Rubble Mound Breakwater Design Calculations

Hs
1. m tan
Lo
2
2. Lm Lo gTm
2
3. Design H = minimum of Hmax or Hb (Hmax may be H1/3 or H1/10)
4. Run-up
a. Ru H S a m for m < 1.5
b. Ru H S b m for m > 1.5
c

c. RuR H S Ru H S i
5. Overtopping
Hs
a. s m
Lm

R sm
b. Rm
*

Hs 2

c. Q gH s Tm a exp b Rm
*

Rm b ln Q agH sTm
R s
m Rm*
Hs 2

6. R = maximum of Ru H S i H s or
s m 2 Rm* H s

7. Design crest elevation = DHW + R

aH 3
8. Armor weight: W50
K D SG 1 cot
3

1/ 3
W
9. Armor thickness: r nK
a
1/ 3
W
10. Crest Width: Bc 3K
a

11. Base Width: Bb Bc 2 DHW R cot

12. Armor area (per unit length): A Bc 2 DHW R 2 1 cot 2

 2/3
P a
13. Number of armor units: N a Ank 1
100 W
1/ 3
W
14. Underlayer thickness: r nK
s
15. Total volume (per unit length)
a

th
b

a. t h r sin

b. V 2 h a b below
Vi
1

16. Scour Depth: d s d s H H 0.5 H

17. Toe apron width: maximum of Bt = 2H or Bt = 0.4h
18. Toe stone weight
2kht
a. K sin 2 kBt
sinh 2kht

1 K ht



1 K 2 ht
N
b. maximum of s 1.3 1/ 3 1.8 exp 1.5 or Ns = 1.8
K H K 1/ 3 H

sH 3
c. Wmin
N s3 SG 1
3

d. assuming quarry stone sorting is 0.75 W/W50 1.25 W50 = Wmin/0.75

19. Toe base: bt = 2Btcott
20. Toe volume (total, per unit length, 2 identical toe structures): V 2 12 h ht Bt bt
21. Toe-to-toe width of breakwater: Btt Bb 2 h ht cot t Bt h ht cot
22. Bedding layer stone weight:
a. 2 gk tanh kh L 2 k
 50 H 3
b. W50
1.34 10 5 SG50 1 1 L
3 2

1/ 3
ds s
c. n , where ds = scour depth (this is the minimum bedding layer thickness)
K W
1/ 3
W
d. r nK
s

e. width: Bbed = Btt + 2(5 m)

f. V Bbed r

23. Breakwater weight (load on soil) - In order to generalize the calculation for use with concrete
armor units, the weight of the armor layer is calculated separately from the rest of the
breakwater. Also, the load is separated into above and below the low water mark (h) to
correct for buoyancy.
a

th
b

a. Volume of Underlayer & core above DLW:

Vu 12 h a b where
h DHW R DLW ra
a 2ra cot B 2t ha
b 2 DHW R DLW cot B 2t ha

b. Volume of Armor Layer above DLW:

Va 12 h a b where
h DHW R DLW
aB
b 2 DHW R DLW cot B

c. Volume of Underlayer & core below DLW:

Vu 12 h a b where
 h DLW
a 2 DHW R DLW cot B 2t ha
b Bb 2t ha

d. Volume of Armor Layer below DLW:

Va 12 h a b where
h DLW
a 2 DHW R DLW cot B
b Bb

e. Weight of layers:
P
i. above DLW W V 1 s
100

P
ii. below DLW W V 1 s w
100

24. Soil Load ()

a. Base width redistributed through the bedding layer: B Btt 2rbed cot bed

b. Load at top of bedding layer: t Wu Wa above DLW Wu Wa below DLW Wtoe Btt
c. Load at bottom of bedding layer: t Btt B Wbed Bbed

25. Allowable Bearing Capacity

a. Normally consolidated clay: cu po 0.11 0.0037 LL PL
b. Layered Sand, Dense over Loose (Das, 1994)
1
qu ( t ) c1 N c 1 1 D f N q (1) 1 BN (1)
2
qu ( b ) c2 N c 2 1 D f H N q ( 2 ) 2 BN ( 2 )
1
2
H 2
2D f
qu q u ( b ) 1 1 K s tan 1 H or qu qu (t )
B H

c. Layered Sand, Loose over Dense (from Das, 1994)

1
qu ( b) c2 N c ( 2 ) 2 D f N q ( 2 ) 2 BN ( 2 )
2
2
H

q u q u ( t ) q u ( b ) q u ( t ) 1
H , Hf = depth of failure surface ~ 2B
f

d. Layered Clay - Stronger over Weaker ( = 0), (Das, 1994)

 2c H
qu cu ( 2 ) N c a 1 D f or qu qu (t )
B
qu ( t '') cu (1) N c 1 D f
e. Granular Stratum over Soft Clay (Herbich, 1991)

2 1 H 2 2D f
qu cu ( 2 ) N c 1 K s tan 1 1 D f or qu qu (t )
B H
qu
f. Allowable bearing capacity: q a
FS

26. Depth of calculation in lower layer: H = 4Btt - (upper layer depth)

e1 e2 e
Cc
log p2 log po p
27. Compression Index: Cc = slope of the e-log p curve:
p1 po
2.38
1 eo
Empirically: Rendon-Herrero (1983) C c 0.141G 1.2
s

Gs
Terzaghi & Peck (1967) C c 0.007 LL% 10
LL %
Nagaraj and Murty (1985) Cc 0.2343 Gs
100
28. Swell index: C S 101 CC to 15 CC
29. Initial load and void ratio
a. po w DHW 1 H upperlayer 12 2 H [H from eq. (26)]

b. eo wG
30. Settlement
Cc H i po i p i
a. Normally consolidated soil (pc = po + p): S log
1 eo po i

Cs H i p o i p i
b. Overconsolidated soil (pc po + p): S log
1 eo po i