You are on page 1of 118

   

" 
     "



  




 
   
 

   


 ! "#  $%
 &#
('  !

 )* &+

! 
#
 &#
  ,

---- !---#

  +

 2009 0 -* 1430 .


1----- 2

  
           
  

  ) ( & '  *  !"  # $  # % &   %

 . "      + ,

...............................:./0

 ...............................:

 (...............................:2

!+
 !
+


 (  :  : 9  ) 57 (  8'" : "    345

 < " )   ; = ;  %

/ / 
 :


 6+ !+
 !
345

! &  & ......................   


 . : % 4

? & .............................  ) , : % 4

? & .............................      : % 4

? & .............................  


 <  : % 4


---7
 --


       <' @  % A  B
C % 

&  &  A " 4 ) D= 45 # 

B? E )  8?, . ,0 @  !  % B% F

 
   
 

A  = B 45 G )% A   0 H= B  . &  &   % 4

B 45
' ) .5   B% B?E #&I ;
&  <  C B?E ! "

B   8' .( ) B?    !" : ?  <' @ % A  %

,  % 4  .% (  !5 : ?  )   % .$ .@  %


 <   % 4       % 4  )

3--------*8


...  <'

  < ) A (  B% &   ),  J 5

... )  <'

  " B=  "  <   , )

... )  <'

) ." @7 )   <' ." ( ) ." 


* <

&  @=  % )  ? E A 




  <'

D  45 &  .% 5

& %
 !9+


!%2$
 + : ----------------4 

  E 
G (   (
 @  %
/5 :50
  , K"
 B  ! (
 B % ! (
J ,L ! (
B   M F
 
0 M F
1 !
 !7 :  $2

1 "
2 " !  %
3  N5
3  5
3   ?
4   ,
5  ,
6 !0  ,=
6 Time Management (  8'
6 Time Planning (  
6 Time Organizing(  .$
6 Time Direction (  A
7 Time Control (  <  (
7 Performance :


8 !7
 &
 =
 8 : <
 $2

10 (  O 
11 "!  (  ,  80  
14 (   ?
18 (  % $  !   
20 (  % 5 $
21 4 (  8'
22 (   .     7P
23 (   E 80   %
24 (  8' H E
25 (  80 B 4 8'
28 (  8'  
28 (  8'  @@,  

29 (  8'   '
31  $ ( 8'
32 (  80 ) @   $
33   :
33 :
34 : 8'
35 : 8' N5
36 :; .@ N5
37 : 8' = 
39 :  
40 : B,
41 : ,  
42   : < 87* B 
45 @   


45     :;
& 
48     :  7
51 @      , 

55 (&38 !7
) !
 !? :>
<
 $2

55  Q"
55  2 
56  
57   
57 " 7 8 =
58  M 
59 ! =,0  
60  :'
61 ?+ !
 B9 :6
 $2

61 8  7 =
63 )! =,; B,      :L  @,   
64  !   ;
76   ?  
87 &$ 
 &8 :C
 $2

87    0
88  = 
89 2 ! (
96 ,L

 
 !9+

!%2$
 D ----%
 +



52  ,  @    F 1
56  % ,   2
2
62 ( E S  %)  ;    )   ;  7 B  3
63  M  )  2
 4
64 (    7; 9     ,;  ,    5
66 (  .$  7; 9     ,;  ,    6
69 (  A  7; 9     ,;  ,    7
71 <  ( 7; 9     ,;  ,    8
( 
73 (  80    ,;  ,    9
74   : 9     ,;  ,    10
77  % )   : 9  < (  8' 7   Q!  11
  ; ; = ;
79  % )   : 9  < (   7   Q!  12
   ; = ;
81  % )   : 9  < (  .$ 7   Q!  13
   ; = ;
83  % )   : 9  < (  A 7   Q!  14
   ; = ;
85  % )   : 9  < (  <  ( 7   Q!  15
   ; = ;

 !9+


!%2$
 D ----%
 +


10 (  O  1

11 "!  (  ,  80   2

23 (   E 80   % 3

,%E
 !9+


!%2$
 D ----%
 +


97  0 .%,  : ?  1

98   ' 2

.#
 35 D   *<5 &+
 


 )   ; = ;  % <  

 '

 
 

N'

 
 .  % 4 

F #


; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  8' 7 , <'  5

 % <   7,   N" 45 @,  .)   )  

    % # % (3) 5 )   )     ; = 0

 (%10)  7  <   0    ) E$  &E$  (140)

  +, #+L7  % < 


 E$  &E$  (1400) V   2 

=   &= "  , B% )M !  ,  )M !    7, 

.(  8'

(Kolmogorov-   " ?    Q!  B, ) 7,   

#   ,;  ,    #    )  2


  @,  Smirnov)

&7 J 5  ) F Q!      E% ( #    ,0 B,

< ((  <  (W(  A W(  .$ W(   ) (  8' =  & E 

 B , 


F=   Q!  ,?  % #  : 9  2


Q!  ,?    : 9     #(  8' , B .5   ( 

.(  ,  80   B% 7X  N$  : 9   

) E$      @ "5  =     <'  =

  D  .  5; #(  8'   .    . ( 8 ? #(  8' B 

. 

Time Management and its impact on Employees Performance Level


Field Study on the Cellular Communications Companies in Jordan


By:
Abeer Fawzi Al-Khateeb
Supervisor
Prof. Dr. Najm Al-Azzwai

Abstract
This study aimed at clarifing the impact of time management on
employees performance level at Cellular Communication Companies in
Jordan. To achieve this goal, the researcher conducted a field study on the
three existing Cellular Communications Companies in the Jordanian market,
the study sample consisted of (140) employees representatives (10%) of the
studys total of population (1400)s employees in the three companies. The
data was collected through the survey questionnaire covering the five main
variables which constitute major element of time management.
The researcher utilized the (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) test and the
arithmetic averages and standard deviations. The study revealed that there is
an impact of time management on employees performance level, the results
also indicated that the allocation of specific time for the work of the planning
time is one of the most important factors of good time management. With
regard to the level of staff performance level, results of the study indicated
that the level of employee performance is directly influenced by the successful
management of time.
The study concluded the most important set of recommendations in
holding training courses for staff in the field of time management, and the
need for workers using the tools of time management and attention to morale
of the workers.


  --$2


!
--
 !---7

:?

   , (   5 E (  <' @ 8$  #(  <' ." $ ) K  N 

 )"   @7 N  ) 7, 8$  . "  " ; 


 8  345 # ( 

B   8 , & , J 5  #A?  %  "  A  @ A  ( 

.  B =E

J  #."E! $   .5   , ."  NL   9 (  8' . "E N  %

2 B   3  A  % )  .@    ; !    % J  (  3   ;

N $ 7X  E= 7%  )5 #8@  (  3   ; .(  %  #( 

)5 : (  (L  #8 2   "$ N $ 345 M .@ 345 7X #,

)     5Y ? @ 8,   :B7 #     "$ )  

 80 B (  (  8' ,  4' #(86 #2007 #)  ) =  , =

4   : <   B% J4 K% #:  , < B    $ )  

1
) (  8' 7 H?   345 :  5  .B%% $ : < K% 3 

.8   )   ; = ;  % )   : 9 

:?#95 !
 !#

) (   #.  5; 8 X     : (  8'  B= , 7 '

B  
' )  #  D   0 K ( ) G, = 5 ) , =

 ,   @ A #& @  8,   


   0 8 
  . " . @

B =  M #, (  ) (: 9 )   B  


' %  <'

7 K ( BL  J4 #: )    B? <'    ; = ;  %

: 9  ) ((  <  (W(  A W(  .$ W(   ) (  = 

:  ;*   )  ! =, @ A . 

Z; ; = ; O ( ) (  8' 5 9   :B  B*

:  ! 8 <' B  B* !


 . (

Z; ; = ; O ( ) ) (   5 9   :B ; ) E B*

Z; ; = ; O ( ) ) (  .$ 5 9   :) 7 ) E B*

Z; ; = ; O ( ) ) (  A 5 9   :+ 7 ) E B*

Z; ; = ; O ( ) ) (  <  ( 5 9   :2  ) E B*

Z; ; = ; O ( )   : 9   :) 7 B*

2
:!
 *5

:  N5 @, <'  345 <

(  80   M  (  = 5   -1

, $ 8' A 9 #  : < (  8' 7    , -2

.(  < $ ,  

:!
 !*5

" %  345 5 H? #8  M  =   4 (  5 &$

B% A 8 E ; E% (  5   % #3=  (  8' . "E H?

(  =  7 B, % #  : (  8'  7 [(  9 "  #B7

.  : 9  ) ( (WA W.$ W )

:!
 &4

:   ?E  ? 

(HO1) < ; ! ?E

."(0.05) ; 9     : 9  ) (  80 ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

3
(HO1-1) < ;  E ?E

; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (    ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05) ; 9     

(HO1-2)  7  E ?E

; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  .$  ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05) ; 9     

(HO1-3) 7 7  E ?E

; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  A  ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05) ; 9     

(HO1-4)    E ?E

; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  <  ( ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05) ; 9     

:!
  %

 B% )5 #8   )     ; = ;  % :) % B  -1

() (Q ) (


)  %

  " )  345   8  )5   


  , :) 
 B  -2

2009/2008 ) .   ) 7 B=E  2008 KY < , 2008

4
; = ;  % )   O  )   B  B7  :  B  -3

 0    ) ' E$   8   )  

.< 

.$    )5 : .@ (  80   M  :) B  -4

. ( A 

:!
 &%

  ; = ;  % )   E$    ( 5  )  " , 

!   \ E$    9 #,,=  %    :;0 <  )

] Y  B   7,    % #) ?  B%  8  ;

    ;' # )  0 4* . )    7    0 M 

J4 * #  0 M  <'       : M  (  8' M 

B  )5  345 " = )  @  B%   %  )  @,L  

.  0 M  ] Y 

5
:!98 &%#$


:Time Management &+


 

= 5  D  (   8 E ;  " : "X (  8' (/51422) @ N


  @, < $ , 2 #  , ) "' < )  " N5 @,  ^  8 

(295 #1422 #@) "B@ D     ,  #=  8 , B    

:Time Planning &+


  

A  #"  B  


0 D  (  , " AX (   (2005) )= N

5
   B   ,  A . @   %  :   B @  N  

(36 #2005 #)=) . ( )

:Time Organizing &+


 =

  2
" A B ( 4 (2000) ? N " (  .$   E 8 

%  9   


<   
<M ; +, &  5
'    E < . 

