2017

- .3591
- .3591
- .3595
- ( ) . 3599
- .3595
- .3551 3593
.3551 3551 -
- .1003
- .1001
- .1002 1001
- .1031 1001
- .
- .
- .
- .
-

-1 , , 2014
-2 , , 2016
-3 , , 2014
-4 2016
-5 2016
-6 2016
-7
Order : Enoplida
Superfamily : Trichuroidea
()
. .
: Trichinellidae
Trichuridae . Capillariidae
Family : Trichinellidae
Genus : Trichinella
Trichinella spiralis ( )
Trichinellidae Trichinella
. Trichinella spiralis
T.spiralis ( Zoonotic
) parasite
Encystment larvae Trichinosis
Trichiniasis . Trichinellosis
( )
.
.
( )4.1 4.1
Copulatory pseudobursa
anus Cloaca ( )41 ( )41
(.)02
( )5.3

. Vulva

. larvae
 ( : )81

( : )81

 Trichinellosis

.
Gastric acid Pepsin
( )

( )7-1 4322


( )04
( )00 .


( )2.4 .
 ( : )12 Trichinella spiralis
 ( : )22 T.spiralis
Family : Trichuridae
Genus : Trichuris
Trichuris trichiura


Trichuriasis . Whipworm infection

.

Buccal cavity .
Stichocytes
.
( )32-52
( )13-52
( )05( )01(. )03
Gonads ejaculatory
duct Cloaca
Copulatory spicule Spiny spicule sheath
anus .
Vulva
.
 ( : )22 Trichuris trichiura
 ( : )22 Trichuris trichiura

( : )22 ( )

4-3
.


( )66 (. )67

( : )22 Trichuris trichiura

 ( : )17

( : )18 Trichuris trichiura

Family : Capillaridae

Genus : Capillaria

( )0.3-4

.

.
Capillaria bovis .

Capillaria philippinensis

Human intestinal capillariasis

. ( )5.4-0.5
( )1.5-0.3
( )51 .

( )53 .
( 03/ 52-44) .
 ( : )22 Capillaria philippinensis

( : )22 Capillaria philippinensis

Superfamily : Dioctoophymatoidea

.
. . Dioctophymae renale
.

Dioctophyma renale

. .
( )02-41 ( )1-1
.
. ( )422-02 ( )40-3

( )51( . )57 ( )10-11
( . )51
Oligochaeta

.

. .
.
.
 ( : )22 Dioctophyma renale
 ( : )27

( : )21 Dioctophyma renale

Order : Strongylida ( )
)(Bursate Nematodes

()
.
.

.
Copulatory bursa
.

. .
Ventral system : Ventro-Ventral
ray latero-ventral ray Lateral system
Antero-lateral ray Medio-lateral ray
Postero-lateral ray Dorsal system
Dorsal system Externo-dorsal ray
( . )51
.
. Buccal capsule Teeth
.
Leaf crowns
.
Simple club shape
(.)12

:

Family : strongylidae -1

Family : Ancylostomatidae -6
Family : Trichostrongylidae -3

Family : dictyocaulidae -4

Family : Protostrongylidae -5

Family : Metastrongylidae -6

Genus : Ancylostoma ( )

Ancylostoma caninum
. A.duodenale
4 4.3
. ( ) ( )

.
. .
( )30( )35 ( . )31
.

( )12 33
1-1 .
 ( : )22
 ( : )22
 A B

C D

G H

: )54(
A : Adult Ancylostoma duodenale (Females on the left and males on the right ) ; B : Adult Necator americanus
(Females on the left and males on the right ) ; C : Adult A.duodenale (Male upper and female below) ; D : Adult
N.americanus (Male upper and female below) ; E : A.duodenale ; F : N.americanus ; G : Scanning electromicrograph
of mouthparts of A.duodenale ; H : : Scanning electromicrograph of mouthparts of N. americanus


11-01

3


( )33( )31 (.)37

( : )55
 ( : )22 A.braziliense
 ( : )57
Genus : Necator

Necator americanus

.
.
()31
( . )31 ( )1-1 ( )44-1
( )44-1 ( )45-42 .
.
.
 A B C

D E F

G H I

: )58(
A : Mouthparts of A.duodenale ; B : Mouthparts of A.duodenale ; C : Mouthparts of N.americanus ; D : Copulatory
bursa of male A.duodenale ; E: Posterior end of male A.duodenale ; F : Copulatory bursa of male N.americanus ; G :
Posterior end of female A.duodenale ; H : Posterior end of female A.duodenale ; I : Posterior end of N.americanus
 ( : )59 Necator americanus

( : )8 ( : )2 ( : )2 ( : )2
( : )2 ( : )2
Family : Trichostrongylidae

()
. .
.


.

.
:

Haemonchus Ostertagia
Trichostrongylus Marshallagia Nematodirus
Cooperia . Camelostrongylus

Genus :
Trichostrongylus

Abormesum Duodenum
:

-1 : Trich.probolurs .

-6 : Trich.colubriformis .

-3 :Trich.vitrinus .

: Trich.affinus -4 .

: Trich.tenuis -5 .

: Trich.axei -6 .

( )1-0.3
.

( )11( )13 ()11( )17(. )11

L3
.
.

Order : Ascaridida ()
.
lips .
.

.
: Ascaridae Oxyuridae
Heterakidae . Anisakidae

Family : Ascaridae ( )

( )12-42 .
. .
Ascaris Parascaris
. Toxoascaris

Genus : Ascaris

Ascaris lumbricoides ( )

.
Ascariasis ().
 ( )53-00 3


( )54-42
.
( )71(.)71

( )72-13 32-53

.

