Energy Efficiency Trends in The Romanian Building Construction Industry

COST C25 SUSTAINABILITY OF CONSTRUCTIONS: INTEGRATED
APPROACH TO LIFE-TIME STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
ENERGY EFFICIENCY TRENDS IN THE ROMANIAN

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Lecturer Ph. D. Eng. Daniel DAN 1

Professor Ph. D. Eng. Valeriu STOIAN 1
Assistant Professor Ph. D. Eng. Tamas NAGY GYORGY 1
Ph. D. Candidate Eng. Cosmin DAESCU 1
Ph. D. Candidate Eng. Dan DIACONU 1
Ph. D. Candidate Eng. Istvan DEMETER 1
Ph. D. Candidate Eng. Codrut FLORUT 1
1 Politehnica University Of Timisoara, Romania
WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ROMANIAN CODES AND PROVISIONS
1973 - 1983
MAIN 1983 - 1997

PERIODS
1997 - 2006

ROMANIAN CODES AND PROVISIONS

1973 - 1983
STAS 6472 2 73 Building Physics. HYGROTHERMICS. External climatic parameters.
STAS 6472 3 83 Building Physics. THERMOTECHNICS. Thermotechnic calculus of
building structural elements.
STAS 6472 4 81 Building Physics. HEAT ENGINEERINGS. Response of structural
elements to water vapour diffusion. Calculation specifications.
STAS 6472 5 73 Building Physics. HYGROTERMICS. Designing and implementation
principles for ventilated roofing.
STAS 6472 6 74 Building Physics. Thermotechnic design of structural elements with
thermal bridges.
STAS 6472 7 75 Building Physics. Thermotechnics. Calculus of air permeability of
building materials and components.
STAS 6472 10 81 Building Physics. Thermotechnics. Thermal transfer at floor contact.
Classification and determination method.

ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS

1983 - 1997
STAS 6472 2 83 Building Physics. HYGROTHERMICS. External climatic parameters.
STAS 6472 3 89 Building Physics. THERMOTECHNICS. Thermotechnics calculus of
building structural elements.
STAS 6472 4 89 Building Physics. HEAT ENGINEERINGS. Response of structural
elements to water vapour diffusion. Calculation specifications.
STAS 6472 6 88 Building Physics. Thermotechnic design of structural elements with
thermal bridges.
STAS 6472 7 85 Building Physics. Thermotechnics. Calculus of air permeability of
STAS 6472 10 85 Building Physics. Thermotechnics. Thermal transfer at floor contact.
Classification and determination method.
STAS 6472 11 85 Building Physics. Thermotechnics. Determination of air permeability of

R

DESIGN OF THERMAL RESISTANCE FOR EXTERIOR

ELEMENTS UNTIL 1989
R0 = Ri + R + Re
Ro Total resistance to heat flow [m2K/W];
Ri Resistance to heat flow at interior surface [m2K/W];
Re Resistance to heat flow at exterior surface [m2K/W];
R - Resistance to heat flow for exterior element [m2K/W]

DESIGN OF THERMAL RESISTANCE FOR EXTERIOR

ELEMENTS UNTIL 1989
R0
R oc = R 0 nec
m
Ro Total resistance to heat flow [m2K/W];
Roc Total resistance to heat flow taking into account the massiveness of material [m2K/W];
m massiveness coefficient in function of the material inertia;
Ro nec - Minimum resistance to heat flow [m2K/W].

VERIFICATION OF CONDENSE APPEARANCE ON THE INTERIOR SURFACE
Tsi > r
Tsi Temperature of interior surface [C];
r Temperature of dew point [C].
VERIFICATION OF CONDENSE INTO THE EXTERIOR ELEMENT

m w mv 0
mw Mass of water condensed during the cold period of the year;
mv Mass of water evaporated during the hot period of the year.
Wef Wallowed
Wef Mass of water percentage condensed during the cold period of the year;
Wallowed Mass of water percentage allowed.

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE

PERIODE CODE Rmin [m2K/W] R [m2K/W]
Exterior Flat Floors over Exterior Flat roof Floors over
walls roof basement walls basement
1950 1961 - - - - - - -
1962 1968 STAS 6472 61 0.76 0.96 0.82 - - -
1969 1973 STAS 6472 68 0.80 1.02 0.87 0.60 - -
1974 1975 STAS 6472/3 73 0.80 1.02 0.87 0.60 - -
1976 1984 STAS 6472/3 75 0.80 1.02 0.87 0.60 - -
1985 1987 STAS 6472/3 84 0.76 0.87 0.56 0.76 0.87 0.56
NP 15 - 84 1.20 1.55 1.08 1.20 1.55 1.08

