1

B GIO DC V O TO
I HC NNG

NGUYN QUANG THI

THIT LP V TI U HA S CNG NGH

NH MY LC DU NGHI SN THANH HA VI
NGUYN LIU DU TH TRUNG NG NHP T KUWAIT

Chuyn ngnh: Cng ngh Ha hc

M s: 60.52.75

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

Nng - Nm 2011
 2

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti

I HC NNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. NGUYN TH THANH XUN

Phn bin 1: TS. Nguyn nh Lm

Phn bin 2: PGS. TS. Phm Ngc Anh

Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm Lun vn tt

nghip thc s khoa hc hp ti i hc Nng vo ngy 29
thng 07 nm 2011.

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:

- Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng
- Trung tm Hc liu, i hc Nng.
 3

M U
1. L do chn ti:
Ngy nay, nhu cu nng lng lun l vn c ng v
Nh nc ta t ln hng u. thc y tin trnh cng nghip
ha, hin i ha t nc th vn quan trng l s m bo an
ninh nng lng quc gia. Chnh v l ng v Nh nc ta
ch trng u t cc nh my lc du, vi mc ch khai thc ti a
ngun du th sn c, ng thi p ng nhu cu nng lng ngy
cng gia tng theo s pht trin ca t nc, cng nh m bo s
pht trin bn vng khng ph thuc qu nhiu vo nng lng ca
th gii. Bn cnh vic xy dng cc nh my lc du khng ch
c ngha m bo an ninh nng lng quc gia m cn rt hu ch
sn xut ra phn m, nha, cht do, si tng hp, cc cht ty
ra, dc phm,
Vi mong mun tm hiu mt cch tng qut nht nhim v
v quy trnh cng ngh ca mt nh my lc du, t khu chng ct
du th thnh cc phn on du m cho n khu ch bin cc phn
on du m ny thnh cc ngun phi liu khc nhau v phi trn
chng to nn cc loi sn phm du m khc nhau tha mn nhu
cu s dng cng nh p ng cc ch tiu k thut v mi trng,
t thc tin ca D n Lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn, ti quyt
nh chn ti Thit lp v ti u ha s cng ngh Nh
my Lc du Nghi Sn, Thanh Ha vi nguyn liu du th
Trung ng nhp t Kuwait thc hin lun vn Thc S.
Ngoi mc nh thit thc ca ti i vi bn thn ti trong vic
hiu r hn v nh my lc du Nghi Sn, c c hi vo lm vic
trong nh my, ng gp phn nh kin thc hc c ca mnh vo
cng cuc pht trin ca t nc, ti ny c ngha rt ln i
 4

vi b mn Cng ngh ha hc Du v kh, khoa Ha, i hc

Bch Khoa Nng. T s liu thc t thu thp c trong qu trnh
xy dng s cng ngh cho nh my, ti ny s l ngun ti
liu tham kho chnh cho sinh vin ca ngnh. Bn cnh , vi vic
ti u ha s cng ngh, ti mong mun s l ngun ti liu
tham kho nh gi li v mt k thut s cng ngh hin ti
ca nh my lc du Nghi Sn, to ra cc loi sn phm du m khc
nhau p ng y tiu chun k thut, mi trng, ng thi tha
mn nhu cu tiu th nng lng du m cho c min Bc theo mc
tiu d n ra.
2. Mc ch nghin cu:
ti tp trung vo cc mc ch nghin cu sau:
Xy dng c s d liu i vi ngun du th Trung ng
nhp khu t Kuwait lm nguyn liu cho nh my.
Xy dng s cng ngh nh my lc du Nghi Sn i t
ngun du th Kuwait v nhu cu sn phm du m thc t c
kho st.
Ti u ha s cng ngh nh my theo hng nh gi li
sn lng sn phm thu c trn nguyn tc ti a li nhun.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu:
Da trn c s ngun du th Kuwait lm nguyn liu cho
nh my v nhu cu sn phm, cng nh ch tiu cht lng sn
phm ca nh my xy dng ln m hnh hot ng chung ca
nh my lc du Nghi Sn.
Do gii hn v thi gian v ti liu trong khun kh ca lun
vn Thc S, ti ny ch cp n qu trnh tnh ton v xy
dng chi tit s cng ngh nh my ph hp vi ngun du th v
 5