(98 #2000 #?) ."A  5  B% 4E 

:Time Direction &+


 G 

B7 . ; <'    '" AX (  A (Drucker, 1985) %   N`

  < #8"$ (    B    %  D = ) ."  8 4 ) ( 

6
."A  : 7 (   8!  <=( @, )% $ ) )   S   8 (

(Drucker, 1985, 33)

:Time Control &+


 "# !+


 ,0 , #A  (  )E (   @" "X (1999) . ( G , "

(13 #1999 #. ( G ,) .",,=  @ 4   "   ",

:Performance 3

 #, J   I A@@,  E %  " AX )E$  : (2007) )   N

N$  @ &  #( D ?   (  %X A  )  $,L 2 

."A! Q!  B,  ,? @ A' % )     :  %  )% A 

(66 #2007 #)  )

7
<
 ---$2


!7
 &
 =
 8

+, #7,    )  0 A )   " L%  (  % 

7% ) B7 B% (  8' < 8@ .;     @     "$

"$   345 B #   "   )   M?   


  # , 

&"   0 B  #.5   7% 0 ;  )   9  % B%

% =  E= . ( #A  #.$  #  )5 #  A, ) &54 &%E

< 3 
%  +, # "   )   M? 
 <  = <' N  B@ 

% " :
  "? < B =, B" ,        : ? ) ( 4  

., (  ) @ B ,  B? E  <  A

%  Y  "  ." #E  0    )  9 (  % X

." 8     ? #." D  (  ) ."   . "  B  
'

8' 5 "$ 5 # 54   .  )  @ " <  )  = ."  "  <'  ?'

."  #:  , <  <   0    )   9 ( 

.@ 4  ' 80 )  *   % :


  , 

8
(25W24 #1995 # %) :! !   (  2      a A

:  (  )   @ 4   W1

< B =, @ 4    .  ) 5  B  .5  @ 4   ( 

.
L 
  (  B5  @ @ 9 , <   ; % ; ."  Q! 

L% 9,'   4E   ( :B 7 B  < .3 = @ 4  ;  

  @  #E 4E  .5$ "  B7 B, <' B =  2  , < G ;

 Q  @ <    !  ) 8 


  E% 7%  % ( @ 4   ) X 

.   B" 

:. (  ) . B   ?  B%   W2

9  @ ; #B  ( ."    #4E     4E    . "   Y

) B    : " 0 4E  B  ) X   $ ,  % 4 ?

. @  80 <    $ ) &% '   #?       

:BL  (  ) .%,  H?  

A@?  B  , 2 

B :  0  O0 

P     "==   <


%  

9
 (    @  7% 4  E; B , Y ) O  8' 2  ;

 N  " = +, #E    A 0 .


L (  @  5


  %X  "" 8X  8' .B 9  <' ( F A 4 @ %

F   A .  5; # .  0 )   (  ) 4  @

(39 #2001 #,) .  

:&+
 : 5

: 5    , ) (   (1) .( B% , (/5 1422) @ H? 

(  O  (1) .( B%

&+
 : 5

% =

A$ A$

(73 #/5 1422 #@) := *

.A F=  Y ) A 8 E ;  A '  A$ = ( : B  O 

  (L , B% .  B7 #    , ) A?@ 4 (  5

< 5 A F=  Y ) &7% A E   % ; ( 5 ."   ;

.8 , ) 
 $E, 5  

10
A ' A$ % ( : ) 7 O 

,  % (   4 O  45 ) #=   , #B A== 4 (  5

ZB7 BLM ; ALM  2  B5 Z(  45  8 E ; 2  B5 . "  4  %

:?9 &+ #
!%
 8 & 

 B7    ) "!  (  ,  80   (.)   H? 

:(2) .( B% H?  % H  B% (  8' <' H,=

"!  (  ,  80   (2) .( B%

(81 #. # ) := *

11
:     N5  (1

.@  . @   )     #A    A A5 2  N$  < 

5' <' *  )


     ,?  N5 .  4' #:  , <

.B7 B% A ' A$ < 8@ . ( 

:B Q   
 $ E ,; ( 2

(8%E) )
B Q  B N$  . @  )5 # B% (  8' )  7 8 

)    ! . " B   A H?  (L


& 7 ) =@ 9  < A5 @, 

<    #J4 NL = 3   # 5


  "   # 5
 N 

#A   =  N$    ,   8 @ $  %  = 8%E )

.9    
;   8%  8$ )

: 
' ! ( 2? (3

E  
' ! (   N$   %  )5 # B% (  8' ) 7 7 8 

"5  @ 8 ) 
0 ! ( 2?  <    #B%  ) % A "E

:(1991)  % 5  %

.F 8 ,  &:
   ! @ 2? B 

. 
0 ! ( ) 87% :  2? ) M  . 

12
 )  @ .5 , <'    )  E < 8        

.(.  J4 B    %80 @,  7   @  5


' # @

.O   " ) 
0 ) , :  ' 

.(65 #1991 # %) N5 @,    7% 


0 ! @   ) 

: " 4   (4

B% :B7) 5
0  )  A  *  N$  "  " )  4  )5

.(... KE  !


 H   N   BX   

: "  (  BLM  (5

9  $ ; #8  .  :B7) B     


;  ! ?  (  "  =@

.A , A (   0 .$ B( % 


)5 #(
 2( #    $  #E # 

2? # "  (  2(  , #A, .7 #A ( &!  0 )?@ N% BX  

. %0 ( " 8 E L  

: ? Y    ] .L ; . (6

A   A  #( ? ." A   ) ."   P Q ) 8  0 B "

#A    A5 , )  0 N?  J4 .  #((   ?  % ) A (

.A 4 A ' AE A$ B@

13
:&+
 &4

 : $,L   #(   ?'   E   %  8 5 $ J 5

% (38W33 #2008 #B?E)   % B : : 7 (   ?' 5 $ B ,  

:) P ) 5 $ 345 .5 F

9  @ 2   * 2   : @   B7 87%   ; 

.  ,  " Y   +,    " B   B  , .

 (L =  (L   "  8X G   


  87% 

.B

 ,    ; 8  %4  L <     %  

.J4

"  B4 <'  , B :  ?    < B =,  = 

. " B =,

 =  " X  "  ?  = = ; B 8X ) .$  :  

4 .    N! $ N=  Y # 5


  (  "  <' G ,

.3   , ) "

 E . <  9  <' :  !  , @ 4    


% 

. 

14
.$    M  , . B   :0 <   8 

.J4   

 =E ! ) "X X  @ ;   )     . <    

.   @ 4  

.+, B       )    E    % :  ' 

"  9 9  @ @   @ <' (2007) 


  N ? 9 " 

(91 #2007 #


  ) :)  F )  35' (   ?' <' * " 3$

 2? +, $ Y @      E  % 2 B   

. "?  Y ) " 

 8X B %,  =   . ,


   B  % <' B =   = 

.B  %

   FE   ."E= .   : )E 0 9   E 

.  

) +,    8M=    % =   (L <


%  

.=   ? 

: "'  " =  E= :L :L


 2 +, B = ;  " N? 

.P   :4'   +,

15
 , 2     5  .     B = ; B!   , :  

.B   

E= " B =,  =       ? 80   .  5; . 

.  B @  X  B  %    = 

"B  B% J5 @,  J  B%" "X (   ? (1999)   N %

(   ? 2 W  8 BL  W . A   H?  # (263 #1999 # )

J4 0 N! $  ,   2  <' "E= . ( ( #& ? (40) M  ! 

(266W263 #1999 # ) :)  , <

:   )

.     M #  
 80   /     / N5   . 

.    / !   $   / , ( ) 87%  X . @  , 

. (  ( Y @

.  = . /   . E 

: .$  )

.   *    % ;  / )= .$  . 

. ,


. : *   . "  


 

.  E c . $  . 8:@ /   / (  B   

16
Y   L"  / !L Y  

. !L

: N$  )

. E$   ) F@  8 


  . : E% Y /   Y  E$  

.   % ;  E$   . ; @ ; / X  / M  

: A  )

. 8; L / 2 F@  B= E ) J ; / B E Y  E  

.  

. B ) /   ) F@ 

: ; = ; )

.  0 ; = ; @  D ? .  .   ; 

. ; = ; .  87% ; = ; / "  %4 <, " 

. 8!


: @ 2= )

.    B% < B =,   .   / BX  

.  ( 

17
:  ( )

.  ! E  !
  . E "   @ 

. 8X     /  % Y     " ; " B ( < 8@ . 

. ) 4  ?; F@  . ) 4  ?; F@ 

   @ /  ( /   @  . 5


'   . " J 

. 8!
  (  . Q? / " =  7* 

[ @ .5 4 F    .  . J ,   . . 

:&+
 !#
!=
 !9
 

L% 345 "$ #@      &  B(    ) (  % .$ 

 J4 #E   !"  $ +,     <' 80 <  H?  B%

#(  8' % )  % $  !     . 0 (  Q  4

:) (24W23 #1984 #)? @) "(  % (  % $  !    .5 B7

(  3   J  N  +, #  J  ) 37 !  )  ; . $ 

7* E   
      X 4  # "  X )     @ 

 @     ; #  .  % ; B7    345 F! = ."

 )     7,  3*  5 # E? (  .  5;  %   Y

.B7 B% A (  F 8' , < K% 3  4  @7 . 

18
#  B   F   0 A @  ,  4 #  ;   (L O  

.
; ' +, # " 5  (  = B7 ; )   (L J =  E=

.5 7% :) 5 H = A  Y  , J  :

   ."  ; F X N! $   BM F=       

.%,  (   %     ." !    % @  . "M

# " ."   N?  (  B  ) ."== . $    @ ."( 

BM    Y F  2 B   BL     , ) A  45

. " M )  N! $ 

# @,   ! ,  = )  #E$  N=    . 0 . 

H!  . 0 .   #8X ) )$  B%" )  B = ;  

B,   "  (  B 87% <' J4 B% * # " B   @

.M ",  ,  !

 " < E$  ." ,  ) ."  .5 '   A .  5; . 

