Mapel : ALJABAR LINEAR & MATRIKS

BU NURUL QISTIH,M.SAT

Nama kelompok :

1. ABDULLAH SYIFA RIHADATUL AIS

2. MOHAMMAD RAIHAN

SOAL
1. Misalkan 𝑢 = (1,2,3), 𝑣 = (2, −3,1), dan 𝑤 = (3,2, −1). Carilah
a. 𝑢 – 𝑤
b. 7𝑣 + 3𝑤
c. −𝑤 + 𝑣
d. 3(𝑢 − 7𝑑)
e. −3𝑣 − 8𝑤
f. 2𝑣 − (𝑢 + 𝑤)
Jawaban :

(A.) U - w
U=(1,2,3) – w =(3,2,-1)
u-w = (1,-3) - (2,-2)-(3-1) = (1 - 3), 2 – 2-2), 3-1
=(4,4,2)

(b.) 7v+3w
V=(2, -3, 1) ; w (3,2, -1)
=(7(2),7(-3),7(1) ) + (3(3),3(2),3(-1) )
=(14, -21,7) + (9,6,-3) = (14 + 9), (-4 + 6,7+(-3))
= ( 23, -15, 4)

(c.) –w + v
-w = (-3, -2, 1) ; v =(2, -3, 1)
= ( -3, + 2, -2+(-3), 1+1)
= (-1, -5, 2)

(D.) 3(u – 7d)

=3((1,2,3)-7d)
=(3,6,9)-7d
=18-7d
 d=7+18
=25

(e.) -3 v – 8 w

-3v=(-3)(2, -3, 1) ; w =(-8) (3, 2, -1)

=(-6, 9, -1) + (-24, -36, 8)

= (-6 + (-24), 9 + (-36), (-3) + 8)

= ( -30, -27, 5)

(f.) 2v-8w

2v= ( (2)2, 2(-3), 2(1) )

= (4, 6, 2)

u + w = (1,2,3) + (3,2,-1)

= (1+3, 2+2, 3+ (-1) )

= (4,4,2)

-(u+w) = (-4,-4,-2)

2v-(u+w) = (4-(-4), 6-(-4), 2 – (-2)

= (8,10,4)

2. Misalkan 𝑢, 𝑣, dan 𝑤 adalah vektor-vektor pada Soal No 1. Carilah komponen vektor

𝑥 yang memenuhi 2𝑢 − 𝑣 + 𝑥 = 7𝑥 + 𝑤
Jawab :
2𝑢 − 𝑣 + 𝑥 = 7𝑥 + 𝑤
=2(1,2,3)-(2,-3,1)+ 𝑥 = 7𝑥+(3,2,-1)
=(2,4,6)-(2,-3,1)+ 𝑥 = 7𝑥+(3,2,-1)
=(2-2, 4-(-3), 6-1)+ 𝑥 = 7𝑥+(3+2+(-1))
=(0,7,5)+ 𝑥 = 7𝑥+4
=12+ 𝑥 = 7𝑥+4
𝑥-7𝑥=4-12
-6𝑥 =-8
 −8
𝑥=
−6
𝑥=1,3

3. Misalkan 𝑢, 𝑣, dan 𝑤 adalah vektor-vektor pada Soal No 1. Carilah skalar 𝑐1, 𝑐2, dan 𝑐3 sehingga
𝑐1𝑢 + 𝑐2𝑣 + 𝑐3𝑤 = (6,14, −2)
Jawab :
𝑐1(1,2,3)+ 𝑐2(2,-3,3)+ 𝑐3(3,2,-1)=(6,14,-2)
𝑐1+ 2𝑐2+3 𝑐3=6…………….(1)
2𝑐1-3 𝑐2+ 𝑐3=14……………(2)
3𝑐1+ 𝑐2-𝑐3=-2………………(3)

Elemenasi 2 dan 3
2𝑐1-3 𝑐2+ 𝑐3=14
3𝑐1+ 𝑐2-𝑐3=-2 +
5𝑐1-2𝑐2=12…………….(4)

Elemenasi 1 dan 2
𝑐1+ 2𝑐2+3 𝑐3=6
2𝑐1-3 𝑐2+ 𝑐3=14 -
-3𝑐1+11𝑐2=-36………….(5)

