3/8/2017

Rotifera and the

Lophophorates

ZOO 3
Dr. Eleanor Aurellado

Rotifera and Lophophorates

Calcarea
and Silicea

ANCESTRAL Cnidaria
PROTIST
Eumetazoa

Common Lophotrochozoa
ancestor of
all animals
Ecdysozoa
Bilateria

Deuterostomia

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Rotifera belongs to Gnathifera

Clade possessing cuticular jaws

Phylum Rotifera (rotifers)

wheel animalcules
Ciliated crown called
corona
Microscopic
Body divided into 3:
Head
Trunk
Foot

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Rotifers
Pseudocoelomate
Complete gut
Pharynx (mastax) with jaws (trophi)
Protonephridia Jaws Crown
of cilia

Anus
Stomach 0.1 mm

Rotifers
Syncytial epidermis
with lorica
Eutelic (constant
number of nuclei)
Mostly freshwater
May be benthic or
pelagic

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Class Seisonidea
Vermiform body with reduced corona
Epizoic on gills of marine crustacean
(Nebalia)
Paired ovaries
Reproduce sexually

Seison nebaliae

Class Bdelloidea
Paired ovaries with
vitellaria
Parthenogenetic (no
males)
Females produce
diploid eggs
Can undergo
cryptobiosis
Philodina

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Class Monogononta
Largest class
(~1600 species)
One ovary and
vitellarium
Dioecious but males
present in only a few
days or weeks each
year

Brachionus

Monogonont life cycle

Alternates between
amictic
(parthenogenetic)
and mictic (sexual)
reproduction
Environmental
stimuli haploid
egg production
Fertilized eggs from
the mictic cycle lie
dormant

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P. Acanthocephala
(spiny-headed worms)
Intestinal parasites of vertebrates
Proboscis with recurved spines; no jaws
Syncytial tegument and no digestive tract
Highly modified rotifers (Syndermata)

Phylum Gnathostomulida
(jaw worms)
< 2mm
Live in interstitial
spaces of fine
coastal sediments
Monociliated
epidermal cells

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Phylum Micrognathozoa
Live interstitially (in
between sand
grains)
Unique ventral
adhesive ciliary pad
that produces glue
Limnognathia
3 pairs of complex
jaws

Lophophorates
Possess ciliated feeding tentacles called
lophophore

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Lophophorates
Formerly classified under deuterostomes
Radial cleavage
Tripartite coelom (protocoel, mesocoel,
metacoel)

Lophophorates
Tentacles hollow
and contain
extensions of
mesocoel
U-shaped gut
Anus outside ring of
tentacles
Aquatic and sessile

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Lophophorates
Ectoprocta or Bryozoa
Phoronida
Brachiopoda

Lophophore

Lophophore

Ectoprocts Phoronids Brachiopods

Phylum Phoronida
(horseshoe worms)
Secrete chitinous
tubes
Marine sandy
habitats
Closed circulatory
system without heart
Actinotroch larva

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Phylum Bryozoa
(moss animals)
Colonial Each member is
Mostly marine and small (<0.5 mm) &
encrusting hard called a zooid
surfaces

Bryozoa
Exoskeleton can be
chitinous,
calcareous or
gelatinous
No circulatory and
excretory systems
Bryostatins may
have anti-cancer
properties

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Phylum Brachiopoda
(lamp shells)
Superficially
resemble clams
because of two
shell valves (dorsal
and ventral)
Pedicel used for
attachment

Lingula

Brachiopoda
Abundant in the
Paleozoic
Lingula (relatively
unchanged since
505 mya)
2 Classes
Inarticulata.
Unhinged shells
Articulata. Hinged
shells

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Christopher E. Laumer, Nicolas Bekkouche, Alexandra Kerbl, Freya Goetz, Ricardo C. Neves, Martin V. Srensen, Reinhardt M.
Kristensen, Andreas Hejnol, Casey W. Dunn, Gonzalo Giribet, Katrine Worsaae
Spiralian Phylogeny Informs the Evolution of Microscopic Lineages

null, Volume 25, Issue 15, 2015, 20002006

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.068

Phylum Cycliophora
Found in bristles of
lobster mouthparts
Mouth surrounded
by a ring of cilia
U-shaped gut
Has extremely
complex life cycle
100 m
Pandora larva

Symbion pandora

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