)     ) @  ."   B@ <    J4 ." #A ' (  .$

.B ) (  2 B   ." (L ,  "  X

19
:&+
 !# *=

' %  Y ."" +, E  0    )  9 (  % X

!  
 J 5  $,L .."  D   , (  ) ."   B  

.."  ." " )  

. "    A  < , )  B    8 


 2  ; )  

:X . @ #   . " 345 .@ 8 ' 2  A% #A' N ? )  8   

..@ $ E ,; < =0    A(  A   

7% B "% B   B <' *  8@ 345 80 B   7% @ E

   #$ )! " Q  )  #  B ) 37 K%  # "

)  8   :   ) ."   ==  :      

  @    (  ."   +, #. @ 4   < .5 

:;*5    7 0 H    2?   ,  7% ) 


 ." ;' . 5='

(77 #1985 #.5 ') .." "   

W23 #1991 # %) ",?  )  55 $ .5 #% BE B7 (      H? 

:) X  (24

20
+,  <' G , )   ?   @      E  ! @, 

D = ) ."
 ." % <' ." " ,   Y )  #@ 4   

.: 

! B7 # : J,   Y )  # % <    E .5 O E  

.."  % E  = M?

J 5 X N ; ) 45 #4%5 ...  B B . 5 :   .  

7*  "   B   345 B  ; ) 2?    #9  .5 ;  

.0 B 8: E% )

Y  8  !  <'  ,  ) * 4  ?   7% . @ 

) ?' " <'  , " ,   ) "   "7, . $ #8 

.X  45  !  ?  

:&
 &+
 

N  % #."E! $   ."   , ."  NL   9 (  8' . "E N 

   ; !    % J  (  3   ; J  .9 <'  @7  ?

 )5 8@  (  3   ; .(  % .(  2 B   3  A  % )  .@

.8 2   "$ N $ 345 M .@ 345 7X , N $ 7X  E= 7%

21
&
   ) ; " .$ < B  $ ' B @ %  E=

 A   A <


; <' $ 80 . "5  $ 345   , : ? )

   "$    )5 , )


( : (L #N"    (  ,

   M? * +, #   5Y ? @ 8,   B7  

.  9     ,  <'  )


B  :   

:&+
    . !
 <H

  :      7I 8 (  8'  A  ) (66 #2004)  H? 

:)  "= % #(  8' ) B= ,

.P 8' N $  O ? 

. B   <  , 4 E 8 =E :  ' 

.9 $  " B 5' A' B =  2   $  " <' O  ; 

)   $   ; B%  B7 "X % ; )   ?@   +, 

.G ;    Y )   *   B 5' =   8; 

 "  ?   +, ) X     :    ) ?' " B4 

. " 

 2 B   ) % (    . ."  %  *  (   7  . 

.)  B%

22
.:L  M=  * A (L ) 37  = 4  ";   

.@ 4   ) ,   +, )  

.B   ) 37  ?@     .% 

.E? : E% ?  N= 

:&+ #
!
2
 8 & 

<' " )   )5 (  2 B   F! = +L7 J 5  <' (2001) ) %  

B   (  <' $ ) "   "The 3 Effects" 7L7 7*  8 ?

:(3) .( B%  H?  % A

(   E 80   % (3) .( B%

D /// 0 8: /////E% /// E

Effortlessness Efficiency Effectiveness

///(  8'
Time Management

(48 #2001 #) %) :=

23
  < )M  (   E 80
  K 7L7 J 5  (3) .( B%  H? 

=  345 #9  ,  @ )  B ) :  A ( 2 A   "  

 B% #  = 45 ) .%,    2  N% N= (  2 B   K B 

#2001 #) %) .(  ,  8' <' ." )  * B ) D  0 8: E%  E

(51

:&+
  I2

8'  7,  A B  & 5 &:


 (  8' H E (2004) )     B% 

G  A :e  % K @ )5 (  8' )  H E a 7,  $ ) #( 

H E 345 .5  )  #  345 BLM  .  4' (  8' ) ,  Q! 

(112W96 #2004 #)   ) :(  ,  80 , ) 

&   B( < , O  8    B B  +, :(  B, W1

.(  B `E B,  &5 

.)L :0    7% . B% )(  :0  :2(  W2

 &@     4 B  9 <   )    % ) :  W3

 #+, 9 8=( N5 2 E   #A 4 .   %  ( )

.)= (    `E 8 E L  5 

24
) BL  . B% "@@, .    7% Q!  ' :    N5 W4

.= B (  K "  N5 :  *

" .
; ) ) 4  ?0   ! "     ' :! "    W5

.N     8, < M  )   

   B  ,  ,  N(   )  B , <' B=  . ' :B!  W6

.  7% :0

" " .H,= , < H,= :) B "X  E N % : E W7

 (  )    Y . " ) A4 . 4'  E .  %  8 A : E%  %

. "  Y Q!      Y

  . "  ,   E  Q 8 ? :B= E      B@  W8

.$   N5]   5 (

.."E D ?   
 4 :
0 W9

:&+
 8   &
 

5 B E  (71 #2000 # ?) Self Management 4 8 ) (  8 

. 4  ,  .5  f (   .A   A " ) O  B ( ,A ( < $   

25
A  " E BLM  < 8@ )5 4 8' . :g )  8 .   A  .

.A5 @,  B e B% "E$ 3  3 % A  %'

B7 .@  $ .7 ,8 , 345 )  ;   < )   J; ;


&  4 8 

B!   & , "@@,   ; < )  N5;   .7 4 345 B% )  h 

.N5; 345 < B =  5   .  )   ;

< B (87 #2000 # ?) ",?  !;  


, <  ; <   4 8

:)5  0 9 4 8' . "E 

.) , ) 3
  4 N" 5  W

. ", )  h  .@ 2 N" 45   B5 W

.3  4 F=   " )5  W

.F=  ) O ; " ) N ,; < B= N% W

 < :e     @ 4 8'    (92 #2000) ? H?  9 " 

:F 9 4 8' = 

.
; J  ) 8 (  %  F, W

)  !; KE ) @7 W

8: E% A 8 E ; (  .$ W

26
8  A
%  N" B M;    L . , W

N?  @ 8 @  @ < N  W

  .     W

B7 B% " 8 E ; ,  FE  +,  W

  7 .L ; . W

 A H = 4 8'    O . ( #4 8' =  F )  4' A

:)5 4 8'   (112 #2000) ? 3 

) .%,  E%  :  8    )5  (  : ?( @ X  W1

<  < ,   345 5  ,  #A ? )    M ) ( 

. 5M

! < (  8; )  Q   : 7


%  :=   M N5; , W2

 % M= N5 <  = 8 % N5; !


 , 5
 % 7L7 

B F =  % X% ,  O  , < N5; .@ ,) B% 5


'

. .. ,)   )   )!

27
:&+
  & 5

 (     (  .$      8 = A ' B  (    '

  345 ?  .A  ,      %   ? ,8

(102 #2000 # ?) :)5 "  % )   

.O  ,  W1

.  (  
 W2

..! ,  Q  W3

."  FL Q  W4

.   ; Q  W5

.) ; Q   W6

. % 8%E W7

..@  8  BX  Q  W8

:&+
  . !77%
  


[(  @ ,,,= 8 = (  8' i,  ! E 


  7% @,  2(  )

#B%% $ <  E < :  2E   !  


 8 (48W46 #2007) [(

:)  "= %

28
.8 ,     
    -

."   . -

. "@@,  ) N5; <


%  -

.KE ) @7 8 
-

. 8:    @ %E  -

. "@@, % )  N5; <


%  -

.,  FE 3 ; -

." @( @ B  ; : -

.B E  E  < 8@ -

.B N  
  B@  -

. (  5 . ? B%   ; 8  %  -

.E D  . "E   -

:&+
  !

, = $     *  2  ,+, )   . "E (  8 . "E '

.;;  L  ;  ;  B,  , B% A I . "E 45  @

29
,(  .  E )   J;" : "X 2  " "E (  8    N

 ,; : ; 2  ; 8 


B  , E ALM  E%  

) $ .  . ,?     ? < 5, . )  N5; @, B

(54 #2001 #<,) ." "% B @ 

7L7 < "@ J4 N5; , BL  (  8'      .@ %

:(156 #2000 # ?) 5  % B,

. (   , -

.9 8=( -

.9   -

. ,jB e  A . @    4   H = D ?   Y )E N5; 345 H? 

.(  2? A

*   < 8@ $ H )  )" ,9 8  N5; )5   ; 8; K 

8  N5; 4E   ?   B,    , N5; <@  #B @ 

% )  (  Y   +,;  ,


;     , B, 345 ? #9

. 5 7  B@   "  (  .  

30
  ( F= ,,  B ) 8, "
 <    B B  .@ 

O  ( < "% *; < , 8  . "


; ( F= ,  @

.  9 ) (   ? B  ; B

:&=
 &+ 

 ,  ; B  ; :  


 ."   %   9 (  5


B,  . @ )  )5 ,  $ # "   "= M  ) BX  %E 

   ; : . @ .7 $ B . )  ; O  B% , J4 ,( 

:(98 #2001 #<,) ", ( ) 

.  5 9 W1

.F = ;   G  B  ; : . ,= =   W2

.    8: E% h B  ;  ,8: E% B   W3

.A  " B B%   8,      W4

.B,  8    W5

31
:&+
 8 #7
  =


< ,  7,  $ F, (  8  @   X .  5; 8 O  

8=
% BM <  $  < ,? ;; ) ,(  8  "  

. ,     ) "   7 ,B @  )

K X% ., <


%   0 %E 3" 4 )  B ,  B @ ; <' 5 

G 0    $ " E  )  .,   BL  $   .  

, A   B &  ., ) ; )  (    = ( NL < 45 #8 %  %

 8 E ; <' < )" (108 #2001 #<,) #    8 
M ., M=

 =  #N %  E " H   %, 8' A ' BL  A  7 ; ( 


Y  E  2  )  )5   8' A ' " ( ) .%,     )   $

,   @ K B :; % )  B% (  ) .%,    # 

.(    = (    N  B J4 9  % N % 

8      * B%  $ +, A ,M  2 %, .! . 

$ .  5 ,B @  ) & , &  (  8   4 ,      

. O ? <'  @ 3  45 #" O ? . ;  . @ ) )

32
:Employees Performance .#
 35

<=( <'   : 9  2  0 .$ <' "   <  .   $ <

. "   
 ) 5  "! @  ? J4   

#A $ E, A, E% : :5    % .   $ A 
   B

  M
0  E   "5 @,    $ 8   :   +,

. " $   

:Performance 3

 AX AE . 2000 =' ( 9000


0) K @   $ , : N )

. )     (L )" : 8: E%  #Q!  k  9 )5  E  # E 8: E% B

(ISO 9000, 2000) .    " B =,

#, J   I A@@,  E %  " AX : (19 #2007) 
  N %

."( D ?   (  %X A  )  $,L 2  

 *8@ = :

(    2)  ) ? (  @ () E ( 

Q!  B,  ,? @ A' %  )     :  (E) ! % 45 %  < ,

33
) ."@    :   :: . @  0 3=@ 4 45 ,A!

