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Student Code of Ethic (SCE) : Department of Civil Engineering Centre For Diploma Studies Uthm
Student Code of Ethic (SCE) : Department of Civil Engineering Centre For Diploma Studies Uthm
(SCE)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not to receive or
give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge that everything mentioned in the
report is true.
______________________
Student Signature
Name :
Matric No. :
Date :
CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
REPORT
SUBJECT CODE
COURSE CODE
TESTING DATE
STUDENT NAME
GROUP
1.
2.
4.
5.
LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR/
TUTOR NAME
MARKS
* Please refer laboratory
rubric attached
1.0 OBJECTIVE
DETERMINATION OF CENTRE GRAVITY AT DIFFERENT LEVEL ON A FLOATING BODY
When designing a vessel such as a ship, which is to float on water, it is clearly necessary to be able to
establish beforehand that it will float upright in stable equilibrium. Figure 2(a) shows such a floating body,
which is in equilibrium under the action of two equal and opposite forces, namely, its weight acting vertically
downwards through its centre of gravity and the buoyancy force of equal magnitude acting vertically upwards
at the centre of buoyancy. When in equilibrium, the points G and B lie in the same vertical line.
The shift of the centre of gravity causes the body to tilt to a new equilibrium position, at a small angle to the
vertical, as shown in Fig 2(c), with an associate movement of the centre of buoyancy from B B. The point
B must lie vertically below G, since the body is in equilibrium in the tilted position. Let the vertical line of the
upthrust through B intersect the original line of upthrust BG at the point M, called the metacentre.
Accordingly, the equilibrium is stable if the metacentre lies above G. Provided that is small, the distance
xg
GM is given by: GM .
The dimension GM is called the metacentric height. In the experiment described below, it is measured
directly from the slope of a graph of xj against , obtained by moving a jockey across a pontoon. Which
GM = Wj . Xj
W Q
Determination of BM
The movement of the centre of buoyancy to B produces a moment of the buoyancy force about the original
centre of buoyancy B. To establish the magnitude of this moment, first consider the element of moment
exerted by a small element of change in displaced volume. An element of width x, lying at distance x from B,
has an additional depth .x due to the tilt of the body. So the volume V of the element is:
V .x.Lx Lxx .
And the element of additional buoyancy force is F wV wLxx , where W is the specific weight of
water. The element of moment about B produced by the element of force is M F .x wLx 2x .
The total moment about B is obtained by integration over the whole of the plan area of the body, in the plane
of the water surface: M w Lx dx wI .
2
In this, I represents the second moment, about the axis of symmetry, of the water plane area of the body.
Now this moment represents the movement of the upthrust wV from B to B, namely wV.BB. Equating this to
the expression for M, wV .BB ' wI .
From the geometry of the figure, BB, = .BM and eliminating BB between these last 2 equations gives BM
I
as BM
V
LD 3
I . Now the distance BG may be found from the computed or measured positions of B and of G, so
12
the metacentric height GM can be calculated by the equation GM BM BG .
4.0 EQUIPMENT
1. Plastic Sail
2. Pontoon
3. Jockey Weight
Figure 2 : Pontoon
indicated in figure.
point where the plumbline intersects the line of symmetry of the pontoon.
8. This procedure is then repeated with the jockey traversed at a number of different heights.
W
Pontoon displacement, V = m3
w
LD 3
Second Moment of area, I = 2.466 x m4
12
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3:
5) Question by lecturer
8.0 Answers
CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE: 10/10
EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
EXPERIMENT: THE STABILITY OF A FLOATING
BODY AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10