Elemenasi 4 dan 5
5𝑐1-2𝑐2=12
-3𝑐1+11𝑐2=-36 +
9𝑐1=29
c1=8/3 → c2=(36-40)/6=2/3
c3=14x2x8/3+32/3
=44/3

4. Hitunglah norma 𝑣 apabila

a. 𝑣 = (3,4)
b. 𝑣 = (1,1,1)
 c. 𝑣 = (−1,7)
d. 𝑣 = (−8,7,4)
e. 𝑣 = (0, −3)
f. 𝑣 = (9,0,0)
Jawab :
a. 𝑣 = (3,4)
||v||=√32+42 = √25=5
b. 𝑣 = (1,1,1)
||v||=√12+12+12 = √3
c. 𝑣 = (−1,7)
||v||=√-12+72 = √50=√2
d. 𝑣 = (−8,7,4)
||v||=√-82+72+42 = √129
e. 𝑣 = (0, −3)
||v||=√02+-32 = √9=3
f. 𝑣 = (9,0,0)
||v||=√92+02+02 = √81=9

5. Hitunglah jarak di antara 𝑃1 dan 𝑃2

a. 𝑃1(2,3), 𝑃2(4,6)
b. 𝑃1 (−2,7), 𝑃2 (0, −3)
c. 𝑃1 (8, −4,2), 𝑃2 (−6, −1,0)
d. 𝑃1 (1,1,1), 𝑃2 (6, −7,3)
Jawab :
a. 𝑃1(2,3), 𝑃2(4,6)
d=||𝑃1 𝑃2||= √(4-2)2+(6-3)2
= √4+49
= √13
b. 𝑃1 (−2,7), 𝑃2 (0, −3)
d=||𝑃1 𝑃2||= √(0-(-2))2+(-3-7)2
= √4+100
= √104
c. 𝑃1 (8, −4,2), 𝑃2 (−6, −1,0)
d=||𝑃1 𝑃2||= √(-6-8)2+(-1-(-4))2+(0-2)2
= √196+9+4
= √209
d. 𝑃1 (1,1,1), 𝑃2 (6, −7,3)
d=||𝑃1 𝑃2||= √(-6-1)2+(-7-1)2+(3-1)2
= √25+64+4
= √93
6. Misalkan 𝑢 = (1, −3,2), 𝑣 = (1,1,0), dan 𝑤 = (2,2, −4). Carilah
a. ||𝑢 + 𝑣||
b. ||𝑢|| + ||𝑣||
c. ||−2𝑢|| + 2||𝑢||
d. ||3𝑢 − 5𝑣 + 𝑤||

Jawab:
a. ||𝑢 + 𝑣|| = (2,-2,2)
b. ||𝑢|| + ||𝑣||= 3+2= 5
c. ||−2𝑢|| + 2||𝑢|| = 6+3= 9
d. ||3𝑢 − 5𝑣 + 𝑤||= 9-10+2= 1

7. Carilah skalar 𝑘 sehingga ||𝑘𝑣|| = 3 dimana 𝑣 = (1,2,4)

Jawab :

𝑘𝑣=(k,2k,4k)
=√(k)2+(2k)2+(4k)2=3
=√k2+4k2+16k2=3
=√21k2=3
=21k=3
3
=k=
21
8. Tentukan apakah 𝑢 dan 𝑣 membentuk sudut lancip, membentuk sudut tumpul atau siku-
siku
a. 𝑢 = (7,3,5), 𝑣 = (−8,4,2)
b. 𝑢 = (1,1,1), 𝑣 = (−1,0,0)
c. 𝑢 = (6,1,3), 𝑣 = (4,0, −6)
d. 𝑢 = (4,1,6), 𝑣 = (−3,0,2)