(2007 #
  ) .L @  (  ."5* )  ."  % @ .@ ."E! $

3 #  B7 . ; N5 k  9 5 : ' B @ % #   < : 

8    A % #  ,  8 O    Aa # %  L %  L   $

.8  (  E%  %  

:Performance Management 3 

. )   "    :  )  7, 0 .5 E  : 8' . "E 

 m  B%  E K ( < 8


% 8  8 = : 8' @  @ #B%% 8;

@     2 2 Q!  80  N5 80    ,   7  BL

.)? 

)  . N  )  +,  ", )    $


 % ; A %

&
%  ) ; 5 ,  % )  # (Z)
$ < , .  " )  (Ouchi)

)  #  : 9  , < B  345 7 H? )     h  <

:A  ) (48 #2006)  , " 

. " ? E$  @  W1

34
. (MBP)%  8; . "E .  #@ 4      J2

.A! ?  .$  ,  %   4  *    2 J3

.     .! B  "  ,? @(  ( $  J4

.=    5 E$  !    $  N5; :   J5

B <   )  $ @ " < :; 8' (102 #2008) O ( N (

:   2 #B !  ; B    ? 8; @(        <


% 

 $,L #% , <  < :;    2 =  5 ) ;



   . 

BL  H?     8 <


%  : 80 ) ;  ,    N 

. 8, N5 @,  ;  @   B E <   8 =   4 . $ J4

.2 B   ) "@@,  
L   %;     % B 2 # " @   E ;

:3  *5

2 BL  B%% $ 9   " M N5   @, <' : 8' <

(41 #2006 #  ) ",?  % J4 # 0 ,    : 9 

.M  "       :     . $ 2? W

. "  (   345    :;    B  =E :   W

35
.      A  . (  B" W

.    .! J   :


 < B ,   B ( c  :L   . @  W

.@  @  7  :; .@ . "E < : ?@ :; H,= <
%  W

.L% B ,  E    S   W

.   E  @     B" W

:3( 7 *5

 $ ) 8\ <  < , : .@ N5 (87 #2006 #  ) [(  9 " 

:   @ N5 = +, # 0 :0 , B  

. $ ) H,= B% )        . @ W

.: @ ;   ;   . @ W

.; (    B@   . @ W

.       . @ W

.  ;
 ,   . @ W

.)E$    G  (  Q     W

36
.B = ;  " )  =@ N?  @ N% W

. "! ) .@  ;  N?  @ < N  )     8  W

:3  $

M =  345 O . @ 3  4 #  B% N$  < : 8' =  K%

 B% H?  ( #B%% $ : 9  , <' * 4 A! 9  ,

:   @ ) : 8' =  (Adam and Jex, 1999, 72-77)

:?  :;  (  )

. "@@, M N5 2? "L  .  )  <  8  )5 :N5; , W

.$ ) ) , : 9  B, "L  .  :) , :; B, W

.A' B =  A@@,  : 9     2? :  :; , W

.  : 9  K ( M :   B, "L .  :  B, W

:?  :; .$ ()

.8    E$  &@ . " 2


.  +, :. "   * W

37
2 ."? E$   E$  80  B = ;  ( BE :B = ;  ( W

.)$  B%" ) (   < M  (   8 E ; <  < , 

.B  .$ )   @ Q!  O  : @ H!  W

:?  :; A (G)

.(    @ 4   B = ; :'  .  +, ::;  W

 0    B (  E$   ' , 345 ) .  : ; W

.8  . )   

.@     :   8 E L % 4M  <   ; .  :% 4M  W

BL  " @  )  8   8 E ; < B BL  :: ; H,= W

.B( (  " :  H,= .  4' % 4M    8    

.  : 9  ) B= , .@  @ K ( .  " :.@  $,L W

:?  :; .@ ()

. "   <  < ,  =@ A  , , 345 ) .  ::; )  =@ W

.B7 A  <   9 8   "  8 E ; :8   " W

38
. " B =   "   " , " .  :"   " W

 2  ;  


     ?  @, : ?  W

.  9 : 9 

   < :  @ 4   .  +, :;   @ 4      W

.F  .@ " .5


 )  $ )   :  8 

.@  45 7   : ) B= , .@   ( " .  :A@7 :;  ( W

.A B =   9  ) , 9    9  , B  BL 

9  2 < m % . $ B +, :N5; , .@  ) ; J  8X % W

. ; ,   :

: 9   " .  , 345 ) :$ ; : , < B =  W

.:  , < $ 

:3 

#2006)  " 3%4  &@ "5  8 BL  ,? @( :   2? . 

:(73

.)  ; %E  )54 N=  @ .  W

39
. " =  " 5 ,    ;   W

.   ; ?     2? W

K (  , . " Y = )  (  % 8  =  .  W

. " 4E 

B : K ( ) " !  9 .@ < B   @  :;    W

. 2   (  W

4  " B=  2(  )  ! "   N= =    < :;   

  A E  )   @    :;   B7 #  A *

) N  : B? < B =   "L   %  )  E% H? , N$ 

.A7 ,     :; )  =@  Y; < AE ( 

:3 #%

4"     B , N= B ( : :    B, < . @ : B,   '

(13 #2008 #O () : 5 

.)=  GL   W

40
.2 GL   W

% "5   8  )     :L H  B,  . @  2  < ,

:(87 #2001 #) %) ",? 

.E "* )   )  8: E% 4   %  W

.." @7 :   ; 2 B    " J   W

.B?; B,  +,  "  (= @7  W

. $  @ W

.  @ 


 % W

.   B , 2?   % ; O ; < 8@ W

.     W

.: ; = < 8@ W

:3 .% & 

:) P (29 #2006 #  ) "'   % : ,   ,

Z%  W

41
Z%    W

Z;  4  W

Z+,  3 4  W

Z:; )  =@    W

Z% B ,  ;  W

ZB   W

:.#
 35  <K
  


B    7,  %4 ( #87% B . B%   : 9  ) 7*

 % #  Y B% A 7*  "   B% E : < 7*  " E 

)  B  .5 B    L   : 9  ) 7* )  M  ) +, 

.E  $  "    : 9  ) 7*

:) %  : 9  ) 7* )  B  .5 (45 #2000)    @

.$ N5X " (L N$  .( N5 W1

.(  0  , #K #) E M F! = W2

.=   54 @ W3

42
.
 , W4

.B  (L W5

.    %  W6

:)  %   : 9  ) 7* )  B  .5  (78 #2001) , 9

.8, 8: ?0    B7   N $ W1

.$     )$  .=  N0 B7 $  B  W2

:)    : 9  ) 7* )  B  B @ (38 #1999) . ( G , 

.  Q W1

.B F! = W2

. E  ( W3

.
 ,   . $ W4

.)E$  9  J4%  K B7 M F! = W5

:)  B7   : 9  ) 7* )  B  .5  (112 #2003) , 9

.  W1

.E$     W2

.m %
 , W3

43
. "    W4

)     7*       : 9      H? 

A # A . @ 4 N" NL  7* 345 N  #A! 9  ) K%

 (W(  A W(  .$ W(   ) (  8' =  7  345   @

 P 7,     8 E ; <  < ,   : 9  ) ((  <

N" #   %    : 9  ) 87* B  , )  345 Q! 

  : , < B O ?  45   )    Q!  =L < B =,

.B%% $ : < 2E    #B? B%

44
:!7
 &


!
 &
 :(' 5

  +, .  8; ) B  M? ) (  8' 7 (2003) K   (1)

(  8'  (L H? <'  345 5 4 #80 N= (   

    X   )  2  B7 #  < J4     M?

A   5 #E$  &E$  (75) )   =, #@ 8,   

  Q!   7 #E$  &E$  (150) V  ) ;   O   (%50)

) :  % #)E$  ? .  (  B$ ) B E A  (L J 5

9   (  $ B$ ) B E A  (L J 5   Q! 

 , % #9 "  Y  F! = "  B  M? )E$  ?

 X   9 (  80 B  Q  ) BL  B  M? %   

. O ?  @ 8,      

% )  @ $ , ) K  9 (  8' (2004)   (2)

) K  9 (  8' <' N  <'  345 5 #   

< B =, #) B5*  B% 7      % )  @ $ ,

 5 #(  8' )    < #  , # ., #8 

? 5 #3$ "   ( < 57X  +,  (  8'  ( 

45
 EX ( # B% (  8' B  "@ )  :P  , @ 

 2 .5  (74) V   2   %90.5  %  (67)  

  Q! 
   % ( . @ $ , )     7   ! ; K

. "  ! )  . " . @ ) ) ) ." (  %70  = (   :)

) :)5  (  %L"  . " 7%  .' B   %27.5 . B   %42.4 "

  E 5   % :' %7.46   ."" )  L% B, ."    4E

  "$ 8L= : < N0 %3.6   ), =    ?, %4.7

   ?,     %3.3   L L% B, ) 5 .%3.69

.%.2.9

:   8 
< 57   ;  ( (2005)  % N   (3)

 (    " 5   ;  ( . "E (  <'  5 +, # $

 @ ,  &?  ? , " 


   ;  (   " ; 

 " ) (4L  ) )  <E )   <E  B
n % )  ( $

B% A  .  ;   ;  (     Q!   7 ( #   

345 : 9  ) K   E <' 9  # O ?   E  ) B7

 (  4' E  E  )   : X  Q!  ,?  % # $

46
.   80    ;  ( N? <' J4  #F  O @  E 

.  ;  (   ) ,  8 (

   )  80 )   9 (  8' .@ (2006)  "  (4)

)  80 )   9 (  8 ' 2( .@ <'  5 +, #E

   )  80 )     2   % ( #E   

< B  (<=(   #5


   #L0  ) )5 8
Y O ( ) E

. +, #E$  &E$  (306) ) ,  2  V ( #0  %   

#)=  2   (%41) )  ,  #8E (126) M !  @     

.@ . , )      % (  8' 2( 9    Q!   (

J4% (  3    8$ =   ;  2 J4 (  8' 2( 9 

.E   ?

9 0 O 0  "  ) 57 (  8'   (2008) )  (5)

K   80 ) $ "    7 , K 

    < N  <'  5 ( #@ =  . 

