REG.

NO:15BEC0898

ANS:
1 1
Given =0.8 , =0.2
1+2 1+2

Where, =0.75 , =4.899

s=0.6 , p=0.2

s 0.6
= =
=0.3
p 0.2
 4.899 )
log(
N= log(3) 0.75 =1.71

N=2
For N=2 the transfer function of normalized Butterworth filter is

1
H(s)=2+
2+1

Using bilinear transformation,

For T=1 sec

11
H(z)=H(z)|s=2( )
1+ +1
 1
H(z)= 11 2 11
2( ) +22 ( )+1
1++1 1++1

2
0.084(1+1)
therefore, H(z)= 11.0281+0.36512

2.

ANS:

= 2 db , = 20 db , = = 1

= 1.3

=100.11 = 9.94

=100.11 =0.76
 cosh1 (
9.94 ) 3.26
N= 0.76
= =4.23
1
cosh1( ) 0.77
0.76

N=5
= 1 + 1 + 2
= 1.31+2.73
=2.96
1 1 (2.96)0.2(2.96)0.2

a=[ ] =1[ ]
2
1.240.804 0.436
[ ]= =0.218
2 2
1 1 (2.96)0.2+(2.96)0.2

b=[ + ] =1[ ]
2
2.044

= =1.022
2
(21)
= ,K=1,2,3,4,5
2+ 2

(2(1)1)
1 = =108
2+ 2
(2(2)1)

2 = + =144
2 2
(2(3)1)
3 = + =180
2 2
(2(4)1)
4 = + =216
2 2
(2(5)1)
5 = + =252
2 2

Sk=acos+jbsin
S1=0.218cos(108)+j1.022sin(108)
=-0.067+j0.971
S2=0.218cos(144)+j1.022sin(144)
=-0.176+j0.601
S2=0.218cos(180)+j1.022sin(180)
=-0.218
S3=0.218cos(216)+j1.022sin(216)
=-0.716-j0.601
S4=0.218cos(252)+j1.022sin(252)
=-0.067-j0.971

Denominator of H(s)
H(s)=(s+0.218){(s+0.067)-j0.971}{(s+0.176)-
j0.601}{(s+0.176)+j0.601}{(s+0.067)+j0.971}
=(s+0.218)(s2+0.134s+0.946)(s2+0.352s+0.392)
For N odd substitute s=0 in the denominator polynomial
and find the value. This value is equal to the numerator
of the transfer function.

Numerator of H(s)=(0.218)(0.946)(0.392)
=0.0808

0.0808
Therefore, H(s)=(+0.218)(2+0.134+0.946)(2+0.352+0.392)