Tit chng trnh : 38.

Ngy son :
Ngy dy :
CHNG III. PHNG PHP TA TRONG MT PHNG
3. PHNG TRNH NG ELIP (1/1)
I. MC TIU:
Kin thc:
Bit nh ngha Elip.
Bit phng trnh chnh tc, hnh dng ca Elip.
K nng:
x2 y2
T phng trnh chnh tc ca Elip: 2 + 2 = 1 (a > b > 0) xc nh c di trc ln,
a b
trc nh, tiu c, tm sai ca Elip; xc nh c ta cc tiu im, giao im ca Elip
vi cc trc ta .
Vit c phng trnh chnh tc ca Elip khi cho cc yu t xc nh Elip .
Thi :
Rn luyn tnh cn thn, chnh xc.
II. CHUN B:
Gio vin: Gio n. Hnh v minh ha.
Hc sinh: SGK, v ghi. Tm ba cng, 2 inh ghim, si dy.
III. HOT NG DY HC:
1. n nh lp, kim tra s s lp, khi ng tit hc.
2. Kim tra bi c: (5')
H. Vit cc dng phng trnh ng trn?
Nu phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn ti mt im thuc ng trn? .
3. Ging bi mi:
TL Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh Ni dung
Hot ng 1: Tm hiu ng Elip
GV cho HS quan st: HS quan st v cho nhn xt. I. nh ngha ng Elip
6' Mt nc trong cc nc Cho 2 im c nh F1, F2 v
cm nghing. mt di khng i 2a ln
Bng ca mt ng trn 1. Khng. hn F1F2.
trn mt mt phng. M (E) F1M + F2M = 2a.
H1. Cc hnh trn c phi l F1, F2: tiu im;
ng trn khng? F1F2 = 2c: tiu c.
GV cho HS thc hin thao
tc v ng Elip trn tm
ba.
Hot ng 2: Tm hiu phng trnh chnh tc ca Elip
GV gii thiu phng trnh II. Phng trnh chnh tc
9' chnh tc ca Elip. ca Elip
x2 y2
H1. Xc nh ta cc 1. B1(0; b); B2(0; b). + = 1 (b2 = a2 c2).
2 2
im B1, B2? a b
2. B2F1 = B2F2 = b2 + c2 . (a > b > 0)
H2. Tnh B2F1, B2F2?
3. B2F1 + B2F2 = 2a.
H3. Tnh B2F1 + B2F2?
2 b2 + c2 = 2a b2 = a2 c2.

Hot ng 3: Tm hiu hnh dng ca Elip

GV hng dn HS nhn III. Hnh dng ca Elip
10' xt. x2 y2
Cho (E): + = 1 (*).
a2 b2
 H1. Cho M(x; y) (E). Cc 1. C, v ta u tha mn (E) c cc trc i xng l
im M1(x; y), M2(x; y), (*). Ox, Oy; c tm i xng l O.
M3(x; y) c thuc (E) Cc nh
khng? A1(a; 0), A2(a; 0),
H2. Tm ta cc giao 2. B1(0; b), B2(0; b).
y = 0 x = a (E) ct Ox ti A1A2 = 2a : trc ln;
im ca (E) ci cc trc ta
? 2 im A1(a; 0), A2(a; 0). B1B2 = 2b : trc nh.
x = 0 y = b (E) ct Oy ti
2 im B1(0; b), B2(0; b).
H3. So snh a v b? 3. a > b. x2 y2
H4. T phng trnh chnh 4. a2 = 9, b2 = 1. V d: Cho (E): + = 1.
2 2
tc ca (E), ch ra a , b ? 9 1
c2 = 8.
Tm di cc trc, tiu c,
a = 3, b = 1, c = 2 2 . ta cc tiu im, ta cc
di trc ln: 2a = 6; nh ca (E).
di trc nh: 2b = 2.
Tiu c: 2c = 4 2 .
Ta cc tiu im:
F1,2(2 2 ; 0).
Ta cc nh:
A1;2(3; 0), B1,2(0; 1).
Hot ng 4: Tm hiu mi lin h gia ng trn v ng Elip
GV hng dn HS nhn IV. Lin h gia ng trn
10' xt. v ng Elip
T b2 = a2 c2 c cng nh
th b cng gn bng a (E) c
dng gn nh ng trn.
Cho ng trn (C):
x2 + y2 = a2.
Xt php bin i:
M(x; y) M(x; y)
M(x; y) (C) x2 + y2 = a2 x' = x

2 vi: b (0 < b < a).
a y' = y
x 2 + y' = a2 a
2
b
2 2 x'2 y'2
x' y' Khi , + = 1 l (E).
+ = 1 M (E). a 2
b2
a2 b2 Ta ni (C) co thnh (E).
Hot ng 5: Cng c
Nhn mnh: Cu hi: Xc nh cc yu t Ch :
3' Phng trnh chnh tc ca ca (E): + a, b > 0.
Elip. 2
x y 2 2
x y 2 + Ta nh v tiu im.
Cc yu t ca (E). a) + = 1; b) + = 1. a) a = 6 ; b = 2 ; c = 2.
6 2 18 8
Mi lin h gia ng
b) a = 3 2 ; b = 2 2 ; c = 10 .
trn v Elip.

