eq

Dr IkkB~
; l kexzh
fgUnh ^v * ( 002) , oa^c* ( 085)
1- fo"k; %LokLF;

i zLr kouk

d{kk uohaesa^LokLF; * fo"k; dsv a

r xZ
r bl eq
Dr i kB~
; l kexzh esat a
d iw
Q
M ds?kkrd i zHkkoksai j
rF; kRed t kudkjh i zLrq
r dh x; h gS
] ft l l sf' k{kkFkhZbl fo"k; i j Kkukt Z
u djdsv i uh ' kS
y h esa
lq
/ kj yk l dsav kS
j l ekt esat a
d iw
Q
M dsf[ kyki Qt kx: drk ykusesal gk; d fl gksl dsa
A

l kj ka
'k

v kt dscPpsdy dk Hkfo"; gS
& bl oDrO; dk Hkkjr dsfy, fo' ks"k ego gS
a ] D; ksa
fd v kt Hkkjr
esafo' o dh rq
y uk esal cl sv f/ d fd' kksj gS
At a
a d iw
Q
M dsi zfr cPpksadsyxko usmudh LokLF;
l EcU/h l eL; kv ksadks , d pq
ukS
r h ds : i esaykdj ns'k ds l keus [ kM+
k dj fn; k gS
A ns'k esa
fpfdRl d] f' k{kkfon] v fHkHkkod l Hkh fpa
frr gS
aD; ksa
fd t a
d iw
Q
M dsl sou l scPpsmu chekfj; ksads
f' kdkj gksjgsgS
at ksv f/ d mezdsyksxksaesagq
v k djrh FkhA fLFkfr dh xa
Hkhjrk dksn' kkZ
usdsfy,
bl v ; ; u l kexzh esarF; kRed t kudkjh i zLrq
r dh t k jgh gS
At a
d iw
Q
M l smRiUu l eL; kv ksai j
v ki v i usfo| ky; esa
] v i usi fjokj esappkZdjsa
A v ki Lo; at a
d iw
Q
M dk mi; ksx ca
n djsav kS
j bl
fn' kk esal q
/ kj ykusdsfy, i z;kl djsa
A

LokLF; d sfy , kgj gSt a

d iw
Q
M

egt 10 l ky dk v uq
j kx u dsoy e/ q
esg t S
l h chekjh dk
f' kdkj gScfYd og n; jksxh Hkh gks pq
d k gS
A v kt ml ds
ekrk&fi rk ml s t cjnLrh O;k; ke dk jkLrk fn[ kk jgs gS
aysfdu
ml dk Fkq
y Fkq
y ' kjhj v c l kFk ughansi k jgk gS
A, slk ughagSfd
og ges'kk l sgh , slk FkkA og Hkh LoLFk Fkk ysfdu ^t a
d iw
Q
M*
dh yyd usml sbl dxkj i j i gq
pk fn; k gS
A gkyka
fd ; g gky

1
fl i Q
Zv uq
j kx dk gh ughagS
] cfYd bl dh pi sV esaosreke cPpsv k jg gS
at kst a
d iw
Q
Ml a
LoQ
fr ds
t ky esai Q
a
l pq
d sgS
A
a

v k/ q
fud jgu&l gu v kS
j nkS
M+
&/ w
i l sHkjh fknxh useuq
"; dst hou esadbZi fjorZ
u fd, gS
A v kt
a
yksxksadsi kl l e; dk v Hkko gS
] bl O;Lr ft a
nxh esal c dq
NiQ
kLV gksx; k gSv kS
j bl h t Ynckt h
useuq
"; dksHkkst u dh , d ubZ' kS
y h dst ky esai Q
l k fn; k gS
a ] ft l si Q
kLV i w
Q
M; kt a
d iw
Q
M dgrs
gS
A l e; dsl kFk i fjorZ
a u gksuk LokHkkfod gS
] ysfdu ; sk: jh ughagSfd gj i fjorZ
u l gh gksA
iQ
kLVi w
Q
M Hkh Hkkst u ' kS
y h esav k; k , slk gh i fjorZ
u gSft l sv PNk drbZughadgk t k l drkA ns'k
dk Hkfo"; & cPpsbl dh fxjr esav kdj v i uk LokLF; [ kksjgsgS
A
a