cc sn phm du m thu c theo ng s liu khai thc c t

d n Lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn.
4. Phng php nghin cu:
Da trn assay du th Kuwait, nh gi cc gi tr im ct
khc nhau tnh ton s b hiu sut thu hi cc phn on du m.
Tnh ton tt c cc tnh cht khc nhau lin quan n c
tnh k thut v mi trng ca tng phn on du m da trn s
liu thu thp c cng nh cc cng thc lin quan.
Xy dng hon chnh b c s d liu cho du th Kuwait.
Tnh chi tit cn bng vt cht v nng lng cho tng phn
xng theo cng sut ti a.
Thit lp s cng ngh cho nh my lc du.
Lp trnh cho bi ton ti u, dng phn mm Lingo gii bi
ton phi liu.
Trn c s kt qu nhn c tnh ton li hiu qu kinh t
ca nh my lc du Nghi Sn.
5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti:
T s liu thc t thu thp c trong qu trnh xy dng s
cng ngh cho nh my, ti ny s l ngun ti liu tham kho
chnh cho sinh vin ca ngnh.
Vi vic ti u ha s cng ngh, ti mong mun s l
ngun ti liu tham kho nh gi li v mt k thut s cng
ngh hin ti ca nh my lc du Nghi Sn, to ra cc loi sn
phm du m khc nhau p ng y tiu chun k thut, mi
trng, ng thi tha mn nhu cu tiu th nng lng du m cho
c min Bc theo mc tiu d n ra.
 6

6. Cu trc ca lun vn:

Chng 1. Tng quan khu lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn
Thanh Ha.
Chng ny s trnh by tng quan v Lin hp lc ha du
Nghi Sn v sn phm thng mi ca nh my.
Chng 2. Thit lp s cng ngh khu Lin hp lc ha
du Nghi Sn.
Chng ny tp trung vo qu trnh tnh ton xy dng s
cng ngh nh my ph hp vi nhu cu sn lng v cng sut thit
k ca nh my.
Chng 3. Ti u ha s cng ngh Khu lin hp lc ha
du Nghi Sn bng phn mm Lingo.
Chng ny xy dng ma trn bi ton ti u trn bng tnh
Excel v lp trnh bi ton trn phn mm Lingo.
Chng 4. Kt qu ti u t phn mm Lingo Phn tch v
nhn xt.
Chng ny tp trung phn tch kt qu thu c t phn
mm Lingo. T kt qu ta nh gi li v mt cng ngh ca nh
my cng nh hiu qu kinh t ca tng phng n.
 7

Chng 1:
TNG QUAN KHU LIN HP LC HA DU
NGHI SN THANH HA
1.1. Gii thiu tng quan khu lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn
Thanh Ha
1.1.1. Tng quan v khu lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn
Lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn thuc khu kinh t Nghi Sn
nm pha Nam ca tnh Thanh Ho, cch H Ni 200 km, c
ng b v ng st Quc gia chy qua, c cng bin nc su
cho tu c ti trng n 30.000 DWT (Dead Weight Tonnage) cp
bn,khu kinh t Nghi Sn c nh gi l trng im pht trin
pha Nam ca Vng kinh t Bc B, ng thi l cu ni gia vng
Bc B vi Trung B, vi th trng Nam Lo v ng Bc Thi
Lan.
1.1.2. Mc ch xy dng khu lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn
Thanh Ha
- p ng nhu cu th trng trong nc v m bo an ninh
nhin liu.
- Cung cp nguyn liu pht trin cng nghip Ha Du.
- Gp phn pht trin kinh t khu vc pha Bc v m bo
s pht trin ng u ca c nc.
1.1.3. Cng sut thit k v nhu cu sn phm thng mi ca
nh my
Theo d kin, vi cng sut thit k 10 triu tn du th/nm
t ngun nguyn liu du th nhp t Kuwait, nh my lc du Nghi
Sn s m bo cung cp xng du v cc sn phm du m khc
cho ton b min Bc.
 8