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE

PERIODE CODE Rmin [m2K/W] R [m2K/W]
Exterior Flat roof Floors over Exterior Flat Floors over

walls basement walls roof basement
1988 1989 STAS 6472/3 84 0.76 0.87 0.56 0.76 0.87 0.56
NP 15 87 1.20 1.55 1.08 1.20 1.55 1.08
1990 1997 STAS 6472/3 89 1.00 1.24 0.67 1.00 1.24 0.67
1998 2000 C107/3 1997 - - - 1.09 1.46 1.25
C107/1 1997 - - - 1.40 3.00 1.65

TYPES OF EXTERIOR WALLS USED FOR BUILDINGS RESIDENCES UNTIL 1984
A B C D
Autoclaved aerated brick brick with vertical reinforced
concrete masonry hollows concrete
AAC
5 5 5
25 cm 37 cm 30 cm 5 12 9
27 cm
E F G
reinforced reinforced
AAC concrete
concrete
reinforced
concrete
mineral AAC
wool
5 5 5 5
6 8 12 30 cm 5 12 12
27 cm 30 cm

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE VALUES FOR

EXTERIOR WALLS UNTIL 1984
Exterior wall type A B C D E F G
Thermal resistance R0,ef [m2K/W] 0.68 0.57 0.54 0.57 0.97 0.93 0.67
Ratio R0,ef / R0,nec 0.57 0.48 0.45 0.48 0.81 0.77 0.56

TYPES OF EXTERIOR WALLS USED FOR BUILDINGS RESIDENCES AFTER 1984
a b c
reinforced
AAC concrete
masonry AAC
brick mineral
masonry wool
AAC
5 5
35 cm 15 30 2 8 7 12
45 cm 30 cm
d e f
reinforced AAC
concrete
AAC reinforced
masonry mineral concrete
wool
45 cm 7 8 12 20 15
27 cm 35 cm

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE VALUES FOR

EXTERIOR WALLS AFTER 1984
Exterior wall type A B C D E F
Thermal resistance R0,ef [m2K/W] 1.84 1.38 1.63 2.43 1.56 1.61
Ratio R0,ef / R0,nec 1.53 1.15 1.35 2.02 1.30 1.34

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE COMPARISON
ELEMENT Rm[m2K/W]
UNTIL 01. 01. 1998 AFTER 01. 01. 1998 /
RECOMMENDED
Exterior walls (except windows and doors) 1.20 1.40 / 2.00
Exterior windows and doors 0.40 0.50

Flat roof 2.00 3.00
Floors over cellars and unheated basement building 1.10 1.65
Ground floor 3.00 4.50
Ground floor for basement buildings 4.20 4.80
Exterior walls for heated basement 2.00 2.40

ENERGETIC CONSUMPTION FOR ONE FLAT FROM

RESIDENCIAL BUILDING (1970 - 1985)
Lighting, 14%
Lighting
Gas, 10%
Gas
Heating, 55% Hot water
Hot water,
Heating
21%

RESIDENCES EXAMPLES IN TIMISOARA

RESIDENCES EXAMPLES IN TIMISOARA

ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS 1997 - 2006

No. CODE STANDARD
1. C107/0 - 2002 Romanian standard for the design and execution of the thermal
insulations for buildings
2. C107/1 - 1997 Romanian standard for the calculus of the global thermal
insulation coefficients for the civil residences
3. C107/2 - 1997 Romanian standard for the calculus of the global thermal
insulation coefficient for buildings other that civil residences
4. C107/3 - 1997 Romanian standard for the thermo - technical calculus for the
construction elements in buildings
5. C107/4 - 1997 Guide for the thermo-technical performances for the civil
residences
6. C107/5 - 1997 Romanian standard for the thermo - technical calculus for the
construction elements in contact with the soil


No. CODE STANDARD
7. C107/6 - 2002 Romanian standard for the calculus of the mass
(humidity) transfer through construction elements
8. C107/7 - 2002 Romanian standard for the design of the thermal stability
of the sealing elements for buildings
9. NP 048- 2000 Romanian standard for the thermal and energetic
expertise for the existing buildings and for the
preparation for the hot water necessary for these
buildings
10. NP 047- 2000 Romanian standard for the thermal and energetic audit
for the existing buildings and for the preparation for the
hot water necessary for these buildings
11. NP 049- 2000 Romanian standard for the elaboration and assignment
of the energetic certificate for the existing buildings
12. GP 058 - 2000 Guide for the optimization of the level of protection for
the residential buildings


No. CODE STANDARD
13. GP 015 - 2000 Guide regarding the expertise and the improvement of the
thermal and sound protection for small residential buildings
14. SR ISO 7730 Medium Thermal environments. Determination of the PMV
and PPD indices and determination of the conditions for the
thermal comfort
15. GT 037- 2002 Guide for the elaboration and assignment of the energetic
certificate for the existing buildings
16. GT 036- 2002 Guide for the thermal and energetic audit for the existing
buildings and for the preparation for the hot water necessary
for these buildings
17. GT 040- 2002 Guide for establishing the level of thermal insulation for the
construction elements for existing buildings, in order to
establish their thermal rehabilitation
18. MP 022- 2002 Methodology for the evaluation of the thermal performances
of the materials and products used in constructions