fpfdRl dksav kS
j i ks"k.k fo' ks"kKksadsv uq
l kj i Q
kLV i w
Q
M [ kkusdsv knh cPps, slh chekfj; ksadsf' kdkj
gksjgsgS
at kscq
<+
ki sdh chekfj; k l e>h t krh gS
A egkuxjksadsLdw
a y ksaesai <+
usokys60 i Q
hl nh cPps
fl i Q
Zi Q
kLV i w
Q
M i j pyrsgS
] cfYd ; g dguk T; knk mfpr gksxk fd mUgsai Q
a kLV i w
Q
M dk pLdk
yxk gq
v k gS
Aurht k cM+
k gh [ kkS
iQ
ukd gS
&iQ
kLV i w
Q
M usv esfjdk esaeksVki sdksegkekjh dsLrj rd
iQ
y k fn; k gS
S A Hkkjr t S
l sfodkl ' khy ns'k esaHkh eksVki sdh l eL; k [ krjukd Lrj rd c<+pq
d h gS
A
fi Nysrhu o"kksesans'k esaeksVscPpksadh l a
[ ; k esa24 i zfr' kr of nt Zdh xbZgS
AorZ
eku esans'k ds
dq
y cPPkksaesal s16 i zfr' kr eksVki sl st w
> jgsgS
a
A ft l rjg l si Q
kLV i w
Q
M dk i zpyu c<+jgk gS
]
ml sns[krsgq
, cPpksadk eksVki k ?kVuk cM+
k eq
f' dy gS
A

fi Nysfnuka
srd pkS
d kusokyh [ kcj esai rk pyk fd eq
a EcbZesa11 o"khZ
; v ukfedk ( cnyk gq
v k uke)
dk eksVki k de djus ds fy, ml dh cS
fj; kW
fVd l t Z
j h djuh i M+
hA ya
cs ba
r kkj ds ckn t Ueh
v ukfedk dksml dsekrk&fi rk usykM&
+I; kj dsuke i j , slsreke [ kk| &i nkFkZf[ kyk, ] ft Ugsat a
d
iw
Q
M dgk t krk gS
A ' kkjhfjd Je ; k [ ksy &dw
n l snw
j jgusokyh og NksVh cPph ?kj l sLdw
y rd
dkj l st krh FkhAurht k ; g gq
v k fd 11 l ky dh mezrd i gq
prs&i gq
prsml dk ot u 96 fdyksxzke
gksx; kALdw
y esacPpsrksml dk et kd cukrsgh Fks] og FkksM+
k&l k pyusi j gh gka
iQusHkh yxrh FkhA
et cw
j u] ml dsekrk&fi rk dksl t Z
j h dk i Q
l yk ysuk i M+
S kA bruh de mezdsfdl h cPpsdh , slh
ltZ
j h dsekeysde gh l q
ukbZnsrsgS
Aysfdu ; sekeysv c c<+
a usyxsgS
Ans'k esagj l ky yxHkx nl
a
gt kj csfj, fVd l t Z
j h gksrh gS
] ft uesanksl spkj i Q
hl nh rd NksVscPps; k fd' kksj gksrsgS
A
a

2
v kt dh nkM
S+
&Hkkx dh fknxh v kS
j v k/ q
fudrk dh gksM+usHkkjr t S
l sfodkl ' khy ns'k esai Q
kLV i w
Q
M
dks/ hjs&/ hjs[ kku&i ku dk va
x cuk fn; k gS
A cPpksav kS
j ;q
okv ksaesai Q
kLV i w
Q
M dsi zfr rsth l syxko
c<+jgk gS
AHkkxrh&nkS
M+
r h fknxh esab/ j&m/ j dq
N Hkh [ kkdj ; q
ok v i uk dke pyk ysrsgS
Avc rd
a
rks; g jksx cM+
suxjksao egkuxjksard gh l hfer Fkk ysfdu / hjs&/ hjs; g NksVsdLcksaesaHkh i jS i l kjus
yxk gS
Axko esanw
/ &ngh [ kkusokys; q
ok v c i Q
kLV i w
Q
M dh fxjr esav k jgsgS
Ai Q
a kLV i w
Q
M o nw
/ ds
iS
d sV bLrseky djusdk i zpyu xko rd i gq
p x; k gS
A bl l sva
nkt k yxk; k t k l drk gSfd ' kq

