EXAMEN SEMESTRAL DE ALGEBRA DE VECTORES Y MATRICES

a) El vector de A hacia B (denótelo con u).

⃗ = [2 + 3 4 − 6
𝑢 1 − 3] = [5 −2 −2]
b) El vector de A hacia C (denótelo con v).

𝑣 = [2 + 3 5 − 6 3 − 3] = [5 −1 0]
c) El vector de B hacia C (denótelo con w)

⃗⃗ = [2 − 2
𝑤 5 − 4 3 − 1] = [0 1 2]
d) Trace los vectores u, v y w sobre la figura.
 𝑣

𝑢
⃗
𝑤
⃗⃗

e) Encuentre los cosenos directores

⃗ | = √52 + 22 + 22 = √33
|𝑢

𝑢
⃗ 5 2 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜆𝑢 = =[ − − ]
|𝑢
⃗| √33 √33 √33
5
𝛼𝑢 = cos −1 ( ) = 29.5º
√33
2
𝛽𝑢 = cos −1 (− ) = 110.38º
√33
2
𝛾𝑢 = cos −1 (− ) = 110.38º
√33

|𝑣 | = √52 + 12 = √26

𝑣 5 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜆𝑣 = =[ − 0]
|𝑣 | √26 √26
5
𝛼𝑣 = cos −1 ( ) = 11.31º
√26
1
𝛽𝑣 = cos −1 (− ) = 101.31º
√26
𝛾𝑣 = cos −1 (0) = 0º
 ⃗⃗ | = √12 + 22 = √5
|𝑤

𝑤
⃗⃗ 1 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜆𝑤 = = [0 ]
|𝑤
⃗⃗ | √5 √5
𝛼𝑤 = cos −1 (0) = 0º
1
𝛽𝑤 = cos −1 ( ) = 63.43º
√5
2
𝛾𝑤 = cos −1 ( ) = 26.57º
√5
h) El ángulo entre: u y v; v y w; u y w.
5 5 2 1 2 27
cos 𝜃𝑢𝑣 = 𝜆⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑢 · ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜆𝑣 = ( )( ) + (− ) (− ) + (− ) (0) =
√33 √26 √33 √26 √33 √858
27
𝜃𝑢𝑣 = cos −1 ( ) = 22.81º
√858

5 1 1 2 1
cos 𝜃𝑣𝑤 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜆𝑣 · ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜆𝑤 = ( ) (0) + (− ) ( ) + (0) ( ) = −
√26 √26 √5 √5 √130
1
𝜃𝑣𝑤 = cos −1 (− ) = 95.03º
√130

5 2 1 2 2 6
cos 𝜃𝑢𝑤 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜆𝑢 · ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜆𝑤 = ( ) (0) + (− ) ( ) + (− )( ) = −
√33 √33 √5 √33 √5 √165
6
𝜃𝑢𝑤 = cos −1 (− ) = 117.85º
√165

i) La proyección de u sobre v
5 1 5 1
⃗ · ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑦(𝑣) 𝑢 = (𝑢 𝜆𝑣 )𝜆⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑣 = ([5 −2 −2] · [ − 0]) [ − 0]
√26 √26 √26 √26

5 1 5 1
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑦(𝑣) 𝑢 = ((5) ( ) + (−2) (− ) + (−2)(0)) [ − 0]
√26 √26 √26 √26

27 5 1 135 27
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑦(𝑣) 𝑢 = ( )[ − 0] = [ − 0]
√26 √26 √26 26 26
 l) El producto cruz entre: u x v
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
𝑢
⃗ × 𝑣 = |5 −2 −2|
5 −1 0
⃗ × 𝑣 = (𝑖̂)[(−2)(0) − (−1)(−2)] − (𝑗̂)[(5)(0) − (5)(−2)] + (𝑘̂ )[(5)(−1) − (5)(−2)]
𝑢
⃗ × 𝑣 = −2𝑖̂ − 10𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂
𝑢

m) El área del paralelogramo formado por los vectores u y w

𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
𝑢
⃗ ×𝑤
⃗⃗ = |5 −2 −2|
0 1 2
𝑢 ⃗⃗ = (𝑖̂)[(−2)(2) − (1)(−2)] − (𝑗̂)[(5)(2) − (0)(−2)] + (𝑘̂)[(5)(1) − (0)(−2)]
⃗ ×𝑤

𝑢 ⃗⃗ = −2𝑖̂ − 10𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂

⃗ ×𝑤

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = |𝑢 ⃗⃗ | = √22 + 102 + 52 = √129 𝑢2

⃗ ×𝑤

o) El volumen del paralelepípedo formado por u, v y el vector perpendicular a ellos.

