh: cch s dng cc chn digital, analog, sensor

Hnh 11. Click Examples

Edit menu:

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 12. Edit menu

Sketch menu:

Hnh 13. Sketch menu

Trong Sketch menu :

Verify/ Compile : chc nng kim tra li code.
Show Sketch Folder : hin th ni code c lu.
Add File : thm vo mt Tap code mi.
Import Library : thm th vin cho IDE
Tool menu:

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Hnh 14. Tool menu

Trong Tool menu ta quan tm cc mc Board v Serial Port.

Mc Board: cc bn cn phi la chn bo mch cho ph hp vi loi bo m

bn s dng nu l Arduino Uno th phi chn nh hnh:

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 15. Chn Board

Nu cc bn s dng loi bo khc th phi chn ng loi bo m mnh

ang c nu sai th code Upload vo chip s b li.

Serial Port: y l ni la chn cng Com ca Arduino. Khi chng ta ci

t driver th my tnh s hin thng bo tn cng Com ca Arduino l bao
nhiu, ta ch vic vo Serial Port chn ng cng Com np code, nu
chn sai th khng th np code cho Arduino c.

3. M phng Arduino trn Proteus

m phng c Arduino trn proteus th chng ta cn phi download
th vin arduino cho proteus. c c th vin ny cc bn cn truy cp
vo trang web: http://blogembarcado.blogspot.com/search/label/Proteus

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 16. Th vin m phng Arduino

Sau khi download v cc bn chp 2 file ARDUINO.IDX v ARDUINO.LIB vo th

mc:
Proteus 7:
C:\Program Files (hoc x86)\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 7 Professional\LIBRARY
Proteus 8:
C:\Program Files (hoc x86)\ Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8
Professional\Data\LIBRARY
Trong th vin ny h tr 5 loi board Arduino khc nhau trong gm c
Arduino Uno, MEGA, NANO, LILYPAD v UNO SMD v mt cm bin siu m
Untrasonic.
Sau khi chp xong chng ta khi ng Proteus ln vo th vin linh kin bng cch
bm phm P v g t kho l ARDUINO chng s hin ra danh sch cc board hin
c y ti chn Arduino Uno.

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 17. M phng Arduino bng Proteus

Lu chng ta cn phi cp ngun vo 2 chn 5V v Gnd trn mch nh hnh

trn
Ngoi nhng cng c trn, ti cn s dng Led v in tr, gm c:
10 n Led:
+ 2 Led Xanh
+ 2 Led Vng
+ 2 Led
+ 2 Led nh
+ 2 Led Xanh nh
10 in tr 1k

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

III. THC HIN TI

1. Bi ton t ra
iu khin tn hiu n cho cc phng tin giao thng:
Trn cc hng i c b ba n iu khin xanh, vng, .
Cc n hiu s c iu khin theo logic v phi m bo
thi gian n ca hng ny phi ln hn hoc bng tng
thi gian n xanh v n vng ca hng kia.
Th t n cho mi hng l: vng xanh vng,...
iu khin tn hiu n cho ngi i b:
Trn cc hng i c b n hiu cho ngi i b gm hai tn
hiu xanh v .
Tn hiu n xanh ca ngi i b s bt u sau khi n
ca phng tin ca hng sng c 1s v kt thc trc
khi tn hiu n xanh cho phng tin giao thng ca hng
sng 1s.

2. M hnh v s
2.1 M hnh tng qut
Bi ton c thit k da trn m hnh n giao thng thc t ti cc
ng t. Gm 2 tr n, mi tr n gm: 1 n xanh, 1 n , 1 n
vng, 1 n xanh i b, 1 n i b.

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

Hnh 18. M hnh tng qut

2.2 M hnh thit k

Hnh 19. M hnh thit k trn Proteus

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

M hnh thit k thc t

2.3 S khi

Hnh 20. S khi

2.4 S gii thut

- Bng trng thi:

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

- Lc trng thi:

01
001 010

01 10

100

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

2.5 S ASM

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2.6 Control Unit

Hnh 21. Control Unit

IV. TNG KT
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gip chng em hon thnh ti
ny.
Qua ti ny gip chng em hiu su v r hn cu to v hot ng ca
board Arduino v gip chng em c nhiu kinh nghim thc t th v.
Kt thc ti, chng em c nhng kt qu nht nh nh sau:
- Thit k c mch iu khin giao thng cho mt ng t.
- M phng c 90% mch tht trn Proteus.
- Mch c bn chy ng cc yu cu thit k v n nh.

Tuy nhin, do kinh nghim cn yu km v ln u tin tip xc vi board

Arduino nn kt qu cn hn ch. Nhm mong rng thy s gp thm
nhm hon thin tt hn ti ny.

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Thit k, m phng s dng Arduino iu khin n giao thng

V. TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Ti liu hc Lp trnh Arduino ti http://arduino.vn/
2. Thng t v tn hiu n iu khin giao thng ti
http://thuvienphapluat.vn/archive/Thong-tu/Thong-tu-915-C57-P5-den-tin-
hieu-dieu-khien-giao-thong-vb43827t23.aspx

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