1.2. Nguyn liu dng cho khu Lin hp lc ha du nghi Sn

1.2.1. L do chn du Kuwait lm nguyn liu cho nh my
Nc ta khai thc ngun du th ti m Bch H - Vng Tu
l ngun du tng i sch vi hm lng lu hunh thp
(0.041%wt) rt tt lm nguyn liu cho nh my lc du. Tuy
nhin, chng ta khai thc m du Bch H t nhng nm 1973 khi
t nc cha c nh my lc du nn ngun du th khai thc
c ch yu l bn cho nc ngoi. n nm 2009 nh my lc du
Dung Qut i vo hot ng th ngun nguyn liu ch yu cho nh
my l du Bch H, do m bo s hot ng lu di v lin
tc ca khu lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn th ngun du th cung
cp cho nh my chng ta phi hp tc v nhp du th Trung ng.
Cc phng n pha trn du th Kuwait, Dubai v S T en
c nghin cu v cho ta thy rng phng n 100% du Kuwait l
cho li nhun th ln nht l 1041 triu USD/nm. Chnh v vy, du
th Kuwait c la chn lm ngun nguyn liu chnh cho lin hp
lc ha du Nghi Sn.
1.2.2. Cc tnh cht c trng ca du Kuwait
Du Kuwait thuc loi du trung bnh do c d = 0,8760 v
o
API =29,9.
Do c cha hm lng lu hunh cao (khong 2,65%) nn
du Kuwait thuc loi du chua.
Du Kuwait cha nhiu cc kim loi nng nh hm lng Ni
l 10,1ppm, Vanadi 31,1ppm v Iron 0,7ppm.
Hm lng Nit trong du Kuwait cao khong 372 ppm do
vy d gy ng c xc tc v lm cho du khi tn cha c tnh n
nh khng cao.
 9

1.3. Cc sn phm thng mi ca lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn

Sn phm thng mi ca Lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn gm:
- Cc sn phm nng lng nh: LPG, xng, jet A1, diesel, FO.
- Cc sn phm phi nng lng nh: benzen, para-xylene, poly-
propylene, lu hunh.
1.3.1. Cc sn phm nng lng
1.3.1.1. LPG
LPG c tch ra t phn on nh khi chng ct du th,
thnh phn gm propan C3 v butan C4 c phi trn theo t l:
C3/C4 = 7:3 hay C3/C4 = 5:5 ty thuc vo iu kin s dng.
1.3.1.2. Xng (Gasoline)
Phn on xng vi khong nhit si di 1800C bao
gm cc hydrocacbon t C5 C11.
Mt trong nhng tnh cht quan trng nht ca nhin liu
xng l phi c kh nng chng li s chy kch n. c trng gi
l tr s octane.
Ngoi ch s RON th hm lng lu hunh trong xng cng
l mt tnh cht quan trng.
Tnh cht quan trng khc khi s dng xng lm nhin liu l
p sut hi bo ha.
1.3.1.3. Nhin liu phn lc JET A1
Mt s tnh cht quan trng cn lu khi s dng nhin liu
phn lc nh:
Nhit tr: L lng nhit c gii phng khi t chy mt
n v nhin liu trong iu kin tiu chun.
im ng c (Freezing Point) l nhit ti sn phm
lng em lm lnh trong iu kin nht nh khng cn chy c
na.
 10

1.3.1.4. Nhin liu Diesel

Nhin liu Diesel c ly ch yu t phn on gasoil ca
qu trnh chng ct du m c khong nhit si trong khong
2500C-3500C, vi thnh phn gm cc hydrocacbon t C16-C20.
Tnh cht s dng i vi nhin liu diesel thng phm:
Ch s cetane, thnh phn phn on, nht, im chp chy, im
vn c, im chy,
1.3.1.5. Du t FO
Nhin liu t l (Fuel Oils FO) l sn phm ch yu ca
qu trnh chng ct thu c t phn on gasoil khi chng ct du
th nhit si ln hn 3500C.
Nhin liu t l phi p ng c nhng tiu chun quy
nh nh: hm lng lu hunh, nht,
1.3.2. Cc sn phm phi nng lng
1.3.2.1. Benzen
c sn xut bng phng php reforming xc tc (Al-Pt)
nhit 4800C-5200C vi p sut 20 atm.
1.3.2.2. Para-xylene
c sn xut ch yu bng phng php reforming xc tc
nhit 4800C-5200C vi p sut 35-40 atm.
1.3.2.3. Poly-propylene
L nguyn liu chnh cho ngnh cng nghip sn xut vt
liu polymer composite.
1.3.2.4. Lu hunh
c thu hi t cc dng kh chua c cha hm lng lu
hunh cao nh (H2S, COS, CS2).
 11

Chng 2:
THIT LP S CNG NGH KHU LIN HP
LC HA DU NGHI SN
2.1. Cu trc mt nh my lc du
Nh my lc du bao gm:
- Cm phn tch du th.
- Cc phn xng chuyn ha.
- Hot ng phi trn sn phm.
2.1.1. Cm phn tch du th
2.1.1.1. Phn xng chng ct kh quyn
Sn phm ca phn xng chng ct kh quyn bao gm cc
phn on sau:
- Phn on kh.
- Phn on xng.
- Phn on Kerosene.
- Phn on Gasoil hay Diesel.
- Phn on Mazut l cn ca thp chng ct kh quyn (RA)
2.1.1.2. Phn xng chng ct chn khng (DSV)
2.1.2. Cc phn xng chuyn ha
Mc ch cc phn xng ny nhm chuyn ha cc phn
on nng thnh cc phn on nh hn, ti a thu hi cc sn phm
trng (kh, xng, diesel) ng thi sn xut cc ngun phi liu (bn
sn phm) tha mn ch tiu k thut v mi trng theo tiu chun
quy nh.
2.1.2.1. Phn xng Cracking xc tc (FCC)
Cracking xc tc l mt qu trnh chuyn ha c s dng
rng ri nht nng cao gi tr ca cc hydrocacbon nng, qu trnh
 12