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 = (𝑢 ⃗ × 𝑣 ) = (−2)(−2) + (−10)(−10) + (5)(5) = 129 𝑢3

⃗ × 𝑣 )(𝑢

I. DADA LAS MATRICES SIGUIENTES RESUELVA LAS PROPIEDADES INDICADAS.

−1 2 0 0 −1 4 3 −4
−3 1 4
𝐴 = [−2 1 4] 𝐵 = [2 5 1 ] 𝐶 = [3 −3] 𝐷 = [ ]
7 0 −3
2 −4 2 8 0 −6 4 −5
a) 𝐴(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝐴𝛼 + 𝐴𝛽; 𝛼 = −4; 𝛽 = 2
−1 2 0 −1 2 0 2 −4 0
𝐴(𝛼 + 𝛽) = [−2 1 4] (−4 + 2) = [−2 1 4] (−2) = [ 4 −2 −8]
2 −4 2 2 −4 2 −4 8 −4
−1 2 0 −1 2 0 4 −8 0 −2 4 0
𝐴𝛼 + 𝐴𝛽 = −4 [−2 1 4] + 2 [−2 1 4] = [ 8 −4 −16] + [−4 2 8]
2 −4 2 2 −4 2 −8 16 −8 4 −8 4
2 −4 0
𝐴𝛼 + 𝐴𝛽 = [ 4 −2 −8]
−4 8 −4
(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝐴𝛼 + 𝐴𝛽

b) (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡
−1 2 0 0 −1 4 𝑡 −1 1 4 𝑡 −1 0 10
(𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑡 = ([−2 1 4] + [2 5 1 ]) = [ 0 6 5 ] = [ 1 6 −4]
2 −4 2 8 0 −6 10 −4 −4 4 5 −4
−1 2 0 𝑡 0 −1 4 𝑡 −1 −2 2 0 2 8
𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡 = [−2 1 4] + [2 5 1 ] =[ 2 1 −4] + [−1 5 0]
2 −4 2 8 0 −6 0 4 2 4 1 −6
 −1 0 10
𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡= [ 1 6 −4]
4 5 −4
(𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡

c) 3𝐶 − 2𝐷 𝑡
3 −4 9 −12 −3 7
−3 1 4
3𝐶 − 2𝐷 𝑡 = 3 [3 −3] − 2 [ ]=[9 −9 ] − 2 [ 1 0]
7 0 −3
4 −5 12 −15 4 −3
9 −12 6 −14 15 −26
3𝐶 − 2𝐷 𝑡 = [ 9 −9 ] − [−2 0 ]=[7 −9 ]
12 −15 −8 6 4 −9

d) 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴)
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = (−1)[(1)(2) − (−4)(4)] − (2)[(−2)(2) − (2)(4)] = 6

e) 𝐴𝑑𝑗 (𝐴)
𝑎11 = (1)(2) − (−4)(4) = 18
𝑎12 = −((−2)(2) − (2)(4)) = 12
𝑎13 = (−2)(−4) − (2)(1) = 6
𝑎21 = −((2)(2) − (−4)(0)) = −4
𝑎22 = (−1)(2) − (2)(0) = −2
𝑎23 = −((−1)(−4) − (2)(2)) = 0
𝑎31 = (2)(4) − (1)(0) = 8
𝑎32 = −((−1)(4) − (−2)(0)) = 4
𝑎33 = (−1)(1) − (−2)(2) = 3
18 12 6
𝐴𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) = [−4 −2 0]
8 4 3

f) 𝐴−1
2 4
3 −
3 3
1 𝑡 1 18 −4 8 1 2
𝐴−1 = · (𝐴𝑑𝑗 (𝐴)) = · [12 −2 4] = 2 −
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) 6 3 3
6 0 3
1
[1 0 2]
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