PROPERTY""

REAL
PERSONAL

The law does not define but merely enumerates.

REAL, examples

1. Land
2. Trees
3. Buildings, houses, and other structures attached to the soil
If natutulak mo lang, personal property yun.
4. Birdhouse attached to the land. And the birds while inside the house are real property. Pag umaga na, sumisinag
an yung araw, sabi nila "TIME TO FLYYY", one by one they flew out of the bird house. Ayun, personal na ulit kasi
lumilipad na.
If bird cage, movable, so personal property.
5. Created pond, with Tilapia fingerlings
So nung summer napansin mo napakainit, nako mukhang uhaw na uhaw yung mga ibon kasi yung mga tuka ng
ibon nakabuka tapos yung dila nakalabas din tapos yung pakpak nakabuka. So in short, yung kanilang mga armpit
naiinitan. Kaya sabi mo kawawa naman yung mga ibon, kailangan nila ng constant source of water. Alright,
eeeehhh wala naman nearby na ilog or lake, kaya sabi mo "MAKAPAG HUKAY NGA DITO". In short, meron akong
hinukay from here up to there hinukay ko lang yan and when you were digging you noticed a strange looking
object. Alright, inabot mo then you examined closely, sabi mo "Ay bato lang pala, may lumot" and habang hawak
mo yun batong yun, PERSONAL PROPERTY. Pero nung napansin mo na ordinaryong bato lang pala yon binato mo
ule, it again became REAL PROPERTY.

So you have to provide a source of water for the birds, so yung hinukay mo nilagyan mo ng tubig. Alright so now
you have a pond. Yung pond, walang question yung lupa real property yon. Kaya lang yun tubig na inigib mo, ha,
that was personal property kasi kinuha mo yun sa gripo. So kung di man yon maynilad, manila water yon. Nilagay
mo sa pond, it had become real property.

Ngayon, you realized stagnant water ito. It may become a breeding ground for mosquitos. Sabi mo delikado to,
tinutulungan ko nga yun mga birds pero kung mangitlog at mangitlog ito at may dalang malaria ako naman
madisgrasya. In short, to keep away mosquitos from breeding naglagay ka ng tilapia fingerlings, mga fingerlings
langoy ng langoy yan. Alright, yung tilapia fingerlings, although they are moving, they are real property. Okay?
Kahit gumagalaw yun.

O ngayon, one afternoon, nagutom kasabi mo tinatamad naman na ako na lumabas pa, ano kaya makakain and
the you recall "Aba meron nga pala akong mga alagang tilapia!". In short, you got a net, you scooped, alright yung
fish patalun talon dun sa net. Alright, thats a personal property. E kaso narealize mo ang liliit pa ng mga isda, mas
marami pang tinik kesa laman binalik moa gad, so they become again real properties.
O ngayon you realized that the fruits in your tree become smaller and less. Sabi mo bakit kaya nagkaganito ito?
Bata pa naman yung puno. Aaaahh, baka payat na yung lupa. So what you did was you went to the supermart,
you bought a bag of a fertilizer. Yung fertilizer, while it is still in the bag, thats personal property. But when you
apply it to the soil, it becomes a real property. Malinaw?

O ngayon, meron kang property tabing ilong. Malawak. Sabi mo sayang naman itong lupang ito, ha, ano kayang
magawa dito? Well im a retiree na so sabi ko ayaw ko naman mamatay agad kaya I might as well, all my life I have
 been an employee, subukan ko kayang maging entrepreneur. Magtayo kaya ako ng factory building dito? Kahit di
na Malaki. Alright. Walang question yung factory building real property. *3 o'clock prayer*
Okay sige. Soooo nagtayo ka ng *PAX ANNOUNCEMENT*
So nakapagtayo ka na ng warehouse as big as this room. So to put up an industry, you brought machineries. And
those machineries brought in to a tenement by the owner of the tenement for the purpose of carrying out an
industry in that tenement, they are also real properties. They become real properties by incorporation. Napasama.
Okay. Alsooo, o ayon ediii retiree ka na yung property mo tabing ilog. Ngayon sabi mo nakakapagod pala, so you
thought of doing exercise after office work. Kaya tamang tama sabi mo, ganda nga buting itong property ko tabing
ilog. So in short you bought a kayak. So you did kayaking in that river. Kaya lang problema pagbalik mo pagod na
pagod ka kasi mahirap amgkayak upstream. Kaya angpaddle ka. Kaya lang pagdating sa property mo, pagod na
pagod ka na. So what you did was, you constructed a pier or port to which you attached your kayak. And the law
says that a pier or wharf, permanent or floating, they are also real properties.