No. CODE STANDARD

19. GT 043- 2002 Guide for the improvement of the thermal insulation
capabilities of the windows in existing buildings
20. NP 064- 2002 Romanian standard for the attic design in civil residences
21. GT 039- 2002 Guide for the evaluation for the level in hydro-thermal comfort
in existing buildings
22. GT 038- 2002 Guide for the determination of the performance level of the hot
water installations in buildings
23. SC 007- 2002 General solutions for the hydro-thermal rehabilitation of
existing buildings
24. NP 060- 2002 Romanian standard for the hydro-thermal rehabilitation of
existing buildings

EUROPEAN PRESCRIPTION CODES
EN ISO 13789 Thermal performance of buildings

Transmission heat loss coefficient Calculation method.
EN ISO 7345 Thermal insulation Physical quantities and

definitions.
NEW ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS - REVISED
C 107 .... /2006 Romanian standard for the calculus of the global
thermal insulation coefficients for the civil residences

ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS

1997 - 2006
ROMANIAN CODES
30
24
25
20
15
10
10
7
5
0
1973 - 1983 1983 - 1997 1997 - 2006

RESIDENCE BUILDING GROUND FLOOR + 4 STOREY 20 flats
reinforced
Exterior wall type Pre-cast Panels 27 cm concrete
- Reinforced Concrete
- Autoclaved Aerated Concrete AAC
- Reinforced Concrete
5 5
5 12 9
Exterior Windows Coupled double windows
Exterior Doors Simple window pane

HORIZONTAL SECTION
1
90 85 75 1.30 2.40 1.03 60 43 1.20 74 1.60 74 1.20 43 60 1.03 2.40 1.30 75 85 90

2.10 1.20 1.20 60 1.20 60 1.20 60 1.20 1.20 2.10
5
13
C Logia Logia
27
27
27
27
s=3.28 mp s=3.28 mp
hp=90 hp=90 hp=90 hp=90 h p=90 hp=90 hp=90
1.20
1.20
5 5
27 2.73 27 3.46 14 1.28 5 7
5
1.50 14 2.26 14 1.50 7 1.28 14 3.46 27 2.73 27
80 25
2.10
27
27
10
10
hp=90 hp=90
2.75
2.75
2.10
2.10
80
80
Baia Bucataria Bucataria Baia
s=4.12 mp s=4.57 mp s=4.57 mp s=4.12 mp
4.87
4.66
4.66
Dormitor
s=9.90 mp
3.46
3.46
Dormitor Camera de zi Camera de zi
s=9.90 mp s=16.07 mp s=16.07 mp
76
76
80 1.26 80 80 1.26 80
2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10
2.10
2.10
90
90
1.15
1.15
Hol Hol
2.10
90
90
2.10
s=3.47 mp s=3.47 mp
10 24 20
10 24 20
10 10
10 10
10.00
B
14
14
14
14
14
14
Hol Hol
s=4.73 mp s=4.73 mp
2.10
2.10
1.15
1.15
90
90
2.10
2.10
90
90
80 1.26 80 80 1.26 80
2 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2
Dormitor Camera de zi Dormitor

s=16.07 mp Camera de zi
s=9.90 mp s=9.90 mp
76
76
s=16.07 mp
3.46
3.46
5 5
27 2.86 14 3.46 14 1.28 7 1.50 14 2.26 14 1.50 75 1.28 5 14 3.46 14 2.86 27
4.66
4.87
Baia Baia
s=4.12 mp s=4.12 mp
2.10
2.10
80
80
4.66
38 1.50
Bucataria
2.75
2.75
h p=90 2.10 hp=90
s=4.57 mp
10
10
Bucataria
27
27
s=4.57 mp
Logia Logia
1.20
1.20
s=3.28 mp s=3.28 mp
hp=90 hp=90 hp=90 hp=90 hp=90 hp=90
A
27
27
27
27
5
13
90 85 75 1.30 2.40 1.03 60 43 1.20 75 1.60 74 1.20 43 60 1.03 2.40 1.30 75 85 90

2.10 1.20 1.20 60 1.20 2.10 1.20 60 1.20 1.20 2.10
5 5 5 5
13 3.06 3.60 3.00 2.40 3.00 3.60 3.07 13
21.92
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1