ny s chuyn ha hydrocacbon nng thnh cc hydrocacbon c

im si thp hn, c gi tr cao hn.
2.1.2.2. Phn xng Refoming xc tc (CCR)
Phn xng CCR c nhim v chuyn ha cc cu t xng
nng c s nguyn t Cacbon t C6 n C10 m ch yu l C7 n C9
thnh cc hydrocacbon thm tng ng di tc dng ca xc tc v
iu kin cng ngh v sn xut lng ln H2.
2.1.2.3. Phn xng Isome ha (ISOM)
Nhm sn xut xng c ch s octane cao nhng vi nguyn
liu l phn on xng nh v qu trnh chuyn ha l bin i cu t
parafine (C5, C6) thnh iso-parafine c ch s octane cao.
2.1.2.4. Phn xng Alkyl ha (ALK)
y cng l mt qu trnh quan trng trong nh my lc du
nhm mc ch ci thin cht lng ca xng.
2.1.2.5. Phn xng kh lu hunh (HDS)
Phn xng HDS x l cc phn on trung bnh nh Ker,
gasoil, LCO nhm loi b ch yu hm lng lu hunh tha mn
cc ch tiu k thut mi trng ca cc ngun phi liu ny.
2.1.2.6. Phn xng Merox
Phn xng Merox c th k nhm chuyn ha thnh
phn lu hunh mecarptan thnh disulfua.
2.1.2.7. Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (SRU)
Mc ch thit k thu hi lu hunh t cc kh chua.
2.2. S cng ngh nh my lc du Nghi Sn
2.2.1. Phn xng chng ct du th (CDU)
Cng sut thit k: 10 triu tn/nm (tng ng 200000
thng/ngy).
 13

Phn xng chng ct kh quyn c thit k ch bin

100% du th Kuwait.
2.2.2. Phn xng thu hi v x l LPG (LPGRU)
Cng sut thit k: 6500 thng/ngy.
Mc nh thit k ca phn xng thu hi LPG l nhm thu
c dng sn phm giu C3/C4, thu hi phn on C3/C4 t
c hiu qu v mt kinh t, v x l lng LPG thu hi t
c cc ch tiu cht lng thng mi. ng thi thu hi v tch
mt lng xng.
2.2.3. Phn xng x l naphtha bng hydro (NHT)
Cng sut thit k: 54100 thng/ngy.
Mc nh thit k ca phn xng (NHT) l x l hn hp
Naphtha t phn xng LPGRU v Raffinate t phn xng AROS
bng hydro.
2.2.4. Phn xng Isome ha C5/C6 (ISOM)
Cng sut thit k: 23400 thng/ngy.
Chuyn ha dng naphtha nh x l hydro c tr s octan
thp thnh Isomerate c tr s octan cao.
2.2.5. Phn xng Reforming xc tc (CCR)
Cng sut thit k: 39700 thng/ngy.
Mc ch thit k phn xng Reforming xc tc (CCR) l
to ra Reformate c tr s octane v hm lng cc cht thm cao.
2.2.6. Cm phn xng hydrocacbon thm (AROS)
Mc ch tch v thu hi lng Benzene v paraxylene.
2.2.7. Phn xng x l cn RA bng hydro (RHDS)
Cng sut thit k : 105000 thng/ngy.
 14