Also mentioned in the law as real properties are easements and servitude. I will talk more about this later. But
for a while, when we talk about easement and servitude, it is a burden imposed on real property/ies in favor of
other real properties which properties are owned by different persons.

Also, all rights arising from real properties. Kaya halimbawa ikaw ay may ari ng lupa tapos iminorgage mo yung
lupa, yung rights ng mortgagee are real properties. O hindi mo natubos yung lupa yung utang mo that was secured
by your real property kaya yung mortgagee foreclosed extrajudicially your land. Alright, as mortgagor you have
the right of redemption. And ypur right of redemption is a real property.

Also provided in the law as real properties are contracts for public works kaya kung kinakailangan na sementuhan
yang mendiola and the contract was awarded to you, your contract to concretize mendiola, ha, is a real property.

Alright, the law enumerated 10 real properties. Ngayon meron idinagdag ang supreme court, SUGAR QUOTAS.
So you may add as eleventh, sugar kuwotas. So kung ikaw ay ahente ng kung ano man, ang sasabihin "O yung
kwota mo for the month". Kwota Q U O T A kwota. Sugar kotas. Kaya ang tanong nyo, ano yung sugar quotas?
Okay ito yun, US doesnt produce its own sugar. LAhat ng sugar sa US, imported. And many countries are
producing sugar, one of them Philippines. And the US wants to be as friendly with as many countries as possible.
Kasi nga mabuti nang maraming kaibigan kaysa kaaway. Kaya ang ginawa ng US, o sigeeee yung aming sugar
requirements bibilhin naming sa ibat ibang bansa. One of them Philippines. Kaya kung ano yung napaassign sa
Philippines, yun ang kuwota ng Pilipins sa US.

O NGAYON, WHAT ARE PERSONAL PROPERTIES?

Pag sinabing personal properties, as the law provides, it includes

1. forces of nature brought under control by science.

Best example is, electricity. Electricity is a force. Kung hindi kayo naniniwalang force and electricity ipasok nyo
yung daliri nyo dun sa socket at meron kayong mararamdaman bigla kayong itutulak ng malakas. Kayapara
maitulak ka, force. Kaya lang, BTW who discovered electricity? A: Benjamin Franklin.
2. Shares of stock even tho issued by a corporation with a lot of real properties.

O halimbawa, Ayala land, Filinvest, Ortigas, kung stockholders ka niyan may shares ka. Ang tanog, personal yan or
real property? Basta tandaan nyo lang shares of stock are personal properties.

3. All other properties which can be moved from place to place

 Kaya yang personal properties are also known as MOOOVABLES. On the other hand, real properties are also
known as IMMOVABLES. Malinaw? Alright ngayon, pag movables they can be:

FUNGIBLE OR NON-FUNGIBLE
CONSUMMABLE OR NON-CONSUMMABLE
CORPOREAL OR INCORPOREAL

CORPOREAL yung nakikita nyo, INCORPOREAL yung hindi nyo nakikita. Corpo, corpus.

Ngayon properties can be: REAL OR PERSONAL. Also properties can be: PRINCIPAL, ACCESSION, ACCESSORY.

Principal, we are talking of only one thing. Kaya pag isang bagay lang ang pinaguusapan, yung bagay na yon, principal.
Maliwanag? Ngayon pag sinabi naman Accession, as the law defines it, is something attached to another either naturally
or artificially. E ano naman ang Accessory? An accessory is a thing attached to another for embellishment or adornment.
Then kapag meron kayong sinabi na accession, there are 2 things, yung principal to which the accession is attached at pag
sinabi mo na accessory, there is aprincipal to which the accessory is attached. And hindi pwedeng magkaron ng accession,
accessory ng walang principal. Naintidihan nyo? Talaga?

Tanong. What is a CAR RADIO? PRINCIPAL. Cos di nakakabit sa kotse. Kaya lang pag ikinabit na sa kotse, accessory na yon
because its intention is to embellish the car.