Jawab :
a. 𝑢 = (7,3,5), 𝑣 = (−8,4,2)
⃗ 2
¿ u∨¿ ¿ = √7 +3 +5
2 2

= √49+9+25
= √83
⃗ 2
¿ v ∨¿ ¿ = √(-8) +4 +2
2 2

= √64+16+4
= √84
( 7 x−8 ) + ( 3 x 4 )+ ( 5 x 2 )
cos θ =
|⃗
u| x|⃗ v|
−56+12+10
=
√ 83 x √ 84
−34
=
9 ,11 x 9 , 17
−34
=
83 ,54
= -0,41
θ = cos-1 (-0,41)
= (180⁰-65,98⁰)
= 114,02⁰ (Sudut Tumpul di Kuadran II)

b. 𝑢 = (1,1,1), 𝑣 = (−1,0,0)
⃗ 2
¿ u∨¿ ¿ = √1 +1 +1
2 2

= √1+1+1
= √3
⃗ 2 2
¿ v ∨¿ ¿ = √(-1) +0 +0
2

= √1+0+0
 = √1
( 1 x−1 ) + ( 1 x 0 ) + ( 1 x 0 )
cos θ =
|⃗
u| x |⃗
v|
−1+ 0+0
=
√3 x√ 1
−1
=
1, 7 x 1
−1
=
1, 7
= -0,5 (Sudut Tumpul)

c. 𝑢 = (6,1,3), 𝑣 = (4,0, −6)

⃗ 2
¿ u∨¿ ¿ = √6 +1 +3
2 2

= √36+1+9
= √46
⃗ 2
¿ v ∨¿ ¿ = √4 +0 +(-6)
2 2

= √16+0+36
= √52
( 6 x 4 ) + ( 1 x 0 )+ (3 x−6 )
cos θ =
|⃗u| x |⃗
v|
24+0+(−18)
=
√ 46 x √ 52
6
=
6 ,7 x 7 , 2
6
=
48 , 24
= 0,12 (Sudut Tumpul)

d. 𝑢 = (4,1,6), 𝑣 = (−3,0,2)
⃗ 2 2
¿ u∨¿ ¿ = √4 +1 +6
2

= √16+1+36
= √53
⃗ 2 2
¿ v ∨¿ ¿ = √-3 +0 +2
2
 = √9+0+4
= √13
( 4 x−3 )+ ( 1 x 0 ) + ( 6 x 2 )
cos θ =
|⃗
u| x|⃗v|
−12+ 0+12
=
√ 53 x √ 13
0
=
7 ,2 x 3 ,6
0
=
25.92
= 0 (Sudut Siku-Siku)

9. Carilah sudut cosinus 𝜃 di antara 𝑢 dan 𝑣

a. 𝑢 = (1,2), 𝑣 = (6, −8)

𝑢. 𝑣 = {(1)(6)+(2)(-8)}
= -10
||𝑢||=√12+22
=√5
||𝑣||=√62+(-8)2
=√100
−10
cos θ =
√ 5 √ 100
= -0,45

b. 𝑢 = (−7, −3), 𝑣 = (0,1)

𝑢. 𝑣 = {(-7)(0)+(-3)(1)}
= -3
||𝑢||=√-72+(-3)2
=√58
||𝑣||=√02+12
=√1
−3
cos θ =
√ 58 √ 1
= -0,39

c. 𝑢 = (1, −3,7), 𝑣 = (9, −2, −2)

𝑢. 𝑣 = {(1)(9)+(-3)(-2)+(7)(-2)}
=1
||𝑢||=√12+(-3)2+72
=√59
||𝑣||=√92+(-2)2+(-2)2
=√89
 1
cos θ =
√ 59 √ 89
= 0,12

d. 𝑢 = (−3,1,2), 𝑣 = (4,2, −5)

𝑢. 𝑣 = {(-3)(4)+(1)(2)+(2)(-5)}
= -20
||𝑢||=√-32+12+22
=√14
||𝑣||=√42+22+(-5)2
=√45
−20
cos θ =
√ 14 √ 45
= -0,8

10. Buktikan bahwa

| 2 2 2 2
|𝑢 + 𝑣|| + ||𝑢 − 𝑣|| = 2||𝑢|| + 2||𝑣||

Jawab :
2 2 2 2
||𝑢 + 𝑣|| + ||𝑢 − 𝑣|| = 2||𝑢|| + 2||𝑣||

||𝑢||2+2||𝑢||𝑣||+||𝑣||2+||𝑢||2-2||𝑢||𝑣||+|𝑣|2=
||𝑢||2+||𝑢||2+2||𝑢||𝑣||-2||𝑢||𝑣||+||𝑣||2||+||𝑣||2=
2||𝑢||2+2||𝑣||2 = 2||𝑢||2+2||𝑣||2 (BENAR)