Phn xng RHDS kh tp cht lu hunh c trong cn ca

phn xng chng ct kh quyn CDU lm nguyn liu cho phn
xng Cracking xc tc (RFCC).
2.2.8. Phn xng cracking xc tc (RFCC)
Cng sut thit k: 80000 thng/ngy.
Mc ch ca phn xng RFCC l chuyn ha cn chng
ct kh quyn c x l bng hydro t phn xng RHDS thnh
cc hydrocacbon nh hn, c gi tr cao hn.
2.2.9. Phn xng x l Kerosene bng hydro (KHDS)
Cng sut thit k: 20000 thng/ngy.
Mc ch thit k ca phn xng x l kerosene bng hydro
l kh cc hp cht lu hunh gy n mn trong kerosene.
2.2.10. Phn xng x l Gas oil bng hydro (GOHDS)
Cng sut thit k: 60000 thng/ngy.
Mc ch thit k ca phn xng GO HDS x l lu hunh.
2.2.11. Phn xng trng hp Poly-propylene (PPU)
Phn xng c thit k sn xut poly-propylene t
propylene. Propylene thu c t phn xng LPG Merox t ngun
LPG ca phn xng RFCC.
2.2.12. Phn xng Alkyl ha (ALK)
Cng sut thit k: 707 ktn/nm.
Phn xng Alkyl ha sn xut cu t pha xng Alkylate
c tr s octan cao.
2.2.13. Phn xng Merox
Mc ch thit k chuyn ha cc hp cht mecarptan thnh
disulphur.
2 R-SH + 1/2 O2 RSSR + H2O
 15

2.2.14. Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (SRU)

Thu hi lu hunh c trong thnh phn kh chua (H2S,COS).
2.2.15. Phn xng thu hi sn xut hydro (HMU)
Sn xut H2 cung cp cho cc phn xng x l bng H2.
2.2.16. Phn xng x l nc chua
X l cc dng nc chua t cc phn xng.
2.2.17. Phn xng ti sinh Amin
X l amin s dng t phn xng ra amin.
2.3. Phi trn sn phm
2.3.1. Phi trn cho LPG v xng
LPG c phi trn t cc bn sn phm: C3, C4.
Cc bn sn phm c s dng phi trn to xng gm:
hn hp C4, xng isomerate, xng reformate, xng nh RFCC qua
merox, alkylate, xng nng RFCC.
2.3.2. Phi trn cho Diesel v Fuel oil
Cc bn sn phm c s dng phi trn to auto diesel
v industrial diesel gm: kerosene t KERO HDS, diesel t GO
HDS, diesel t RHDS, LCO t RFCC.
Cc bn sn phm c s dng phi trn to Fuel oil
gm: Kerosene t KERO HDS, diesel t GO HDS, diesel t RHDS,
HYARO t cm tch hydrocacbon thm, LCO t RFCC, HCO t
RFCC.
2.3.3. Phi trn cc sn phm ha du

Benzene t phn xng AROS.

Para-xylene t phn xng AROS.

Poly-propylene t phn xng PPU.

Sulphur t phn xng SRU.
 16

Chng 3:
TI U HA S NH MY NGHI SN
BNG PHN MM LINGO
3.1. Tng quan v phn mm lingo
3.1.1. Khi nim v quy hoch tuyn tnh
Quy hoch tuyn tnh l mt m hnh ton hc dng tm
gi tr nh nht hoc ln nht ca mt hm tuyn tnh theo mt s
bin cho trc, tha mn mt s hu hn cc rng buc c biu
din bng h phng trnh v bt phng trnh tuyn tnh.
3.1.2. Quy hoch tuyn tnh trong lc du
3.1.2.1. Yu cu v ti u ha trong nh my lc du
3.1.2.2. ng dng quy hoch tuyn tnh trong hot ng ca nh
my lc du
Trong cng nghip lc du, quy hoch tuyn tnh c p
dng trong cc lnh vc:
- Thit k cu hnh c s ca nh my lc du.
- La chn nh gi ngun du th nguyn liu.
- Ln k hoch vn hnh di hn v ngn hn.
- nh gi chi ph u t cho cc thit b trong quy trnh.
- Qun l hot ng ca nh my lc du.
- iu khin vic pha trn sn phm.
- Qun l vic tn tr.
3.1.2.3. c trng ca mt m hnh quy hoch tuyn tnh cho nh
my lc du
Hm mc tiu: ti a li nhun.
Li nhun = ( gi tr ca sn phm) - ( chi ph nguyn liu th)-
(Chi ph vn hnh).
Cc rng buc:
 17

- Rng buc v nguyn liu: lng nguyn liu tn tr.

- Rng buc v kh nng sn xut ti a ca cc phn xng.
- Rng buc v tn tr: dung tch ca cc bn cha.
- Rng buc v sn phm: nhng tiu chun quy nh v cht
- lng sn phm.
- Rng buc v tiu th nng lng.
3.1.3. Gii thiu v phn mm Lingo
Phn mm lingo l mt chng trnh h tr vic gii cc bi
ton ti u trong quy hoch tuyn tnh mt cch kh hiu qu.
Cc bc cn tin hnh:
- M hnh ha qu trnh sn xut.
- Xc nh cc bin v cc rng buc.
- Xy dng ma trn ca bi ton trn bng tnh Excel.
- Khai bo cc mng cha bin, cc kiu rng buc, RHS v
cc h s.
- Lin kt d liu gia Excel v Lingo.
- Gii ti u bng Lingo v trao i kt qu.
3.2. Xy dng cu trc bin v cc rng buc
3.2.1. Cu trc bin
Gm cc bin: bin phn tch, bin chuyn ha, bin phi
trn, nng lng ni b, nhp khu, xut khu.
3.2.2. Cu trc cc rng buc
Gm cc rng buc sau: rng buc bn sn phm, rng buc
v sn phm ni b, rng buc max, rng buc min.
3.3. Xy dng ma trn ca bi ton ti u trn bng tnh Excel
3.3.1. Cu trc ma trn ca bi ton thng gp
 18