( )11-51 11-11

.
 ( : )71 ( )
 A B

C D

E F

: )71(

A : Adult Ascaris lumbricoides ; B : Adult A.lumbricoides ; C : Scanning electromicrograph of

head of adult ; D : Scanning electromicrograph of tail of adult male ; E : Cross-section of adult
Ascaris female ; E ; Cross-section of adult Ascaris male


022222
( )5-0

(. )12

Ascariasis
L2
L3 Filariform larva
( )14

Pulmonary ( )41-5 .

.




.
 ( : )88
 Family : Oxyuridae ( )

( )4.3-4 . . .
Pinworm .
Spicule . Papillae

. L1 Oxyuris Passalurus
. Enterobius

Genus : Enterobius ()

Enterobius vermicularis

Pinworm Seat worm

.

. ( )3-0
. ()45-1

( . )13 ( )12-32
.

. Reteroinfection
 .


1-1 ( . )11

Fallopian tubules .
Eczema
.
 ( : )95 () Enterobius vermicularis
( )a ( )b
 ( : )12 () Enterobius vermicularis
Order : Rhabditida ( )
.
.
Rhabditis Strongyloides Rhabdias
.

Genus : Strongyloides ( )

( Strongyloides
)papillosus ( )Strongyloides westeri ()Strongyloides stercoralis
.
( )0-2.7

.
.

0.0 ( )2.27-2.25
( ) - .

. .
Sexually dimorphic . 2.7
.
. ( )4 -2.1
()424
(. )420
 ( : )282 Strongyloides stercoralis

( ) b/a ( )c ( )d
( )e ( )f ( )g
( )h ( )i
 ( : )281 Strongyloides stercoralis

Rhabditiform
larvae ( . )425
( )
Heterogonic () .
development
52 .

 .
.

Homogonic development
.



(. )421
 ( : )281
 ( : )284 Strongyloides stercoralis
Order : Spiruroida

. Cylindrical type
Glandular .
. L3
( )Superfamily .

Superfamily : Spiruroidea -4

Habronema Spirocerca Thelazia

Acuaria Tetrameres Gongylonema
Physaloptera . Gnathostoma

Superfamily : Filarioidea -0 ()

Parafilaria Dirofiaria Setaria

Diptalonema . Onchocerca

Superfamily : Dracunculoidea -5
( ) . Dracunculus

Superfamily : Spiruroidea

. .
. .
.
. .
:

-4 : Family Spiruridae .

-0 Family Thelazidae .

-5 : Family Acuaridae .
 -1 : Family Gongylonematidae .

-3 : Family Physalopteridae .

-1 : Family Gnathostomatidae .

-7 : Family Tetramiridae .

Family : Physalopteridae

.
.

Physaloptera caucosia
.

Physaloptera praeputialis
% 32-12
.
( )5.3-4.7
. ( )5.7-5
(. )444
 ( : )888 ( Physaloptera praeputialis )
( )

Superfamily : Filarioidea ( )


. ( )
. .
.
.

Parafilaria
.
. L3
.
Setaria Diptalonema Onchocerca
Dirofiaria ( ) Pre-larvae
Microfilaria
 . 52-43
L3
. Filaridae
Sitariidae . Onchocercidae

Family : Filaridae

Mansonella Loa Burgia
Wuchereria Parafilaria
. Dirofilaria

Wuchereria bancrofti
Filiariasis Elephantiasis

.
. Sessile papillae
12 ( )422-12
Pseudoculate papillae anus
.
( )51-03
. Sheath
Microfilaria ( )443 ( 522-022
)42 Ovoviviparous ( )441(.)447
 ( : )225 Filaridae
 ( : )126 Wuchereria bancrofti
 ( : )227 - - -
-


. , Aedes , Culex
Anopheles , Mansonia
( )1-0
Filariform larvae ( )0-4.1
Haemocoel

.
( )441 .
 ( : )228 Wuchereria bancrofti
 A B

C D

E F

Wuchereria : )229(
bancrofti
A: First- stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti ; B : Second-stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti

C : Section of adult W.bancrofti in lymph node ; D : Section of adult W.bancrofti in lymph vessel with lymphangitis
 A B

C D E

Wuchereria bancrofti : )218(

A , B : Elephantiasis ; C , D : Microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi
 Malayan filarial worm ( )405
.

:

-4 ( )052-412 ( )1-3 .

-0
.
.
. .

( . )401 .

( : )211 Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi

 ( : )214 Brugia malayi

Loa loa

Loaiasis
Bosses
( . )403

( . )401 ( )407

( ) .
Tabanid fly . Chrysops

Calabar swelling


 Cornea Retina
.

( : )215 Loa loa

- -
 ( : )216 Loa loa
 : )217(

Loa loa - Wuchereria bancrofti -

Onchocerca volvulus

( )
%42
( . )401
( )32-52 .

Fibrocystic tumors ( . )401

.
. Simulium

( . )452
12 .
.

( : )218 Onchocerca volvulus

 ( : )219
 ( : )218

Dipetalonema perstans

.
. Culicoides
.
.

Superfamily : Dracunculoidea
Genus : Dracunculus ()
Dracunculus medinensis ( )

.
 .
12 -40
472-402 .
Preanal Postanal
.
(. )451

L1
Cyclops .
.

40-1
(. )451
 ( : )218 Dracunculus medinensis

- - - -
 ( : )219 Dracunculus medinensis
 ( : )140 Dracunculus medinensis
 .
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