Calculus of thermal resistance and global coefficient of thermal insulation
No. Element A Rm Rmin A G GN
R 'm
[m2] [m2K/W] [m2K/W] - [W/K] [W/m3K]
1. Exterior walls 554.37 0.64 1.40 1.00 866.20 0.66 0.57
2. Exterior windows and doors 148.50 0.40 0.50 1.00 371.25
3. Flat roof 189.54 2.08 3.00 1.00 91.125
4. Ground floor 189.54 2.94 4.5 0.43 27.720
TOTAL 1081.95 1356.30
The conditions imposed by C 107/3-97

R`m R`min
and
GGN
are not satisfied!
Thermal rehabilitation of one student's hostel Politehnica University of Timisoara
NORTH WEST - FACADE
SOUTH EST - FACADE

NORTH WEST INTERIOR VIEW OF WALLS
MOULDINESS WALLS


Thermal rehabilitation
of exterior wall New window
plastic framing
SW Facade
New polystyrene layer



THE ENERGETIC CERTIFICATE

HEATING PERFORMANCE SYSTEM
A B C D E E F G H I J
80 121 166 217 277 347 433 544 700
KWh/m2year


HOT WATER CONSUMPTION
A B C D E F
F G H I J
25 43 63 86 112 143 182 231 300
KWh/m2year


TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
HEATING CONSUMPTION +
HOT WATER CONSUMPTION
A B C D E F G H I J
105 164 229 303 389 490 615 775 1000
KWh/m2year


HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING
A
E E
LOW ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING

New Shopping Centre IULIUS MALL Timisoara

BUILT IN SCHEDULED
TIME 16 MONTHS
- 72. 000 m2
- 3 STOREY
- > 220 SHOPS
- SWIMMING POOL
- MULTIPLEX CINEMA
- KIDS LAND
- ~ 3.000 t reinforcements and structural steel - FOOD COURT
- ~ 80.000 m3 concrete
- 13.847 m2 mineral wool 5 cm thickness + sandwich panels 6 cm
- 18.500 m2 polystyrene 10 cm thickness
- 4.200 m2 coupled double windows and doors

CORP D
CORP E
CORP C
CORP N



Terrace hydro
and thermal
protection
Exterior wall
termal
protection
system


THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

Energy Efficiency Trends in The Romanian Building Construction Industry

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COST C25 SUSTAINABILITY OF CONSTRUCTIONS: INTEGRATED

APPROACH TO LIFE-TIME STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

ENERGY EFFICIENCY TRENDS IN THE ROMANIAN

Lecturer Ph. D. Eng. Daniel DAN 1

1 Politehnica University Of Timisoara, Romania

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ROMANIAN CODES AND PROVISIONS

MAIN 1983 - 1997

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ROMANIAN CODES AND PROVISIONS

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

COST C25 SUSTAINABILITY OF CONSTRUCTIONS: INTEGRATED

DESIGN OF THERMAL RESISTANCE FOR EXTERIOR

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

DESIGN OF THERMAL RESISTANCE FOR EXTERIOR

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

VERIFICATION OF CONDENSE APPEARANCE ON THE INTERIOR SURFACE

VERIFICATION OF CONDENSE INTO THE EXTERIOR ELEMENT

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE

1962 1968 STAS 6472 61 0.76 0.96 0.82 - - -

1969 1973 STAS 6472 68 0.80 1.02 0.87 0.60 - -

1974 1975 STAS 6472/3 73 0.80 1.02 0.87 0.60 - -

1976 1984 STAS 6472/3 75 0.80 1.02 0.87 0.60 - -

NP 15 - 84 1.20 1.55 1.08 1.20 1.55 1.08

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE

Exterior Flat roof Floors over Exterior Flat Floors over

NP 15 87 1.20 1.55 1.08 1.20 1.55 1.08

1998 2000 C107/3 1997 - - - 1.09 1.46 1.25

C107/1 1997 - - - 1.40 3.00 1.65

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

TYPES OF EXTERIOR WALLS USED FOR BUILDINGS RESIDENCES UNTIL 1984

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE VALUES FOR

Exterior wall type A B C D E F G

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

TYPES OF EXTERIOR WALLS USED FOR BUILDINGS RESIDENCES AFTER 1984

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE VALUES FOR

Exterior wall type A B C D E F

Ratio R0,ef / R0,nec 1.53 1.15 1.35 2.02 1.30 1.34

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

THERMAL TRANSFER RESISTANCE COMPARISON

Exterior walls (except windows and doors) 1.20 1.40 / 2.00

Exterior windows and doors 0.40 0.50

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ENERGETIC CONSUMPTION FOR ONE FLAT FROM

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

RESIDENCES EXAMPLES IN TIMISOARA

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

RESIDENCES EXAMPLES IN TIMISOARA

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS 1997 - 2006

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS 1997 - 2006

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS 1997 - 2006

WG 2 WP 6 -Improvement of the global performance of constructions

ROMANIAN CODES AND PREVISIONS 1997 - 2006