4. BI TP V NH:
Bi tp 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SGK (GV hng dn, dn d).
c bi c thm Ba ng cnic v qu o ca tu v tr.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM, B SUNG:
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 Tit chng trnh : 39.
Ngy son :
Ngy dy :

CHNG III. PHNG PHP TA TRONG MT PHNG

CU HI V BI TP (1/1)
(3. Phng trnh ng Elip)

I. MC TIU:
Kin thc: Cng c:
nh ngha Elip.
Phng trnh chnh tc, hnh dng ca Elip.
K nng:
x2 y2
T phng trnh chnh tc ca Elip: 2 + 2 = 1 (a > b > 0) xc nh c di trc ln,
a b
trc nh, tiu c, tm sai ca Elip; xc nh c ta cc tiu im, giao im ca Elip
vi cc trc ta .
Vit c phng trnh chnh tc ca Elip khi cho cc yu t xc nh Elip .
Thi :
Rn luyn tnh cn thn, chnh xc.
II. CHUN B:
Gio vin: Gio n. H thng bi tp.
Hc sinh: SGK, v ghi. n tp cc kin thc hc v ng Elip.
III. HOT NG DY HC:
1. n nh lp, kim tra s s lp, khi ng tit hc.
2. Kim tra bi c: (Trong qu trnh luyn tp)
H. (Mt s cu hi trong cc hot ng). .
3. Ging bi mi:
TL Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh Ni dung
Hot ng 1: Luyn tp xc nh cc yu t ca Elip
H1. Xc nh a, b, c? 1. 1. Xc nh di cc trc,
10' a) a = 5, b = 3, c = 4. tiu c, ta cc tiu im,
ta cc nh ca Elip (E):
2 2
x y x2 y2
+ =1 a) + = 1;
b) 4x2 + 9y2 = 1 1 1 . 25 9
4 9
1 1 b) 4x2 + 9y2 = 1;
5
a= ,b= ,c= .
2 3 6
x2 y2 c) 4x2 + 9y2 = 36.
c) 4x2 + 9y2 = 36 + = 1.
9 4
a = 3, b = 2, c = 5 .
Hot ng 2: Luyn tp lp phng trnh chnh tc ca Elip
H1. Nu cc yu t cn xc 1. a, b. 2. Lp phng trnh chnh tc
20' nh? a) a = 4, b = 3. ca Elip (E) trong cc trng
2
x y 2 hp sau:
(E): + = 1. a) di trc ln l 8, di
16 9
trc nh l 6.
b) a = 5, b = 4.
x2 y2 b) di trc ln l 10, tiu c
(E): + = 1.
25 16 l 6.
 9 c) (E) i qua cc im M(0; 3)
c) M(0; 3) (E) = 1. 12
b2 v N 3; .
12 5
N3; (E)
5
9 144
2+ = 1.
a 25b2
a = 5, b = 3.
x2 y2
(E): + = 1.
25 9
d) F1( 3 ; 0) c = 3 . d) (E) c 1 tiu im l F1(
3 3 ; 0) v i qua im M
M1; (E)
2 3
1;
.
1 3 2
2 + 2 = 1.
a 4b
a = 2, b= 1.
x2 y2
+ = 1. (E):
4 1
Hot ng 3: Luyn tp gii ton lin quan n Elip
GV hng dn gip HS 3. Cho 2 ng trn C1(F1; R1)
10' gii quyt vn . v C2(F2; R2). (C1) nm trong
(C2) v F1 F2. ng trn (C)
thay i lun tip xc ngoi
vi (C1) v tip xc trong vi
(C2). Hy chng t rng tm M
ca (C) di ng trn mt Elip.

H1. Tnh MF1, MF2? 1. MF1 = R1 + R;

MF2 = R2 R.
H2. Tnh MF1 + MF2? 2. MF1 + MF2 = R1 + R2.
M thuc Elip (E) c 2 tiu
im l F1, F2 v trc ln 2a =
R1 + R2.
Hot ng 4: Cng c
Nhn mnh:
3' Cch xc nh cc yu t
ca Elip (E).
Cch lp phng trnh
chnh tc ca Elip (E).

4. BI TP V NH:
Bi tp thm SBT, CKT (GV hng dn, dn d).
Bi tp n tp chng III (GV hng dn, dn d).
IV. RT KINH NGHIM, B SUNG:
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