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Assignment on

Phylum ctenophora
Subject

Invertebrate zoology

Submitted to

Sir Muhammad yunas salar

Submitted by

Muhammad Jan roll no 13

Student of BS Zoology 3rd semester SBBU

Sharingal sub campus Wari

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Table of Contents
Phylum cteniphora ...........................................................................................................1
Habits .............................................................................................................................3
Locomotion .....................................................................................................................4
Feeding .....................................................................................................................4
Nervous system ...............................................................................................................5
Reproduction ...................................................................................................................5
 Asexual ................................................................................................................5
Sexual reproduction. ...................................................................................................6
Ecology ............................................................................................................................6
Classification....................................................................................................................6
Class nada ....................................................................................................................6
Class tentacula.................................................................................................................7
Phylogeny ........................................................................................................................7
Human impact .................................................................................................................7
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Phylum ctenophore
Habits
 Ctenophore means to bear a comb

 First was described in 1600 as a kind of jelly fish.

 These are the small groups of free swimming.

 These are the planktons marine animal with transperents

delicate and gelatinous bodies.

 Commonly known as sea walnuts.

 About 50 species are present.

 These are abundant in coastal areas.

 515 million year old fossil founded.

 They considered as the oldest group.

 All are marine.

 Most Are spherical in shape.

 No polymorphism.

 Few are compressed and elongated ribbon shape.

 Some are pink and orange in color.

 Some are coastal but some are in deeper water.

 These have no stinging cells instead of have cohesive cells

for getting food.
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 They have spasipec feature of 8 rows of comb plates of

cilia extend from mouth to aboral end.

 2 long tentacle.

 .Similar to cnidaria.

 Posses outer epidermis.

 Posses inner gastrodermis layer of collenchymas.

Locomotion
 They use vertical ciliated plates for locomotion.

 Its work like a wave which start from aboral end.

 These have a muscle layers derived from mesoderms.

Feeding
 Most are carnivores.
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 Some are small crustacean and some are zooplankton.

 They have no nematocyst instead they have tentacles

with coloblasts.

 These cells are stimulated by prey.

 Others cast out tanticles like fishing nets .

 Tentacles accumulate prey which wiped across the

mouth.

 Some of these are parasitic.

 Comb jelly have complete digestive tarct.

 Most of these have thorax inside mouth.

Excretion

 They have specialized cells for excretion.

 These cells are called rosette cells.

 They have the ability to extend cilia into mesoglea to

collect wastes.

Nervous system
 They have more sophisticated nervous system with brain
and synapsis for cell to cell communication.

 They have statocyst as a sense ogan for balance.

Reproduction
 Asexual.
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 Asexual reproduction takes placermo.

 Half can regenerate.

 Some are produce by fragmentation.

 Sexual reproduction.
 These are all harmaphrodites.

 In most sperm and egg discharge through mouth.

 External fertilization takes place.

 There larva is called cadippid.

Ecology
 Midlevel in food chain.

 They are plankton.

 So they eaten by some jelly fish and turtles.

Classification
Class nada
 They have two classes.

 The one class nada have no tentacles.

 This is called class nada.

 Example.
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 Beroe.

Class tentacula.
 They possess tentacles.

Phylogeny
 They are originated from radially symmetrical planula
like ansester.

 Modern research indicates that these are the earliest

animal.

 They mean that they were evolved nerves muscles and

other complexity in beginning.

 Later on the lost these feature.

 They may be only surviving in ancient of ediacaran

Biota (635-542 MYA)

Human impact
 Some time cause serious biovision.
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