[ kq
j kd [ kkdj xc: cuusokysxka
o dscPpsv c D; k i gyoku cu i k, x\s xko dsyksx ' kgj dh rt Z
i j v i uk t houp; kZcny jgsgS
Axkoksaesat xg&t xg i Q
a kLV&i w
Q
M dh jsgfM+
; k fn[ kkbZnsrh gS
A
a

l e; &l e; i j gq
, fofHkUu v ; ; uksaesat a
d iw
Q
M l sl a
ca
f/ r cgq
r l kjsrF; i zd k' k esav k, gS
&
a

fp=k 1%fofHkUu t a
d iQ
M uew
w uksaesadq
y ol k dh ek=kk ( xzk- i zfr 100 xzke)

fo' o LokLF; l a
xBu ( MCy; -w
, p-v ks-) dsv uq
l kj , d o; Ld i q
#"k 2-6 xzke Vka
l iQ
V gj fnu]
S
t cfd , d o; Ld efgyk 2-1 xzke v kS
j , d cPpk ( 10&12 l ky dk) 2-3 xzke Vka
l iQ
V xzg.k dj
S
l drk gS
A, d cPpk t kscgq
r yksd fi z; i Q
kLV i w
Q
M ( cxZ
j ] fpIl v kS
j l kW
V fMa
d ) [ kkrk gS
] og jkst
dsVka
l iQ
V
S va
r xZ
g.k dk 90 bLrseky dj ysrk gS
A ysfdu ; g v a
r xZ
zg.k dh cM+
h [ kq
j kd mRiknd
ds}kjk l koZ
t fud : i l si zd V ughadh t krh gS
A l sa
Vj i Q
kW
j l kba
l ,a
M , uok; jesa
V ( l h-l h-b-Z) ds
ta
d iw
Q
M v kS
j [ kk| i nkFkksl a
ca
/ h , d v ; ; u esa; g [ kq
y kl k fd; k x; k gSfd vf/ drj t a
d iw
Q
M

3
esaVka
l iQ
V
Sl~ ( t ek gq
v k ol k) ] ued v kS
j phuh dk Lrj cgq
r T; knk gksrk gS
] t ksv fuok; Z: i l s
[ kjkc LokLF; el yu eksVki k] e/ q
esg t S
l h chekfj; ksadkst Ue nsrk gS
A ge l Hkh t kursgS
afd t a
d
iw
Q
M dki Q
h uq
d l kunsg gksrk gSv kS
j fi Q
j Hkh ge bl s[ kkrsgS
Aysfdu D; k ge t kursgS
a afd bl l sgksus
okysuq
d l ku D; k gS
a
\ D; k geusdHkh bl dh t ka
p dh gSfd ge D; k [ kk jgsgS
a; k fpIl v kS
j
uw
MYl dsi d
SsV dksysd j t ksnkosfd; st k jgsgS
amuesafdruh l PpkbZgS
\

bULVS
V ( rq
a ja
r i dusokyk) v kS
j iS
DM uw
MYl v kt l cl svf/ d i a
l n fd, t krsgS
] ysfdu buesaekS
a tw
n
dbZgkfudkjd rRo chekfj; ksadksU;kS
r k nsl drsgS
A l kSxzke uw
a MYl esa138 dS
y ksjh gksrh gS
] t ksi Q
V
S
c<+
kus v kS
j n; jksxksadsfy, ft Eesnkj gS
A
a bl esaekS
tw
n eS
nk v ka
r ksads fy, gkfudkjd gS
A da
; w
ej
,t q
d s'ku , a
M fjl pZl a
sVj }kjk fd, x, nq
fu; k ds15 i zeq
[ k czka
M~
l dsuw
MYl dsv; ; u esai k; k x; k
gSfd buesai kS
f"Vd rRo u dscjkcj gksrsgS
AbuesaLohoQ
a r ek=kk l svf/ d ued v kS
j iQ
kbcj dh csgn
de ek=kk i kbZxbZgS
Abl l sCyM i zs'kj v kS
j fny dsjksxksadk t ksf[ ke vf/ d c<+t krk gS
A

jk"Vh; i ks"k.k l a
LFkku dsv uq
l kj] , d O;fDr dsfy, , d fnu esa6 xzke ued k: jh gS
] t cfd
fo' o LokLF; l a
xBu dseq
r kfcd 5 xzkeA 80 xzke ds, d l kekU; uw
MYl dsi S
d sV esa3-5 xzke l s
v f/ d ued ekS
tw
n gksrk gS
A, d uw
MYl i S
d sV dksgt e djusdk eryc v ki ds' kjhj esayxHkx 60
i zfr' kr ued dk i zos'k gksx; kA

fp=k&2 %fofHkUu t a
d iw
Q
M dsuew
uksaesadq
y ued dh ek=kk ( xzk- i zfr 100 xzk-)