Bng 3-1: Cu trc ma trn ca bi ton thng gp

Cu trc bin
Gi tr bin
Du RHS
Cn bng sn phm v bn sn phm
Rng buc khng ch cht lng
Cc rng buc c bit
Rng buc v kh nng sn xut, lu tr
HM KINH T (MC TIU)
3.3.2. Xc nh cc h s cho bng ma trn
Da vo bng cn bng vt cht v s m hnh ha qu
trnh sn xut (theo ti liu Foster Wheeler Energy LTD (2005),
Process Document of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical complex
ca nh my lc du Nghi Sn).
3.4. Phng php khai bo v lin kt d liu vi Excel
Lp trnh lin kt d liu gia excel vi phn mm lingo
bng ngn ng lp trnh visual basic.
3.5. Gii ti u bng Lingo v trao i kt qu
Sau khi chy phn mm Lingo, phn mm s tm ra mt gi
tr ti u km theo cc thng s khc gip ta phn tch cc kt qu
tm c, ng thi phn mm cng s trao i kt qu vi bng tnh
Excel cho ta cc h s ti cc gi tr bin v gi tr ca hm mc
tiu.
 19

Chng 4:
KT QU TI U T LINGO PHN TCH & NHN XT
4.1. ngha cc gi tr hin th t phn mm LINGO
4.1.1. ngha cc gi tr Variable, Value, Reduced Cost
- Variable: Tn bin.
- Value: Gi tr bin.
- Reduced Cost: l s lng m h s hm mc tiu ca bin s
phi ci thin trc khi n tr nn c li cho bin s ang cp mt
gi tr dng trong kt qu ti u.
4.1.2. Slack or Surplus
Ct Slack or Sulplus trong bng bo co kt qu ca Lingo cho
bit bn gn p ng cc rng buc v tnh cn bng nh th no.
4.1.3. Dual Price
dual price nh l s lng m hm mc tiu cn phi thay
i khi gi tr RHS (Right Hand Side) ca rng buc b tng thm
mt n v.
4.1.4. Lingo/Range
Thay i mt h s trong hm mc tiu m khng gy ra
thay i ca bt k gi tr ti u ca bin s quyt nh.
4.2. Phn tch kt qu trong trng hp RFCC Max propylene
vi nguyn liu l du th Kuwait
4.2.1. Kt qu ti u khi phi trn to xng MG92/95
Global optimal solution found.
Objective value: 0.1089301E+08
Tc l chi ph ti thiu nh my sn xut ra cc sn phm
LPG, Xng MG92/95, JETA1, AU.DO, IN.DO, FO, Benzene, Para-
xylene, Poly-propylene, Sulphur p ng tt c cc rng buc ca bi
ton l 10893012 USD/ngy.
 20

Ngoi kt qu v gi tr ti thiu ca hm kinh t, trong bn

bo co kt qu ca Lingo cng a ra mt gi tr dual price vi mi
rng buc, phn tch kt qu ta thy rng:
 Khi nhu cu tng thm mt tn LPG/ ngy
Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price
49 LPG 0.0000000 -512.0000
Ta thy rng nu nhu cu tng thm mt tn LPG/ngy th
hm kinh t s tng ln 512 USD, hay ni cch khc chi ph ti thiu
cn phi tr thm ca hm mc tiu sn xut thm 1 tn LPG/ngy
l 512 USD.
Chy li kt qu ti u cho ta thy r iu :
Global optimal solution found.
Objective value: 0.1089352E+08
4.2.2. Phm vi thay i gi cc h s ca hm mc tiu m
khng lm thay i gi tr ca cc bin s
- Phm vi thay i gi ca du th Kuwait:
Ranges in which the basis is unchanged:
Objective Coefficient Ranges
Current Allowable Allowable
Variable Coefficient Increase Decrease
GT_BIEN(KW_CR)395.0700 119.2988 INFINITY
Gi tr bin ca du th Kuwait ti thi im kho st l
395.07 USD/tn, sau khi chy kt qu ti u bng phn mm Lingo
cho ta c kt qu bin thin v gi ca du th Kuwait nh sau.
Gi du th c php tng 119,2988 USD v gim n v cng m
gi tr ti u ca bin s cng nh phng n sn xut vn khng
thay i.
 21