Another example, WOMAN. Although a woman is not a thing just to give an example of accessories and accession.
Tandaan nyo a woman is not a property. You cannot own a woman, you can only possess a woman. Kaya hindi yan property
kasi one of the essential features of property is ownership. *Bloodletting announcement* Sige *Young bedan astronomers
announcement WORLD SPACE WEEK*

Accessories ng babae, embellish her, to adorn her, to make her more attractive. Intention na yon although the result may
be different: EARRINGS, BRACELET, NECKLACE, ANKLET. CLOTHES. (and his DOM jokes, wont transcribe cos incriminating
haha)

Accessions ng babae: Boobies, pwet. Attached naturally or artificially. (and his DOM jokes)

Accessories, mentioned in the law is your muebles. In English, furniture. And the law said some things cannot be
considered as muebles. One of them, CASH. AND THEN JEWELRY. So halimbawa, sa bahay inistock yung 1000 peso bill
pinatungan ng glass. In short, ginawang center table or side table. Ang tanong muebles ba yon? HINDIIII. Because the
express provision of the law, cash cannot be considered as muebles. Likewise jewelry. Ginawa mong kama or sofa, still not
muebles. Muebles in English is furniture. And what is the plural of furniture? A: PIECES OF FURNITURE. PIECES OF
EVIDENCE, PIECES OF ADVICE, PIECES OF EQUIPMENT.

*The LAW ALSO PROVIDES THAT THE OWNER OF THE LAND IS NOT ONLY THE OWNER OF THE SURFACE BUT ALSO OF
EEEEVERYTHING BENEATHE, AND ALSO OF ALL THE SPACE ABOVE.

Exceptions:

1. Minerals underneath your land because under Regalian doctrine, they belong to the State.
2. W?ater under Water Code; but owner of the land may draw water from that land for domestic consumption
without the need of securing government permit. E.g. pangluto, panglaba, pangligpit, pangligo, panghugas ng
kotse mo.

If pangnegosyo mo like carwash, laundry, hindi na pang domestic consumption, you need to secure a permit from the
government, from the Local Water Utilities Administration. Malinaw?
BENEATHE

HIDDEN TREASURES deposit of things of value, under the soil, and the ownership of which does not appear, not known.

So when you found a rectangular object and inside it are gold bars, silver, coins WITH A METAL PLATE WITH THE NAME
"IMELDA MARCOS", hindi yon mapapasayo kasi ownership is KNOWN. Okay sana under the soil, things of value, kaso ang
problema lumabas kung sino ang may ari. While it is treasure, it is not hidden. KUNG HIDDEN TREASURE SANA YON, SAYO
NA YON.

BECAUSE THE OWNER OF THE LAND WHERE HIDDEN TREASURE IS FOUND OWNS IT. But if it was found by another,
which is not considered a trespasser, then the finder shares it with the owner of the land equally. But if trespasser, he
does not share. Doesnt belong to him.

In some exams, I have this question: a person tries to throw party as it is his birthday. Nagpunta sila dun sa dampa. And
they went inside a establishment. Ngayon nalaman ng mayari ng establishment na malaki yung grupo nyo at birthday mo,
sabi nung owner ng birthday ng restaurant palibre naming sa iyo isang timba ng talaba. Kaya lang, order kayo ng isang
case ng beer. In short, Malaki naman kayo. Inshort, sige. Sinerve na nga yun isang case ng beer at ang isang timba ng talaba.
At sabi ng mga kasama mo, O birthday mo mauna ka na. You chose the biggest. Sinubo mo na agad iyon.Kaya lang before
throwing away the Shell, napansin mo dun sa Shell ng talaba meron pa lang Pearl. Sabi ng mayari ng restaurant samin yan
hindi yan sa yo! Ang tanong sinong may ari ng pearl: yung customer o yung may ari ng restaurant?

A: CUSTOMER. Not hidden treasure kasi ang hidden treasure nasa ilalim ng lupa. Diba? Hindi rin accessory. Bakit yung
talaba ba sinuot niya yung perla para gumanda siya? Hindi accessory yun, accession, tumutubo lang sa talaba/OYSTER.
REASON, CUSTOMER ANG MAY ARI BY DELIVERY. BY DELIVERY, OWNERSHIP IS TRANSFERRED.

SPACE ABOVE

GAANO KATAAS? No limit. But owner cannot complain on the normal requirements of aerial navigation.

O Ngayon, when we talk about properties, we also talk about ownership.

OWNERSHIP totality of rights

Property without owner RES NULLIUS

Property with owner RES ALICUJUS

Ano ba ang ownership. Actually ownership is a very big right. It has a lot of component rights.

1. Right to possess, as owner JUS POSIDENDI

2. Right to enjoy fruits JUS FRUENDI
3. Right to use JUS UTENDI
4. Right to abuse JUS ABUTENDI
5. Right to Dispose of JUS DISPONENDI
6. Right to recover JUS VINDICANDI; deprived of possession or ownership
7. Right to possess not as an owner JUS POSSESSIONIS

Basta nagtatapos sa "NDI", owner.