Chng 2

CC NH LUT C BN PHN
TCH MCH IN
 Cc nh lut Kirrchoff
H phng trnh mch in trong min thi gian
Cc iu kin u gii h phng trnh mch in
bng phng php tch phn
Phng php dng in vng v phng php in p
nt
Bin i Fourrier v h phng trnh mch in trong
min tn s
Bin i Laplace v h phng trnh mch in trong
min tn s phc
Cng thc Havisaid
Phng php ngun tng ng
Phng php xp chng
 nh lut Kirrchoff 1
Tng i s cc dng in trong cc nhnh
ni vo mt nt bng khng

i (t ) = 0
K
k

Chn chiu qui c cho dng in trong cc

nhnh
S phng trnh c lp tuyn tnh vit theo nh
lut Kirrchoff 1 l N-1
 nh lut Kirrchoff 2
Tng i s cc in p trn cc nhnh trong
mt vng kn bng tng i s cc ngun sc
in ng k c ngun dng c chuyn
thnh ngun sc in ng tng ng c
mt trong vng kn
u (t) = e (t)
K
k
K
k

Chn chiu qui c cho vng

S phng trnh c lp tuyn tnh vit theo nh
lut Kirrchoff 2 l M-N+1
 H phng trnh mch in trong
min thi gian
Mt cch tng qut s n cn tm gm:
N dng in ik(t) v
N in p uk(t) trong tt c cc nhnh
Nh vy cn thit lp 2N phng trnh
c lp tuyn tnh bao gm:
N-1 phng trnh theo nh lut Kirrchoff 1
M-N+1 phng trnh theo nh lut Kirrchoff 2
N phng trnh theo nh lut Ohm
 Xc nh cc iu kin u
Lut ng ngt trn cc thng s qun
tnh
Dng in qua thng s in cm phi bin
thin lin tc ngay c ti thi im xy ra t
bin trn cc thng s ca mch in
in p trn cc thng s in dung phi bin
thin lin tc ngay c ti thi im xy ra t
bin trn cc thng s ca mch in
 Xc nh cc iu kin u
Lut ng ngt tng qut
T thng mc vng trn cc thng s in
cm trong mt vng kn phi bin thin lin
tc ngay c ti thi im xy ra t bin trn
cc thng s ca mch in
Tng in tch trong cc thng s in dung
trn cc nhnh ni vo mt nt phi bin
thin lin tc ngay c ti thi im xy ra t
bin trn cc thng s ca mch in
 Phng php dng in vng
Chn cc dng in vng lm n
Thit lp cng thc bin i vng
L
ik (t ) = akl ivl (t )
l =1

1 nhnh k cng chiu vng l

akl = 1 nhnh k nguoc chiu vng l
0 nhnh k khng thuoc vng l

Thay th cc dng in nhnh trong cc phng trnh
theo nh lut Kirrchoff 2 bng cc dng in vng
H phng trnh dng in vng nhn c gm M-
N+1 phng trnh, ng bng s vng c bn
 Phng php in p nt
Chn mt nt lm gc (c in p bng khng)
Thit lp cng thc bin i nt cho tt c cc nhnh

ik (t ) = Yk {u A u B + ek }
Trng hp c hai nhnh c ghp h cm vi nhau,
phi thit lp h phng trnh cho hai nhnh gii v
tm ra quan h gia hai dng in nhnh vi cc
in p nt
Thay th cc dng in nhnh trong cc phng trnh
theo nh lut Kirrchoff 1 theo cng thc bin i nt
H phng trnh in p nt nhn c c s phng
trnh bng N-1
 Nhn xt
Vic gii h phng trnh mch in s d dng
hn khi s n v s phng trnh cng t, v vy
phng php dng in vng v in p nt
thng c s dng
Phng php tch phn gii h phng trnh
vi phn tuyn tnh ch hu dng i vi mch
n gin, ch c mt hoc hai vng, khi mch
phc tp hn cn chuyn h phng trnh mch
in thnh dng h phng i s tuyn tnh
 Bin i Fourrier

Bin i thun S ( ) = s(t ) exp( j )dt

Bin i ngc 1
s(t ) =
2 S () exp( j)d

Bin i F ca
ds(t )
o hm S1 ( ) = FT = jS ( ) s(0)
dt

Bin i F ca 1 0

tch phn S1 ( ) = FT s(t )dt = S ( ) + s(t )dt
j
 H phng trnh mch in trong
min tn s
p dng cc cng thc bin i Fourrier vo
h phng trnh mch in trong min thi
gian chuyn sang min tn s, s thu c
h phng trnh i s tuyn tnh
H phng trnh dng in vng trong min
tn s
ZV ( ) IV ( ) = EV ( )