4
iQ
kLV i w
Q
M esai ks"kd rRoksadk v Hkko jgrk gSv kS
j ; sLokLF; dh nf"V l sgkfudkjd gksrsgS
A buesa
a
ued , oai fjj{kd (fi zkjosfVo) dh ek=kk v f/ d gksrh gS
A bl esabLrseky dh xbZ[ kk| l kxzeh v kS
j
cukusdh fof/ nksuksagh LokLF; dsfy, mfpr ughadgh t k l drhA bu [ kkuksaesaouLi fr ?kh dk
i z;ksx gksrk gS
] dS
y ksjht dh cgq
r k; r dsdkj.k ; seksVki k c<+
krsgS
A bul s[ kw
a u esadksy sLVksy dh ek=kk
c<+t krh gSv kS
j O;fDr e/ q
esg] CyM i zs'kj] n; jksx] , l hfMVh] dCt v kS
j v U; i sV dh chekfj; ksa
dk f' kdkj gkst krsgS
AcxZ
a j ] fi kk eS
nsl scusgksrsgS
] t ksdS
a y ksjhk rksT; knk nsrsgS
av kS
j v kl kuh l s
u i pusdsdkj.k dCt djrsgS
ao chekfj; k c<+
krsgS
a
A

fp=k&3 %fofHkUu t a
d iw
Q
M dsuew
uksaesaVa
kl i Q
sV dh ek=kk ( xzk- i zfr 100 xzk-)

dq
Nta
d iw
Q
M da
i fu; ka; g nkok djrh gS
afd muds}kjk i jkslst k jgsi w
Q
M esa' kw
U; Vka
l iQ
V gS
S AdksbZ
a
; g nkok ughadjrk fd bl i w
Q
M esafdruk Va
kl i Q
V gS
S A

dkcksZ
usV i s; esal ksMk] dS
iQ
hu v kS
j iQ
kL
WiQ
ksjl gkrssgS
a
A budsdkj.k ' kjhj esadS
fY' k; e dh i w
j h ek=kk
dk l ekos'k ughagksi krk v kS
j gfM~
M; k dekksj gksusyxrh gS
Ai Q
a kLV i Q
M dsl kFk ysusl s; seksVki k]
w
dCk v kfn dksc<+
k nsrsgS
A Hkkjr esai zfl fi Q
a Ye v fHkusrk&v fHkusf=k; ksadksbu dksYM fMD
a
l ds

5
foKki uksadsfy, cq
y ; k t krk gS
] ft ul scPpsmul sv kS
j v f/ d i zHkkfor gksrsgS
A v kywfpIl dk
a
i zpyu Hkh cgq
r c<+x; k gS
A buesagesadksbZ[ kjkch ughafn[ kkbZnsrh] i jUrqbudscuusdh fof/ Hkh
[ krjukd gS
A400 fMxzh l sfYl ; l dh rst v ka
p i j ryst kusdsdkj.k v kywdsol k v Ey v i ?kfVr
gkst krsgS
av kS
j urht k [ kw
u dh / efu; ksadh ypd [ kRe gkst krh gSv kS
j jDrpki c<+t krk gS
A
t xg&t xg fcdusokyk pkmQ
ehu cPpksadkscsgn i l a
n gS
] bl esav t hukseksVksMkyk t krk gSt ksbl s
[ kkl Lokn nsrk gS
A bl dsckjsesapsrkouh nh t k pq
d h gS; fn bl sjksd k u x; k rks/ w
eziku l sHkh
v f/ d uq
d l ku gksxkA

v t hukseksVksfnekxh dksf' kdkv ksadksi ui usughansrk v kS

j dS
l j Hkh dj l drk gS
a A bl dsv kl kj ut j
v kus esal kr&l kB l ky yx t krs gS
A dbZcPps vt hukseksVks ds ds i zfr l a
a osnu' khy gksrs gS
] muesa
a
fl jnnZ
] >u>ukgV] det ksjh] i sV nnZv kfn y{k.k i k, t krsgS
A
a