4.2.3. Phm vi thay i cc gi tr RHS m khng lm thay i

phng n sn xut
- Phm vi thay i nhu cu LPG:
Righthand Side Ranges
Row Current Allowable Allowable
RHS Increase Decrease
49 LPG 762.0000 512.9746 INFINITY
Ta thy rng nhu cu ti thi im kho st ca LPG l 762
tn/ngy, tuy nhin nu nh ta tng thm mt lng 512,9746 v
gim n v cng nhu cu ca LPG th hon ton khng lm thay i
nhng gi tr ti u ca Dual price v Reduced Cost.
4.2.4. Phn tch gi tr Reduced Cost
Variable Value Reduced Cost
GT_BIEN(LPGIMP) 0.0000000 1.180000
GT_BIEN(MG92IPM) 0.0000000 16.60000
GT_BIEN(MG95IPM) 0.0000000 16.60000
GT_BIEN(JA1IPM) 0.0000000 16.86000
GT_BIEN(AUDOIPM) 0.0000000 11.13324
Tc l, h s hm mc tiu ca bin s LPGIMP cn phi
gim i 1,18 USD, ca bin s MG92, MG95 cn phi gim 16,6
USD, ca bin s JA1 cn phi gim 16,86 USD, ca bin AU.DO
cn phi gim 11,13324 USD, cc bin s ny tr thnh mt la
chn hp dn i ti mt gii php ti u nht, hay ni cch khc
chi ph ti thiu ca nh my s tng tng ng vi gi tr Reduced
Cost ca bin s c th a mt n v ca bin s ny i n
mt gii php ti u.
 22

4.2.5. Kt qu khi chy Lingo cho trng hp phi trn to xng

MG92/95/98
Sn phm xng c tc tng trng tiu th cao nht trong
s cc sn phm lc du Vit Nam. Loi xng ch yu RON92
c tiu th cho hai loi xe t v xe my, loi xng RON95
c a ra th trng trong thi gian gn y nhm p ng nhu
cu nhin liu cho dng xe cao cp. Tuy nhin, trong mt s nm ti
nhu cu tiu th loi xng RON92 c d bo vn cao nhng nhu
cu v loi xng c ch s RON95 v RON98 s tng do nhu cu
nhin liu cho dng xe hi cao cp trong nhng nm ti s tng
mnh. Do , khi kho st nhu cu th trng xng ca Vit Nam th
Lin hp lc ha du Nghi Sn tnh n phng n c sn xut
xng RON98 nh sau.
Kt qu khi chy Lingo cho trng hp phi trn to xng
MG92/95/98:
Global optimal solution found.
Objective value: 0.1090745E+08
Cng nh phng n khng sn xut xng MG98, th phng
n c sn xut xng MG98 khi chy ti u kt qu bo co ca Lingo
cng cho ta bit ngoi kt qu v gi tr ti thiu ca hm kinh t,
trong bn bo co kt qu ca Lingo cng a ra mt gi tr dual
price vi mi rng buc, cng nh gi tr Reduced Cost hay Range
Report (km theo trong bng ph lc).
4.3. Trng hp RFCC Max gasoline vi nguyn liu l du
th Kuwait
Trong trng hp RFCC Max gasoline th ch hot ng
ca phn xng RFCC thay i so vi trng hp RFCC Max
propylene, trng hp Max gasoline sn phm C3/C4 ch chim
 23