H phng trnh in p nt trong min tn s

YN ( )U N ( ) = I ngN ( )
 Bin i Laplace

Bin i thun F ( s ) = f (t ) exp( st )dt

0

exp(t ) f (t ) dt <
Bin i ngc 0
+ j
1 1
f (t ) = F ( s ) exp( st )ds
2j 1 j
Bin i L ca
o hm ds (t )
LT = sF ( s ) f (0)
dt

Bin i L ca 1 0

tch phn LT s (t )dt = F ( s ) + s (t )dt
s
 H phng trnh mch in trong
min bin i Laplace
p dng cc cng thc bin i Laplace vo
h phng trnh mch in trong min thi
gian chuyn sang min bin i Laplace,
s thu c h phng trnh i s tuyn tnh
H phng trnh dng in vng trong min
bin i Laplace,
ZV ( s ) IV ( s ) = EV ( s )

H phng trnh in p nt trong min bin

i Laplace,
YN ( s )U N ( s ) = I ngN ( s )
 Cng thc Havisaid
Nghim ca h phng trnh mch in trong
min bin i Laplace c dng phn thc hu
t M M

H1 ( s) i
a s i
(s s )
i
F ( s) = = i =0
=K i =1
H1 ( s) N N

k
b s
k =0
k
(s s )
k =1
k

Tu vo cc nghim ca H2(s), c th tm li
biu thc trong min thi gian theo cc trng
hp sau
 Trng hp H2(s) ch c nghim n

c khai trin nh sau

H1 ( s ) N Ak
F (s) = =
H 2 ( s ) k =1 s sk
H 1 ( sk )
Ak = ' , voi sk l nghim cua H2(s)
H 2 ( sk )
Biu thc thi gian tng ng

N
f(t) = Ak exp( sk t )
k =1
 Trng hp H2(s) c cp nghim phc lin hp

c khai trin nh sau

Np
p+
H ( s) p
A 2 Ak Ak*
F ( s) = 1 = k + + *
H 2 ( s ) k =1 s sk k = p +1 s s k s s k

H 1 ( sk )
Ak = , voi sk l nghim cua H2(s)
H ' 2 ( sk )
H1 ( sk* )
A = ' * , voi s * k l nghim phuc lien hop
*
k
H 2 ( sk )

Biu thc thi gian tng ng Np

p+

[2 A ]
N 2
f(t) = Ak exp( sk t ) + k e k t . cos(k t + arg[ Ak ])
k =1 k = p +1
 Trng hp H2(s) c nghim bi bc r

c khai trin nh sau

H1 ( s ) N r Ak r 1 Ali
F ( s) = = +
H 2 ( s ) k =1 s sk i =0 ( s sl ) r i
H 1 ( sk )
Ak = '
, voi sk l nghim on cua H2(s)
H 2 ( sk )
1
Ali = lim[ F ( s )( s sl ) r i ]
i! s sl
Biu thc thi gian tng ng
N r r 1 Ali t r i 1
f(t) = Ak exp( sk t ) + . exp( sl t )
k =1 i =0 (r i 1)!
Phng php ngun tng ng
nh l Thvernil-Neurton
Nu mt mch in c th chia lm hai phn, ni vi nhau bng
2 cc v khng c ghp h cm t vi nhau, th phn mch c
ngun cung cp c th thay th bng mt ngun sc in ng
tng ng vi Et bng in p h mch trn hai u cc v
tr khng tng ng bng ton t in p h mch chia cho
dng in ngn mch
Cc bc thc hin
Chia mch in thnh cc phn nh c ngun tc ng, sao cho
mch tng th s n gin hn
Chuyn i cc phn mch c ngun thnh ngun sc in
ng tng ng
V li s tng ng tnh ton p ng cn thit
 Phng php xp chng
Nguyn l xp chng: p ng ca t hp tuyn
tnh cc tc ng bng t hp tuyn tnh ca
cc p ng thnh phn
i vi mch tuyn tnh bt bin, c th p dng
nguyn l xp chng phn tch theo cc
bc nh sau
Cho tng ngun tc ng lm vic, cc ngun khc
tm thi thay th bng ngn mch nu l ngun p,
bng h mch nu l ngun dng
Tnh ton p ng cho tng ngun ring l
Tng hp cc p ng thnh phn
 Bi tp
Xem cc bi tp c gii mu chng 2
Lm cc bi tp trang . . .