< N  J4% . ."   . " ) (  80 @ =    7 , K

, .% % )   7 , K  9 0 O 0  "  

, K  9 0 O 0  "  (  8'    (L 

47
2 #  80 ) 2   2   % ( #@ =    7

( . % %    7 ,   u    %  #K 

Q!  ,?  ( #&  ( ) & ( ) & () <' 


 () .5 V

80 @ =    7 , K     < @   

.    V +, (  Y)   %  345 8 ) 8  ."   . " ) ( 

V +, (  Y)   % ." 0 O 0  "   < @   (,)

9 0 O 0  "  (  8'    (L  (,) .   

.(u ) (L 345   % .  (      (L   2 

! &
 :<

A comparison between the time- (1996) Trueman & Hartley  (1)

management skills and academic performance of mature and traditional-entry


university students

 , 0 ) &  %   G  )7,      9 (  8'  "  @

.8,  % ) (Kelee)   ) KE .   <    . # 

G  )7,      9 (  8'  "  @ <'  345 5 +,

L  &   293   %   ) #   , ; ) &  %  

8' < <  8@    + 0  Q!  ,?  #<   ) <    ,

L  (  8' ) B? Q!     &  % L  % # %4  ( 

48
:  +L7 <   .@  % #& M=   <' B  )7,

(25   %) 7 7 # (25W21)   7 # (21  M=)  <   

.

Time Management and Achievement (1996) Barling & Others  (2)

Striving Interact to Predict Car Sales Performance

.% )      )   : 9  *   B E  @, <' ) (  8'

  :X *   BL  : (  8'  (L K ( <'  345 5 +,

% #  2 )    &= (102)     % #  2 )

)   < :e  % B ) : &@7 &     (  8'   Q! 

 E   ,?  +, #  9  B   5  A ,? 

< &  K%  #H  B% ." (  8' ) ." Y  B@   9  9 

." (  80 B? L


&     B )  ."  4    K% ."!

.."! < )  B% K% 3  4

Relationships between time management, (1999) Adams & Jex  (3)

control, work-family conflict, and strain.

.M? B 8 O= # ( #(  8'   (L

 B 2 !   M? B (  8'  (L H? <'  5 +,


  B (522)   % )    ) #8 9 M?    

49
 @ E 4     Q!  ,?  #%  % ; )   

     .5Y  7%  M?  B%      (  8'  " <'

(  8'  " "  2   )     Q!  % % #(  8'  "

) ."=, ) )  B% :   < K%  #7% )! @  )  )5 2 

. ." ,

Does time management training work? An (2005) Green & Skinner  (4)

evaluation

..@ Z(  8' <    B5

#." ( 8' < E  B    ! )     %' H? <'  345 5

   ( 7L7 < 


 E$  N$  (167)   % )    )

." (  8' < E$    %0   Q!  % #8,  % ) E 

$ "  J4 #: ) ."   ." : E% 2 < B  B  H,= B%

  ."@  , (   :   % 4 ."! $ "  ."E  

.(  8'  " )  

The relationship between uses of time management (2007) Gerald  (5)

techniques and sources of stress among public school superintendents in


Missouri

50
; )   K    "0  = (  8'  @ .   (L

. 

   =  (  8'  @ .   (L < N  <'  345 5

 5 % #%   ; )  %, K  9 B  M?

  #  9 (  8' :     B  M?   H? <'

 M?  ) 7 (  8'  B   \   @ .  . &= (524) 

B, <' B =  (  8' )     2?  8 ? Q!  ,?  #B

.B? B% ." ." ' 9  ) ,  #B  M?  .    %

:!7
 &
 . !
%
 !
 

(  8' 5 9 7,  9 #Q!   A =  .5 @      

X @    ,?  % #  : <   B% J4 K % B )

#: 9  )  E A .  ! 4 (  8' :  ) % @@, %

7,  9 +, #   5 ) X  * "@      345 :  J4

  < @   345 :  @ .  9 B? :e  ) ,  (  8' 

+, % #)   B,    @   7,  A   .  5 

)   ; = ;  % )   : < (  8' 7  F  B%  345

.7,  .  , ) O ?  4"   @      A(  .  5 #

51
(1) .( B 

@    F

Q!   

=  #
2
 G  . !+E O* J  * !2=  =  (75) (2003) C
 ! J1

2=
 4
  . !+  :  . (%50) G 

(150) M


( .#

!= =  #
2
 G  . !+E O* J

!#
 !N !2=  '2= 
 P4 2=
 4
 D  . !+ 

!? . !Q 


 F9$
 !? . 
 !7 % #
!
 !


D 5


 ?+ . %70  $ + .
 J . %90.5 . #  (67) (2004) 
 ! J2

? .?  #9 


 ?
 7
  
  (74) M

 !
 6

! 5 %27.5 .! 5 %42.4 C


  6 *

 : * 
 &+
E? ?
 <5 J ! <

! 
 !9(
2

??  
 &E
 % ?
.#
 &7
 !=%  .#

52
%4.7 ! !2* &
 3 %7.46 !

8 %3.6 ! %$


  
  4%

%3.69 ! ?=


 E$ 35 "#


 G   ( !( !+
  #5 J 
 8 
 . (150) #
  ! J3

!
 : 4  &2
  < "2
 
  "2  (2005) .

. +   12  &2
  .#
 35 J  !+E
 !  


! 
 !
 ! ?

F
 :7
 &2

.5 J D  6+  &+


 .  .   >% V&2=  .2=  (306)  (2006)  ?
 ! J4

Z  % 7 # D  6+  &+


 O
   ! !7 !9  &P#

6
&( !
 !$
 = .#
 ) V2 (126) 5
 % (%41)

&+
 O
 &4
 &+ #
!2# 
 . !
 6 #$

! J !  C !#%


 ! <
  C !#%
 ! <
 (2008) #
 ! J5

!$
 8 !7
 &+
  ? ?
5 * !7
 !$
 ()


  5 )* !
 & ! (
Q) >% .  ' () "
 ()

53
M#  
 
 (93,3) ' ) ( '#

"# J !   &? :8 8 ?


&

! (
Q) >% M#  
 (93,3) 


!+E
 J . !  &+
 ! &?

:8 8 D
6 ! !
 !+E

! ! + ! . & ! )* !+E


 )

(]

. &+
  "# "#5 7 . >8 J !#%
 E . '
 (293) ! J6Trueman &

 
 "
 !
  "
 !
 Hartley(1996)

  45 B9  5 '  E


 J

P$ !
 "
  
 <% E
 . &+


'


  3 '7< '  ! &+
  J  .#
 F  . (102) ! J7Barling &

* !
 G%4 5 5  "# 3^  .
&
 6 Others(1996)

54
.#
 D
!
   

&+
  &? "
 . 72 .
 . #
 J 5 . 
 . E
'  (522) ! J8Adams & Jex

*Q . <5  P4 !5  . .   (1999)

&+
  &? .  .

6 &+
  &? ?5 6 
  J

<5 #9 7



 *

 ?+ 5  "# .2= 


  .8 J .  !2=  '2=  (167) ! J9Green &

3  ?# ?32 6


I%$ !2#  ! &+ !<E< "# Skinner(2005)

?? &% + .#


 35 .5 . 
 5 J

&?  ! &  ?7#  &+


  

&+
 

!2< & 
. 
 3(K* 64  .5  4 J C
  . '$  (524) ! J10Gerald(2007)

 
 !#
% "
  $
 !P &+
     !(  !


?

  P4 . 


55
>
<
 ---$2


(&38 !7
) !
 !?

# 2  &E= J4%  )   " &E= B=E 45 B  

 4E )   :0 (2  B@ )  M  # 8 &E=

:J4 L
& =E )  .    B,  ! =,0  

:!
 B?

2(   E=  " . @ +, #),  )E=  Q" < 7,   

#& % &   &E% &  "   &@( &E= "E= . " #2(  )  % 85 $ 

&( &E=  )%     # "=! = H?  85 $  N= )E%    

 J4 9 E  5 $ 2 "    ",  85 $ 345 @ H? 

@       #Q!  FL  ", +,  8  : =@  2 BL

.  ! =,0 


, Q  .  BL  #"   O ?  @  2

.9 "   M   (L B,  SPSS   0

:!
 6

56
. #   )    ; =   % 2    2   %

(
)  %  B% )5 # "@ )    "E$    B7  % +L7   

N$  (1400)  @   % 345 )   O  V +, .() (Q )

&E$  (350) (zain.com) (


) % ) E$  &E$  (850) 2( 
 E$ 

() % ) E$  &E$  (200) (orange.jo) (  Q ) % ) E$ 

.)  ; = ;  %  " % K % %    . ( #(umniah.com)

:!
 !

@ .5   . 2    %10 M  2  7     .

<      ) 0 E$     2


. ( #! 

:)  , 

(2) .( B 

 % ,   2


O   % Q  % 


%  

140 20 35 85 

57
:!
 & 5

 % )   : 9  ) (  8' 7 K@ 8 <   

#(   )5 ;   < @ #   )     ; = ;

.  : 9  (  <  ( #(  A #(  .$

  )  @    $   BL   8  ' . (

. #  : (  8' =  ! ( 2? . +, #  : < (  8' 7

.@ (5)    "  =  %   B% < " Y =

: &< ,$

V     84   %,    <  8  7,   (

  : 9  ) (  8' 7 K @ 8 :L 9  %X  #%, (5) .5

Y = L .%, ."  % #   )     ; = ;  % )

:   9 < .%, %,   J4% #, @ L  %4 # M 

(  <  ( (  A (  .$ (   ) )5 8]  ; 

58
:   9 #  : 9  ) (  8' 7 K@ )  (  : 9 

.,  B  @   9 #A  4 B  @E

 $,L 
% +, # ;  %,  $,L 4 .  8 8 ' 

#M :   +,  @E  M Y = B 8 ) @E  Q N4, <

 % #@ (5)   % )! " "% (   K @ =  8  +,

K @ =  8 #@ (5)   % )! " "% (  .$ K @ =  8

K @ =  8  % #@ (5)   % )! " "%  (  A

: 9  K @ =  8  , ) #@ (5)   % (  <  (

(2 .( ,) .@ (10)   %  

:!
 &P

 ( (  A (  .$ (   )5 3=  #(  8' :B@  M 

.(  <

. )   ; = ;  % )   : 9  :2  M 

2  M  B@  M 

(  8'

 W

  : 9  .$ W

59
A W

 ( W

:!9$%( !