c<+
r scPpka
sdksjkst kuk rdjhcu 150 dS
y ksjh dh k: jr gS
] ft l dk v k/ k dkcksZ
gkbVsM] 20 i Q
hl nh
ol k v kS
j 30 i Q
hl nh i zksVhu dk gksuk pkfg, Aysfdu ckt kj esai Q
kLV i w
Q
M dsuke i j t kspht sal gt
miyC/ gS
] muesa' kdZ
a j k v kS
j ol k rksgksrh gS
] ysfdu i zksVhu yxHkx unkjn gksrk gS
A, d fi kk dsnks
Lykbl ksaesa800 dS
y ksjh rFkk i Q
V o l ksfM; e gksrk gS
S A, d cM+
scxZ
j esa1600 dS
y ksjh gksrh gSt cfd
, d l kekU; O;fDr dsfy, bl dh v k/ h ek=kk esadS
y kjh Hkh i ; kZ
Ir gS
Av f/ d dS
a y ksjh okysi nkFkksl s
O;fDr esaol k dh ek=kk c<+t krh gSv kS
j og v fr&i ks"k.k dk f' kdkj gkst krk gS
A bl l sO;fDr dh
' kkjhfjd {kerk de gkst krh gS
A ml esaf' kfFkyrk o v kyL; v k t krk gS
A fo' ks"kKksadsv uq
l kj mfpr
dS
y ksjh dsi nkFkZdk l sou djusl sO;fDr T; knk fnu rd t hfor jgrk gS
A cPpksadksbl dsckjsesa
t kx: d fd; k t kuk pkfg, A

iQ
kLV i w
Q
M cPpksadsfy, fdrus[ krjukd gS
abl dk v a
nkt k bl h l syxk; k t k l drk gSfd buds
l sou l scPpksadk cq
fyfC/ Lrj ( v kbZD; w
) dekksj gksusyxrk gS
A og ekufl d : i l sfodyka
x
rd gksl drk gS
A , d v ; ; u dsv uq
l kj i Q
kLV i w
Q
M [ kkusokyscPpksadk cq
fyfC/ Lrj ?kj i j
cuk rkt k [ kkuk [ kkus okyksadh rq
y uk esade gksrk gS
A ' kks/drkZ
v ksads eq
r kfcd cpi u esa[ kk; k
i kS
f"Vd Hkkst u ya
csl e; rd cq
fekk i j i zHkko Mkyrk gS
A

6
 eksVki k

e/ q
esg dS
lj
a
ta
d iw
Q
M

, uhfe; k n; jksx

ge v i uh l a
LoQ
fr o [ kku&i ku dksHkq
y k dj v k/ q
fudrk dh nkS
M+esa, slsi nkFkksdk l sou dj jgsgS
a
t ksgekjsLokLF; dksgkfu i gq
pk jgsgS
a
A ge v i usi jEi jkxr i Q
kLV&i w
Q
M l kw
] fpmM+
k] puk] eD[ ku]
yLl h v kS
j iQ
yksadh pkV dksR;kx dj , slh oLrq
, v i uk jgsgS
aft uesadsoy gkfu gS
] ykHk ugha
Abl
la
ca
/ esai f' peh ns'kksadh rjg gh l rdZ
r k l sdke ysuk gksxkA v esfjdk dh rjg gh fczVsu esabl s
ysd j [ kkl h l fozQ
; rk fn[ kkbZnsjgh gS
Aogk , slsfoKki uksai j jksd yxk nh xbZgS
] t kscPpksadkst a
d
iw
Q
M [ kkusdsfy, i zsfjr djrsgS
A Ldw
a y ksaesaHkh , slsHkkst u dksgrksRl kfgr fd; k t kusyxk gS
Afi Nys
fnuksaogk , d cPpsdk uke Ldw
y esafl i Q
Zbl fy, dkV fn; k x; k] D; ksa
fd og v i usya
p ckW
Dl esa
fpIl ysd j v k; k FkkAi zQ
ka
l esa' kq
: gq
bZ^bi ksM* eq
fge esaLdw
y h cPpksagh ugha
] iw
j sl ekt dksLoLFk
jgusdk ew
y &ea
=k fn; k t k jgk gS
Aedl n gSfd l ew
ph v kcknh dh t hou&' kS
y h dkscnyk t k, A; g
fn[ k Hkh jgk gSfd , slh dksf' k' ksaja
x yk jgh gS
A
a

bl l eL; k dsfy, yksxksadkst kx: d gkst kuk pkfg, A bl dsl kFk gh l jdkj dkspkfg, fd og
yksxksadkst kudkjh nsafd os( yksx) i Q
kLV i w
Q
M dsi zfr l rdZ
r k cjrsav kS
j v i usi jEi jkxr [ kku&i ku
i j v f/ d ; ku nsarkfd v kusokysl e; esamUgsafdl h i js'kkuh dk l keuk u djuk i M+
sA ekrk&fi rk
dksHkh pkfg, fd osv i uscPpksai j ; ku nsav kS
j mudksl e>k, afd i Q
kLV i w
Q
M LokLF; dsfy,
gkfudkjd gS
A

7
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1. www.cseindia.org
2. www.who.int/
3. www.cercindia.org/

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