13,96%wt v lng xng thu c l 43,69%wt, cn i vi trng

hp RFCC Max propylene th sn phm C3/C4 l 26,66%wt v lng
xng thu c l 35,21%wt. Mt khc nhu cu tng sn phm ca c
hai ch l khng i (24672 tn/ngy), do vy trong ch vn
hnh RFCC Max gasoline ta tnh li nhu cu ca tng sn phm
ph hp vi ch vn hnh ca nh my, v trong ch vn hnh
ny ta cng tnh ton ti u cho hai ch vn hnh l c sn xut
xng MG98 v khng sn xut xng MG98.
T nhu cu sn phm trong trng hp ch RFCC max
gasoline ta thit lp v tnh ton li chi ph v phng n sn xut
ca nh my trn phn mm Lingo trong cc trng hp phi trn
to xng MG92/95 v MG92/95/98 thu c kt qu nh sau:
Kt qu khi chy Lingo cho trng hp phi trn to xng MG92/95.
Global optimal solution found.
Objective value: 0.1090758E+08
Kt qu khi chy Lingo cho trng hp phi trn to xng
MG92/95/98.
Global optimal solution found.
Objective value: 0.1092066E+08
Nh vy ta thy rng chi ph cho phng n sn xut c
xng MG98 cao hn so vi khng sn xut xng MG98 l 0.12%.
Cng nh trng hp ch RFCC Max propylene, th cc
phng n khng sn xut xng MG98 v phng n c sn xut
xng MG98 trong trng hp ch RFCC Max gasoline khi chy
ti u, kt qu bo co ca Lingo cng cho ta bit ngoi kt qu v
gi tr ti thiu ca hm kinh t, trong bn bo co kt qu ca Lingo
cng a ra mt gi tr dual price vi mi rng buc, cng nh gi
tr Reduced Cost hay Range Report (km theo trong bng ph lc).
 24

4.4. nh gi hiu qu kinh t trong cc trng hp ti u ca

hm kinh t
T kt qu phn tch khi chy ti u bng phn mm Lingo
ta c bng so snh hiu qu kinh t trong cc trng hp ch
RFCC max propylene v RFCC max gasoline.
Bng 4-1: So snh hiu qu kinh t trong cc trng hp
RFCC max propylene v RFCC max gasoline
Ch RFCC Max propylene Max Gasoline

MG MG
Phng n SX MG 92/95 MG 92/95
92/95/98 92/95/98

Min chi ph USD 10893012 10907451 10907582 10920655

Gi xut FOB USD 14081108 14101993 13618083 13640112

Max li nhun USD 3188096 3194542 2710501 2719457

T l li nhun % 22.64 23 19.9 19.94

T bng so snh hiu qu kinh t trn ta thy rng:

i vi ch RFCC max propylene cho ta li nhun cao
hn so vi ch vn hnh RFCC max gasoline, v chi ph sn xut
cng thp hn so vi ch vn hnh RFCC max gasoline.
T ta thy, thu c t l li nhun cao cho nh my
v gim thiu chi ph sn xut th ch vn hnh ca RFCC max
propylene l ti u nht vi phng n sn xut xng MG92, MG95
v MG98 li nhun thu c l 23%.
i vi phng n sn xut xng MG98 th chi ph cao hn,
tuy nhin li nhun thu c l 23% ln hn so vi phng n
khng sn xut xng MG98, nhng do nhu cu th trng nn nh
my vn sn xut MG98 m khng lm thay i phng n sn xut.
 25

KT LUN V KIN NGH

1) Kt lun:
T cc s liu thu thp c v d n Lin hp lc ha du
Nghi Sn Thanh Ha, em thit lp v m hnh ha s vn hnh
ca nh my lc du Nghi Sn Thanh Ha vi nguyn liu du th
Trung ng nhp t Kuwait.
S dng phn mm Lingo tm ra phng n sn xut ti
u vi mc tiu ti thiu chi ph vn hnh cho nh my m vn p
ng c cng sut thit k cng nh phng n sn xut m nh
my ra , cng kt qu phn tch cc yu t nh hng n gi
tr ca hm mc tiu hay phng n sn xut.
2) Hng pht trin ca ti:
Tuy nhin, do nh my cha i vo hot ng thng mi
nn nhng s liu tnh ton trong ti da theo ti liu Foster
Wheeler Energy LTD (2005), Process Document Nghi Son Refinery
and Petrochemical complex Limited Liability Company ca nh
my lc du Nghi Sn, Bo co kh thi D n Nghi Sn
(Petrovietnam v Idemitsu), ti liu thit k cho du Arabe nh
(MOB) v cc s liu tham kho thc t t nh my lc du Dung
Qut l im hn ch ca ti.
Khi i vo hot ng thng mi vo nm 2013 vi s liu
thc t thu c t nh my, em hy vng ti s c p dng
nh gi li v mt k thut s nh my cng nh cc phng n
sn xut mt cch ti u v chnh xc hn c th gim ti thiu
chi ph v tng ti a li nhun cho nh my.
Do thi gian c hn v s lng s liu cn s l trong nh
my lc du l qu nhiu nn trong qu trnh lm ti khng trnh
 26

khi sai st. Mong c s gp ca cc thy c ti ca em

c hon thin hn.
ti s nh gi li v mt k thut s nh my cng
nh cc phng n sn xut mt cch ti u v chnh xc hn khi
nh my i vo hot ng thng mi vo cui nm 2013.