); 0 : =,0   .  7,   ( " ?    !   \

:)  NX  4

    )  2
  @,  (Kolmogorov-Smirnov)  ' W1

  !   0 B     ,0  ,    W2

  5

.  K @  7   %X  Cronbach Alpha B  W3

@   M   7X  K @ J4 #    ,0 B, W4

. 

:) P K @ &@  3, . 4 : 7 9  W5

B  < , B  <  ,


WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW = !E B 
   

1W5
WWWWWW = !E B 
3

60
2,33  B( 1  E 9   % J4

3,66 2,33    9 

7%X 3,67  2E  9 

:!
 &3

:)5    =  :0    4E .

  )    ; =   % 2  ) B7   2  =, -1

. "@ )    "E$    B7  % +L7    .  #

:    &@  8  ' -2

.@    $  < OL0 W

.  "  =  8  ' W

.! " "  = H = < ,  8  7 = :' WG

61
6
 $2


?+ !--
 B9--

 8    # ,  "' = )  Q!  &? B=E 45 B  

: 9  ) (  8' 7 < N    , +, # ",     2

E$  $ "  #   )     ; = ;  % )  

)  Q!   )  # <   0    ) 0

: "' =

: &< ,$

:  ' < 8 ( 8; J  %   ; @(    2 < 8 ( 8 < B =,

< 8;   7,   ( J4 . 8      7  #&    7  '

 7  @,  . #   G   & (30)   %  7  

  E S  %   ' +, (Cronbach Alpha) E S  % )   ; @

62
@  J    ; 8 ( <'  5 #9 <' 8@  E :    <

 8  7  @,  . 7  @ 


 (Alpha) B  a J4  ?' #K @

 .Y < . 7     < (Cronbach Alpha) K @   #@ 34"

(  @   ,   % (Alpha)    .@ F =  (   (   .

.(3) B  $ . ; .  8; @  + ,  )  @ (Alpha > 0.60)

(3) B 

( E S  %)  ;    )   ;  7 B 

( E) (   .(

88.2 (   1

89 (  .$ 2

86 (  A 3

85.4 (  <  ( 4

88.8 (  8'

83.9   : 9  5

88.3 B%%  ;

63
8; 8(  )  7 B   8 = 8; 2  < 345  7 L  B

. Y @, <

: 9$%( #%#
&
 !3E . ,7%
  

Kolmogorov-)   : . @  Q!   ?   @,  Y

< &  7* ( )  ! =,; L%        @,  J4 #(Smirnov

K% .    ) )  2


   ; 45   #  ?   Q! 

< A (  ; @E )  #  @   M   N


   X J4

.(4) B  H?  5 % # " *    +,  B, 85 $ E

(4) B 

 M  )  2




  Sig. * Kolmogorov Smirnov M  .(

)  2
 2  0.247 1.022 (   1

)  2
 2  0.173 1.106 (  .$ 2

)  2
 2  0.547 0.798 (  A 3

64
)  2
 2  0,163 1,119 (  <  ( 4

)  2
 2  0.429 0.875   : 9  5

.0.05 < ; 9   % 4' &  2


  % *

2  % M  2    7%X (0.05) ; 9   B  <' $

9  5 (0.05)   %  ; B% )  2


   % +, .)  2


. 34" ! =,;   )  

:!
 !#95 . !(

4/5   L Z ; ; = ; O ( ) (  8' 5 9   :B ; B*

: E !;    <' A !


 7,   ( B*

Z ; ; = ; O ( ) ) (   5 9   :B ; ) E B*

 ,;  ,     B% 7,     B* 45   L

.(5) B  H?  5 % #7; 9  8@E 5 # 

(5) B 

(    7; 9     ,;  ,   

9  5   N,;   (   5 9  .(

65
;7 8@E   ) ,

)*)( "'& $!%"!  " -./ 01 .),


 2E 5 0.62 4.16 "'8!* "( " 34 5 ",'",2), 1
<;'9!:,
()(FE" ), ",C5. " B:@?!>,
 2E 3 0.67 4.26 2
 K8 I G"'&01 ." $!%
),Q I& O!P 01(/< L,M
 2E 4 0.58 4.24 (: ",C5 L KQ& $!%" 01 3
",C5. "85 ;,R,
& $!%" 85",2 01; 9"95ST5
 2E 2 0.66 4.31 "(V "?8 -./;,R "&9% 4
"9/ M 5
& O!P(F K " G5W&$!%
 2E 1 0.61 4.35 5
" -./ (/,Q) 01 . KQ " 01

0.63 4.26   .    N,; ) ,

  /5 9 / /@        ' <' (5) .( B

  (  (   B , 


F= " 8@ < ;   ) :  @ .

< V /  .  ) ,    <  5 (4.35) V ) ,   "(  8' ,

)/!L /  (   " 8@E =,  #(0.61) V   N, #(4.26

66
/5 (4.31) ) /,    7   < "  ?  
' < E @

, " 8@ =, .(0.66)   N, (4.26) V  )% ) ,    < 

+/, / /7 7   < "(    B, .5  54E   . "    

N, (4.26) V  )% ) ,     )5 (4.26) V ) ,   5;

 , ) . " B   0 ) ?' ( F= .5 " 8@ :  .(0.67)  

(4.24) V/ ) ,   5; +,      < " 5


'  . " ( 

8/@ =, .(0.58)   N, (4.26) V  )% ) ,    < )5

     < "(  8' , <   (   B , 
F= "

(4.26) V /  )% ) ,    < )5 (4.16) V ) ,   5; +,

.(0.62)   N,

/*  5 #& E   % (    .  ) ,    $,L . B%

.(     <    8( 9

Z ; ; = ; O ( ) ) (  .$ 5 9   :) 7 ) E B*

 ,;  ,     B% 7,     B* 45   L

.(6) B  H?  5 % #7; 9  8@E 5 # 

(6) B 

(  .$  7; 9     ,;  ,   

67
9  5   N,;  
(  .$ 5 9  .(
7; 8@E   ) ,

   ,;  (  .$ .5 

2E  3 0.63 4.24 8  (  8' )  1

) 0  

 < :  (  .$ . 


2E  3 0.63 4.24 2
)  B   B  ) 5

(  .$ < . " .@ B

2E  4 0.59 4.21 8' A Q   B? B% 3

(   

F= (  B@ < B

2E  2 0.65 4.31 (   
 H  B 5  4

5  . " 2 B  

: "       L 2?

2E  1 0.64 4.34 B!   , B   B  ) . " 5

(  .$ )  "

68
0.63 4.27 .    N,; ) ,  

.$ 5 9  @        ' <' (6) .( B  

B / )/ . /" : "       L 2? " 8@ < ;   ) :  @ .( 

   <  5 (4.34) V ) ,   "(  .$ )  " B!   , B  

B@ < B " 8@E =,  #(0.64) V   N, #(4.27) V  .  ) ,

</ " /5 / . " 2 B   (   


 H  B 5  F= ( 

(4.27) V /  )/% ) /,    <  5 (4.31) ) ,    7  

8' )     ,;  (  .$ .5 " @E =, .(0.65)   N,

B /  B  ) 5  < :  (  .$ . " ") 0   8  ( 

/   < )5 (4.24) V ) ,   5; +,  7 7   < ") 

</ . " .@ B " 8@ :  .(0.63)   N, (4.27) V  )% ) ,

/ 8/     ) " (    8' A Q   B? B% (  .$

(4.27) V /  )% ) ,    < )5 (4.21) V ) ,   5; +,

.(0.59)   N,

/* / 5 #& E   % (  .$  .  ) ,    $,L . B%

.." (   .$  <    8( 9

69
Z ; ; = ; O ( ) ) (  A 5 9   :+ 7 ) E B*

 ,;  ,     B% 7,     B* 45   L

.(7) B  H?  5 % #7; 9  8@E 5 # 

(7) B 

(  A  7; 9     ,;  ,   

9  5   N,;  


(  A 5 9  .(
7; 8@E   ) ,

 @ @ 
  . 
2E  5 0.59 4.17 1
BX   @ Y BX 

54E   . " H? .5 

2E  4 0.60 4.18  =( , (  A ) 2

Q!  B?

  "  
  .5 
2E  3 0.70 4.27 3
8' ) 4E  .
L (  54E

70
B? B% ( 

) (  B   B@ .5 

2E  1 0.57 4.41 ,,= N5 , (  A 4

B? B%

Q!  <' E ) 4 A  *


2E  2 0.61 4.31 5
$ B (  8' ) B?

0.61 4.27 .    N,; ) ,  

/5 9 / /@        ' <' (7) .( B  

/(  A ) (  B   B@ .5  " 8@ < ;   ) :  @ .(  A

/  / </  /5 (4.41) V ) ,   " B? B% ,,= N5 ,

A/  * " 8@E =,  #(0.57) V   N, #(4.27) V  .  ) ,

) /,    7   < " $ B (  8' ) B? Q!  <' E ) 4

.(0.61)  / N/, (4.27) V /  )/% ) ,    <  5 (4.31)

/(  8' ) 4E  .


