Excelet

Interpolation and Extrapolation:

What is the difference?

Place your cursor on the yellow box!

objectives:
1. discover the difference between interpolation and extrapolation

2. explore some limitations using aluminum can data updated with 2008 data!

You can resize the screen by going to View on the menu bar and select Zoom...

Click on the tabs to navigate!

Extending the line - What is the difference between interpolation and extrapolation?
slope y-intercept x-intercept
m = 1.3 b = 4.0 -3.1
x y
4.0 9.2
5.0 10.5 18 Explore the graph
6.0 11.8 0 15.05 by adjusting the
16
7.0 13.1 8.5 15.05 tracer point ( )
8.0 14.4 14 8.5 0 using the slider
9.0 15.7 below the graph.
12
10.0 17.0 two linear regressions
10 dotted line extended using The values of the
forcast slope and the
y

8
y-intercept in the
6 yellow cells may
be changed. The
4
y-axis rescales,
2 while the x-axis is
fixed.
0
0 3 6 9 12 15
x

0 x 15 y =
vary the x-value 85 15.1 interpolated answer
from 0 to 15 x = 8.5

Sinex 2006
The Mass of an Aluminum Can from 1972 to 2008 - Going out on the line for 2009! updated!

What do you notice about the data for the last few years? So let's consider separate regressions.

✘ all data and regression ✘ 1972-1998 and regression ✘ 1999-2008 and regression

✘ industry can goal of 12 grams

Mass of Can (g)

25 1 1 1 12-g can
2009
20
f(x)
f(x) =
=−− 0.267303905187628
0.225427867109626 x
x++ 547.814121058318
1
464.799082888612 2005
R² = 0.990139249355048
R² = 0.965364255164029
15 2032

f(x) = − 0.053322515403165 x + 120.28003376556

10 R² = 0.906519742081993

0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year

What do you predict will be the mass of the aluminum can in 2009? What are you basing your
prediction on? 2009 can

2008 can
12-g can answer 2007 can
Sinex 2009 2006 can
source: http://www.aluminum.org 2005 can
year mass (g) http://www.aluminum.org year mass (g)
1972 20.87 1972 20.87 20.87
1973 20.40 1973 20.40 20.40
1974 20.00 1974 20.00 20.00
1975 19.74 1975 19.74 19.74
1976 19.48 1976 19.48 19.48
1977 19.34 1977 19.34 19.34
1978 19.20 1978 19.20 19.20
1979 19.16 1979 19.16 19.16
1980 18.74 1980 18.74 18.74
1981 18.57 1981 18.57 18.57
1982 18.01 1982 18.01 18.01
1983 17.67 1983 17.67 17.67
1984 17.46 1984 17.46 17.46
1985 17.07 1985 17.07 17.07
1986 16.81 1986 16.81 16.81
1987 16.57 1987 16.57 16.57
1988 16.07 1988 16.07 16.07
1989 15.49 1989 15.49 15.49
1990 15.97 1990 15.97 15.97
1991 15.73 1991 15.73 15.73
1992 15.50 1992 15.50 15.50
1993 15.38 1993 15.38 15.38
1994 15.07 1994 15.07 15.07
1995 14.61 1995 14.61 14.61
1996 14.22 1996 14.22 14.22
1997 13.94 1997 13.94 13.94
1998 13.74 can limit 1998 13.74 13.74
1999 13.72 1980 12 1999 13.72 13.72
2000 13.71 1990 12 2000 13.71 13.71
2001 13.59 2000 12 2001 13.59 13.59
2002 13.44 2002 13.44 13.44
2003 13.46 2003 13.46 13.46
2004 13.38 2004 13.38 13.38
2005 13.35 2005 13.35 13.35
2006 13.27 2006 13.27 13.27
2007 13.29 2007 13.29 13.29
2008 13.28 2008 13.28 13.28
The residuals seem to illustrate a change in the trend. As well as there must be an engineering limit!

year mass (g) reg-calc residual Residuals plot for 1972-2008 data
1972 20.87 20.49 0.39
1973 20.40 20.24 0.16 1.50
1974 20.00 19.99 0.01
1975 19.74 19.75 -0.01 f(x) = 0.192784397617501 x − 385.530770718353
1976 19.48 19.50 -0.02
1.00
R² = 0.994084509785238
1977 19.34 19.26 0.09
fitting the residuals for
1978 19.20 19.01 0.19 residual = 0.1881(ye
0.50 R2 = 0.9941

Residuals
1979 19.16 18.76 0.40
1980 18.74 18.52 0.22 fitting the residuals for
1981 18.57 18.27 0.30 residual = 0.1831(y
0.00 R2 = 0.994
1982 18.01 18.03 -0.02 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1983 17.67 17.78 -0.11
1984 17.46 17.53 -0.07 -0.50
1985 17.07 17.29 -0.22
1986 16.81 17.04 -0.23
1987 16.57 16.80 -0.23 -1.00
1988 16.07 16.55 -0.48
Year
1989 15.49 16.30 -0.81
1990 15.97 16.06 -0.09
1991 15.73 15.81 -0.09
1992 15.50 15.56 -0.06
1993 15.38 15.32 0.07
1994 15.07 15.07 0.00 Sinex 2009
1995 14.61 14.83 -0.21 1998 -0.35
1996 14.22 14.58 -0.36 1999 -0.13
1997 13.94 14.33 -0.40 2000 0.11
1998 13.74 14.09 -0.35 2001 0.24
1999 13.72 13.84 -0.13 2002 0.34
2000 13.71 13.60 0.11 2003 0.60
2001 13.59 13.35 0.24 2004 0.77
2002 13.44 13.10 0.34 2005 0.98
2003 13.46 12.86 0.60 2006 1.15
2004 13.38 12.61 0.77 2007 1.42
2005 13.35 12.37 0.98 2008 1.65
2006 13.27 12.12 1.15
2007 13.29 11.87 1.42
2008 13.28 11.63 1.65
 updated with 2008

fitting the residuals for 1998-2007

residual = 0.1881(year) - 376
R2 = 0.9941

fitting the residuals for 1998 -2006

residual = 0.1831(year) - 366
R2 = 0.9942

fitting the residuals for 1998-

2005
residual = 0.1825(year) - 365
R2 = 0.9918
fitting the residuals for 1998
-2004
residual = 0.1795(year) - 359
R2 = 0.9881