L (  54E   "  
  .5  " 8@ =,

 / /5 (4.27) V/ ) ,   5; +,  7 7   < " B? B%

H/? .5  " 8@ :  .(0.70)   N, (4.27) V  )% ) ,  

71
/    < " Q!  B?  =( , (  A ) 54E   . "

V /  )/% ) /,    < )5 (4.18) V ) ,   5; +, 

Y BX   @ @ 


  .  " 8@ =, .(0.60)   N, (4.27)

 < )5 (4.17) V ) ,   5; +,      < " BX   @

.(0.59)   N, (4.27) V  )% ) ,  

/* / 5 #& E   % (  A  .  ) ,    $,L . B%

.(   A  <    8( 9

Z ; ; = ; O ( ) ) (  <  ( 5 9   :2  ) E B*

 ,;  ,     B% 7,     B* 45   L

.(8) B  H?  5 % #7; 9  8@E 5 # 

(8) B 

(  <  ( 7; 9     ,;  ,   

9  5   N,;  


(  <  ( 5 9  .(
7; 8@E   ) ,

 @ (   ( " B7


2E  5 0.62 4.23 1
 : B= , :

72
H,= <' (  <  ( N"
2E  3 0.64 4.31 2
 @  <' K N,0

 ( )
 , . $   


2E  2 0.58 4.34   < N$     3

B? B% (  8' B,

, <  E  ( B


2E  1 0.73 4.36 4
  : 9 

 (  <  (  %  


2E  4 0.66 4.29 5
 4  ( N$  B (

0.64 4.30 .    N,; ) ,  

/5 9 / /@        ' <' (8) .( B  

9 / , <  E  ( B " 8@ < ;   ) :  @ .(  <  (

#(4.30) V /  .  ) ,    <  5 (4.36) V ) ,   "   :

/    ( )
 , . $   
" 8@E =,  #(0.73) V   N,

) /, /  / 7   < " B? B% (  8' B,   < N$ 

.(0.58)  / N/, (4.30) V /  )/% ) ,    <  5 (4.34)

73
</ "  @  <' K N,0 H,= <' (  <  ( N" " 8@ =,

)% ) ,    <  5 (4.31) V ) ,   5; +,  7 7  

/ (  <  (  %   " 8@ :  .(0.64)   N, (4.30) V 

)5 (4.29) V ) ,   5; +,      < "  4  ( N$  B (

B7 " 8@ =, .(0.66)   N, (4.30) V  )% ) ,    <

5; +,      < "  : B= , :  @ (   ( "

N/, (4.30) V /  )/% ) ,    < )5 (4.23) V ) ,  

.(0.62)  

/ /5 #& E   % (  <  ( .  ) ,    $,L . B%

.   $ "  (  <  ( 5 9 *

.(  80    ,;  ,    H?  (9) B 

(9) B 

(  80    ,;  ,   

N,;  
8@E 5   (  8' .(
  ) ,

3 0.63 4.26 (   1

74
2 0.63 4.27 (  .$ 2

2 0.61 4.27 (  A 3

1 0.64 4.30 (  <  ( 4

Z ; ; = ; O ( )   : 9   :) 7 B*

 ,;  ,     B% 7,     B* 45   L

.(10) B  H?  5 % #   : 9  8@E 5 # 

(10) B 

  : 9     ,;  ,   

: 9  5   N,;  


  : .(
  8@E   ) ,

: 2 N$  )E :0  @ 



2E  7 0.58 4.25 1
  : 9   A 

2E  3 0.54 4.32 : 9   E   , .5  2

75
2 N" N,0   )  

: 9 

  B% N$  : 9  7X 


2E  9 0.58 4.18 3
(  ,  80


0 (  
 , . $ B
2E  8 0.64 4.24 4
  : 9  2 <

   : 2 <  80 B


2E  5 0.60 4.29 5
(  8' < ."  BL

9 ) 0   ,  80 ) 


2E  2 0.58 4.37 6
."! 9  2 2    

: 9  2 ) (   .5 


2E  4 0.60 4.31 7
 

)  B  ] )
B   B  , .5 
2E  6 0.56 4.26 8
  : 9  2 ) N$  "*

: 9  2 ) (  A .5 


2E  8 0.61 4.24 9
 

76
: 9  2 ) (  <  ( .5 
2E  1 0.60 4.40 10
 

0.59 4.29 .    N,; ) ,  

. / :X @         ' <' (10) B  

N,a/ #........... 4.40 /   : M   ,    ,  +,

/,  80 / /  B% N$  : 9  7X  " 8@E 4.18 #0.60 V  

V /   / : .  ) ,   2  @ 0.58 V   N, "( 

.4.29

 *  5 #& E   %   : .  ) ,    $,L . B%

.&  %    % )   :

:!
 &4  

/" 
% , # E   ?   <   45 ) 7,  

/,;   .  BL    ?   B ( 9   < 8@E 345

:) % J4 #   

77
(HO1) < ; ! ?E

; 9     : 9  ) (  80 ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05)

80 B/ , 7  @,    ,; B, .  . ?E 345  ;

)/ H/?  /5 % #  ; ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) ( 

.(11) B 

(11) B 

  ; ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  8' 7   Q! 

Sig.* F (R square)
F (R)
9  B  , B    
   ;
; ,;  , 

9  ) (  8' 7
0.000 2.275 3.84 53.814 0.281 0.530
 % )   :

78
  ; ; = ;

; =/ ;  %/ )   : 9  ) (  8' 7 (11) B  H? 

(  80 ! =,' ; 4 7   )! =,0 B,  Q!  "$ +, .  ;

R  / ; B/  V/ 4' #  ; ; = ;  % )   : 9  )

A/ ( /   #(0.281) V/ @ R2 ,  B   .( 0.05) 9   (0.530)

/ Q    ; ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) M   (0.281)

 < 45 #(2.275) 7X   ( M % #(  8a .  50 9  ) M 

)   : 9  ) 8 


<' * (  8a .  50 9  ) 8,  8 


 /, F /( 7 45   %* .(2.275) @   ; ; = ;  %

/M    F ( 2  @ ( 0.05) 9    )5 (53.814) M ) 

B/ @ E=/ ?E  A #! ?E B ( ,= . %* 45 .(3.84)

35 D - - &-+


 8 !-  !
(  <5   :< F )    ?E

.(0.05) !
( D   ! #
 ! &($( &  .#


79
.@ . #  : 9  ) (  8' M   M  B% 7  @, 

B%  ;   ,; B, .  . #   ?   <' ! ?E

:) % #8, <   ?

(HO1-1) < ;  E ?E

 %/ )/  / : 9  ) (    ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05) ; 9      ; = ;

/ /7  /  @,    ,; B,   .  ?E 345  ;

H/?  5 % #   ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (   

.(12) B  )

(12) B 

   ; = ;  % )   : 9  < (   7   Q! 

Sig* DF F B R2 R

9    , B  B  B    
F

; ,    ,; ,   ;

80
1 (   7

: 9  <
138

0.005 3.84 8.065 3.935 0.055 0.235 )  

139 ; = ;  %

  

( 0.05) 9   ! =,' ; 4 7X   % *

; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (   7 (12) B  H? 

 ! =,' ; 4 7   )! =,; B,  Q!  "$ +, .  

 ; B  V 4' #   ; = ;  % )   : 9  < ( 

(0.055) A (    #(0.055) V R2 , B  #( 0.05) 9   (0.235) R

) M   Q     ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) M  

8 
  ) 45 #(3.935) 7X   ( M % #(   5 9 

 % )   : 9  ) 8 


<' * (   9  ) 8, 

M )   , F ( 7; 45   %* .(3.935) @    ; = ;

45 #(3.84) M    F (   % #( 0.05) 9    )5 (8.065)

B @ () E= ?E  A #< ;  E ?E B ( ,= . %*

81
 .#
 35 "# &+
  
!  !
(  <5   :< F )    ?E

(0.05) !
( D   ! #
 ! &($( &

(HO1-2)  7  E ?E

 %/ )/  / : 9 / ) (  .$  ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05) ; 9      ; = ;

/ /7  /  @,    ,; B,   .  ?E 345  ;

H/?  /5 % #   ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  .$ 

.(13) B  )

(13) B 

   ; = ;  % )   : 9  < (  .$ 7   Q! 

Sig* DF F B R2 R
  
9    , B  B  B 
F

82
; ,    ,; ,   ;

1 (  .$ 7

: 9  <
138

0.000 3.84 30.435 2.853 0.181 0.425 )  

139 ; = ;  %

  

( 0.05) 9   ! =,' ; 4 7X   % *

 ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  .$ 7 (13) B  H? 

< (  .$  ! =,' ; 4 7   )! =,; B,  Q!  "$ +, . 

(0.425) R  ; B  V 4' #   ; = ;  % )   : 9 

 (0.181) A (    #(0.181) V R2 , B  #( 0.05) 9  

) M   Q     ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) M 

 8 
  ) 45 #(2.853) 7X   ( M % #(  .$ 5 9 

; = ;  % )   : 9  ) 8 


<' * (  .$ 9  ) 8,

(30.435) M )   , F ( 7; 45   %* .(2.853) @   

. %* 45 #(3.84) M    F (   % #( 0.05) 9    )5

83
?E B @ () E= ?E  A # 7  E ?E B ( ,=

 .#
 35 D   &+
 =
!  !
(  <5   :< F )   

(0.05) !
( D   ! #
 ! &($( &

(HO1-3) 7 7  E ?E

 %/ )/  / : 9 / ) (  A  ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05) ; 9      ; = ;

/ /7  /  @,    ,; B,   .  ?E 345  ;

) H?  5 % #   ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  A 

.(14) B 

(14) B 

   ; = ;  % )   : 9  < (  A 7   Q! 

Sig* DF F B R2 R
  
9    , B  B  B 
F

84
; ,    ,; ,   ;

1 (  A 7

: 9  <
138

0.000 3.84 32.709 2.827 0.192 0.438 )  

139 ; = ;  %

  

( 0.05) 9   ! =,' ; 4 7X   % *

; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  A 7 (14) B  H? 

(  A  ! =,' ; 4 7   )! =,; B,  Q!  "$ +, .  

R  ; B  V 4' #   ; = ;  % )   : 9  <

(0.192) A (    #(0.192) V R2 , B  #( 0.05) 9   (0.438)

) M   Q     ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) M  

 8 
  ) 45 #(2.827) 7X   ( M % #(  A 5 9 

; = ;  % )   : 9  ) 8 


<' * (  A 9  ) 8,

(32.709) M )   , F ( 7; 45   %* .(2.827) @   

. %* 45 #(3.84) M    F (   % #( 0.05) 9    )5

85
?E B @ () E= ?E  A #7 7  E ?E B ( ,=

 .#
 35 D   &+
 G 
!  !
(  <5   :< F )   

(0.05) !
( D   ! #
 ! &($( &

(HO1-4)    E ?E

 %/ )   : 9  ) (  <  ( ! =,' ; 4 7   ;"

."(0.05) ; 9      ; = ;

/ /7  /  @,    ,; B,   .  ?E 345  ;

/5 /% #   ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  <  (

.(15) B  ) H? 

(15) B 

 ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  <  ( 7   Q! 

 

86
Sig* DF F B R2 R

9    , B  B  B    
F

; ,    ,; ,   ;

1 <  ( 7

< ( 
138

: 9 
0.000 3.84 40.526 2.704 0.227 0.476
 % )  
139
 ; = ;

 

( 0.05) 9   ! =,' ; 4 7X   % *

 % )   : 9  ) (  <  ( 7 (15) B  H? 

! =,' ; 4 7   )! =,; B,  Q!  "$ +, .   ; = ;

B  V 4' #   ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) (  <  (

A (    #(0.227) V R2 , B  #( 0.05) 9   (0.476) R  ;

 Q     ; = ;  % )   : 9  ) M   (0.227)

) 45 #(2.704) 7X   ( M % #(  <  ( 5 9  ) M 

87
  : 9  ) 8 
<' * (  <  ( 9  ) 8,  8 
 

 , F ( 7; 45   %* .(2.704) @    ; = ;  % )

M    F (   % #( 0.05) 9    )5 (40.526) M ) 

E= ?E  A #   E ?E B ( ,= . %* 45 #(3.84)

&+
 "# !+#
!  !
(  <5   :< F )    ?E B @ ()

(0.05) !
( D   ! #
 ! &($( &  .#
 35 "#

C
 $2


&$ 
 &8

88
) $   < :e   " = )     0 B=E 45 ? 

)   )! =,0 B,   8 @  Q!  <'  ?' #$  0    

)  # "!   ",      7,   (   "' B=  .

:J4 &,?

&8 :( 5

 (W(  A W(  .$ W(   ) (  8' =  2E  7 J 5 W1

.  : 9  2 < ((  <

.(  8' , B .5  (   B , 


F=  W2

B% (  .$ ) B   B  ) . " : "       L 2? .5  W3

.B?

.B? B% ,,= N5 , (  A ) (  B   B@ .5  W4

.  : 9  , <  E  ( B W5

.(  ,  80   B% N$  : 9  7X  W6

&$ 
 :' <

:   =  +,  ( # ,  "' = )  Q!  : ? )

89
B% N$   "L .  (  8' B  ) E$      @ W

.M 4" "? .  ==  Q BL  A ( 8' < )

)  8 
8  M  =  3 B7 & 7 ' (   7  < B W

.$   @7  &:


 H = = 45 5X   80 9

." %  = )  B .  % (  8'   .    . ( 8 ? W

 7    , #(  ) N? 8 @  @ ,   %  345 B,

.  \ 8,  (   




)  <? ( 4' $ =     H!  ) $ 8 ' < B W

F@ .  X% #(  8' =  2 $   H!      B ,

.O   ( (  B    , % 4'   0 (

9  ( < 7    :' #(  8'     


 :' W

. 34" "  @

:6
 !9+

!
 6
 :(' 5

90
 %  .  #C2
 # .( (1985)    #.5 ' W

 % #P  E  @7 )  K #(86) .(

 %
 !# #3  A5 :; 8 (2006) ,  #  W

2006/2/16   #1463  #.




  #?+ .%


   :&+
  . (.)   #  W

  #2
     %;

 .#
 6
   35 "# <K
  
 (1999) # #. ( G , W

#  BI   8  Y      ..(  .N


 &

. #E

.1  #%0 #   #!


  
  (2001)   #, W

OE( !#
 ! =
 :&+ #
!
 ( (2000) , ,? W

#2
  J  #  !

 $  !#
 !+
  


85 @

.  #   % 8! # 


 3 
 (2003) B= #, W

91
&K K . C  :8  !=  (1991) J  # % W

 @7   =  #, ,  # 8 


.85 @ # 

 2
  ,_
 "
 
 
 :&
  (2000) .% # ? W

85 @ #L;

#8L %;  #&+


  &5 (1999)  % #  W

  #1  #  % 

:8 &? !  *<5 &+


  ! (2008) " #) W

8  = !? . ! <


 !#%
 C  D
8

     #!7
 !$
 # .#
 C
  !


% % #9@ .   #   % #8  Y

) O 0 % #&+


  (2004) , #)    #  W

   7 L

92
!=%  C
  D
&+
  (2004) C  # W

#   % #8  Y      #! 


 !
 !#
  &7


  

2  #0 N   %  # 8  


 (2005) , #)= W

%0 #   , *

  #8  Y      #3 !9


 .(2000)   #  W

.; #  #

 $ ) : < 37 )  ;   (2007) , #
  W

.B  :
 .!2=
 > %
 !## #L0 

57   ;  ( (2005)  , # % N  #N  W

#!#
 > %
 &#
. ! !# . $ :   8 
<

W83 F F #2005 (4)  (27)    @  = (; .  

92

93
#. #  $5 ` :!8 !#
 (2007)  I ? #)   W


  2/ 

&= "# 


 :&+
   
 B?
 (2008) * #B?E W

  #   #!8 

  % #!( &+E


 
 ! # (1984) ), = #)? @ W

85 @ #=

  #!%


 !$ #

 &
 (/51422) , .5  #@ W

  #   

.   # 8 2


  !<% &* (2007) C  #[( W

48W46 F F #35  #   , 0

.8=     ) : 8' 0  ( (2008)  X #O ( W

2008/7/19   #353  #! 


 
 !2%$

 #  N  :`


 3 4 "# 7
 (2001) E  #) % W

.   @7

94
 #; B  #&+
 ! = . (.1995) % # % W

  #< ;   #.     #   


%

,G 
 ,=
 , 
 :*2 C5 ( ` (1999) ) # = W

85 @ #  B     V!+




#!
 (  
  P4 "# &+
  < (2003)  " #K  W

K  #      " #8  Y     

 #
 8  .#
 D
&+
  7 (2006)  # " W

  #    % #8  Y      #!#2


 &


8
Y #L0

2
  ,7
 &+  !( &%
 (2001) .5 ' #<, W

85 @ #L; 

&K#
8 3 .%
   
 (2006) . "' # , W

     .!9 


 !$


! 6
 :'<

95
- Adams, G.A., Jex, S.M. (1999), "Relationships between time

management, control, work-family conflict, and strain", Journal

of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 4, No. (1) pp.72-77

- Barling, J., Kelloway, K., and Cheung, D. (1996) Time

Management and Achievement Striving Interact to Predict

Car Sales Performance. American Psychological Association.

- Drucker, Peter (1985) Innovation: The Agenda for American

Business, The Institute for Innovation, February.

- Gerald, E. (2006) The relationship between uses of time

management techniques and sources of stress among public

school superintendents in Missouri, Saint Louis University

- Green, P., Skinner, D. (2005), "Does time management training

work: an evaluation", International Journal of Training and

Development, Vol. 9, No. (2), pp.124-39

- Norme ISO 9000 (2000), System managment, principles

essncials. P. 4

- Truman, M. and Hartley, J. (1996) A comparison between the

time-management skills and academic performance of mature

96
and traditional-entry university students, Kluwer Academic

Publishers.

&8 6+  :'<


<

- http//:www.zain.com

- http://www.orange.jo

- http://www.umniah.com

,---%E


97
(1) .( ,

 ?  ; .%,  :

*) +, -.

,5/ 9W,:"[8 E(." $Y,Y ",!.W ,'YE "(' G,"28\5

,5/ 9W,:"[8 E(." $Y,Y ",!.W ,'YE "('  (5F"@5!W

98
,5/ 9W,:"[8 E(." $Y,Y ",!.W ,'YE "(' , 8"(W

9W,:"*)' ; 9E;!9 ,5/ ,'YE "(' _)( I",Y

9W,:"*)' ; 9E;!9 ,5/ "(' (`/" *)*W"@(

(2) .( ,

  

  8    ,     8  8



 @

99
 12/0

()*) .1"'& $!%"!  "01 .


-./), "'8!* "( "34 5
",'",2), <;'9!:,

.2 ()(FE" ), ",C5. " B:


@?!> K ,8 I G"'&$!%
"01 .

,Q) .3 I& O!P 01L,M


<(/ (: ",C5 LKQ
"85 ",C5. " 01 &$!%
;,R,

IQ') .4& $!%" 85",2 01;9


"(V" 95ST5 "?8 -./;,R
"& 9%"9/ M 5

.5& O!P(F K "G5W


& -./ (/,Q) 01 ." $!%KQ
" 01

 -34/0

,Q) .6 I@ I!b" K!2 01


c'!,:, " L 9!.5W " 01
8,/ " B;,R<;;,Q

I') .7@ I!b" ,@2 01 -./9:

100
E(: L 9!5 ,5/E "! 

G5W) .8 I!QV",C5 -./@I!b


" Gg[",2 01e'@) ,5 GfLE
h@/ 01 ." 9./,L

.9" -./ G5W G!.V" 01


i!') G:,/ " ,5" OP&5
" K ()*5" j G,W'." 01",C5
9!",/E9!5

.10,T/ jM  (!/
;',C ",C5. (: L ,5/E (
" GS,Y" L 9,C@ I!b" 01

 5/0

I') .11"' K!2 *!!5"8V "9.2,V


" G!:k'. 8!l"G!:k'." 9.2,V

,Q) .12 I i!M",C5 " .%5


@?!> L , h!:" F; 018P1
"8% GfL"@'eS,

.13,Q I" 5; K!2 9"95C5


" .%5 @?!> ," 01"T
" L >!?@'. " Gg[2 01GfL

,Q) .14 I G!.V,5/E " 9!1


E( L h!:" F; 01

101
" Gg[2 9F!FPGfL

_) .15 "' h!:"> "8?. "-


;' eS, L GfL " 01G
"95b@5


70/0

.16'8 95C Go5 9`1" 01


,V52; 9E ",FE,2 G
"$%&5

.17(C " -./ 92,18" 01"-


i!FP<;8F "! r"8L -
",VW

()*) .18 : ;,b L *L


" 9!./,L K 92,18"-./ 34 5
8 s!`% G " Gg[2 01
GfL

.19 G5W" 92,18"?-./ 9./,


'Q K!QF "K!.,W

BR) .20 g "-./ 92,18


" G`1 K 01" 34 5 92,1!9

<, ) 8

()*) .21,V < "?.W


" j 34 5.E "K h" $%&5

102
 'Q "K!.,W

,Q) .22 I ()(F,`Y ;&?,


 'Q "9R",W L K!.,W
<;8F (C2 'Q jL E

k') .23 'Q 8 "34 5


,` Gg[2<,2 8 "@9F:,
"01 .

,b; G5W) .24 " F *L"85`$


01 2<;,R -./ 'Q jL
"K!.,W

.25 G5W< " -/ ,!.WjL


" K K!.,WT ()`IC
-./ " 01

.268 /< "@ 9F:,"B;,R


<;(" ;,Q " '",2 K!.,Wj sL
'Q jL ICS

,Q) .27 I& $!%" L 01jL


 'Q "K!.,W

,Q) .28 I(: ()(F ,5/


@ ",5/u "' )_) ,C"34 5
L 'Q jL "K!.,W

,Q) .29 I h!:" L 01jL

103
 'Q "K!.,W

.30,Q I" -./ 92,18" L 01


'Q jL "K!.,W

104

You might also like