CHNG I: IN TON M MY

1.1. t vn

Ngy nay, i vi cc cng ty, doanh nghip, vic qun l tt, hiu qu d liu
ca ring cng ty cng nh d liu khch hng, i tc l mt trong nhng bi ton
c u tin hng u v ang khng ngng gy kh khn cho h. c th qun
l c ngun d liu , ban u cc doanh nghip phi u t, tnh ton rt nhiu
loi chi ph nh chi ph cho phn cng, phn mm, mng, chi ph cho qun tr vin,
chi ph bo tr, sa cha,.vv Ngoi ra h cn phi tnh ton kh nng m rng,
nng cp thit b, phi kim sot vic bo mt d liu cng nh tnh sn sng cao
ca d liu.

T mt bi ton in hnh nh vy, chng ta thy c rng nu c mt ni tin

cy gip cc doanh nghip qun l tt ngun d liu , cc doanh nghip s khng
cn quan tm n c s h tng, cng ngh m ch tp trung chnh vo cng vic
kinh doanh ca h th s mang li cho h hiu qu v li nhun ngy cng cao hn.

Thut ng cloud computing cn c bt ngun t tng a tt c mi

th nh d liu, phn mm, tnh ton, ln trn mng Internet. Chng ta s khng
cn trng thy cc my PC, my ch ca ring cc doanh nghip lu tr d liu,
phn mm na m ch cn mt s cc my ch o tp trung trn mng. Cc
my ch o s cung cp cc dch v gip cho doanh nghip c th qun l d liu
d dng hn, h s ch tr chi ph cho lng s dng dch v ca h, m khng cn
phi u t nhiu vo c s h tng cng nh quan tm nhiu n cng ngh. Xu
hng ny s gip nhiu cho cc cng ty, doanh nghip va v nh m khng c c
s h tng mng, my ch lu tr, qun l d liu tt.

Vy cloud computing l g? N c th gii quyt bi ton trn nh th no v c

nhng c im ni bt g? Chng ta s i qua cc phn sau nm r vn ny.

1.2. nh ngha

in ton m my (cloud computing) l mt khi nim rng, n tng quan

vi cc phng thc cung cp c s h tng, dch v v phn mm thng qua
mng theo nhu cu, ph hp vi quy m. in ton m my da trn mt nn
tng o ha, trong cc kho ti nguyn (o ha) c t chc mt cch linh
ng v li ch ca cc ng dng v phn mm. iu ny s lm thay i cch thc
cc ng dng c vit ra v cung cp Cisco System

in ton m my l mt m hnh h tr truy cp qua mng thun tin, theo

nhu cu vo mt kho ti nguyn in ton c th nh cu hnh c (nh l ti
nguyn mng, my ch, lu tr, ng dng v dch v) c th c cung cp v thu
hi nhanh chng vi cng sc qun l hoc tng tc ca nh qun tr mc
ti thiu. M hnh in ton m my m bo sn sng v c cu thnh t
nm c tnh cn thit, ba m hnh cung cp v bn m hnh trin khai NIST
(Vin tiu chun v Cng ngh Quc gia, M). M hnh in ton m my theo
NIST c minh ha hnh v di y.

Hnh 1.1: M hnh in ton m my ca NIST

1.3. u v nhc im ca cloud computing

1.3.1 u im

Nhng u im v th mnh di y gp phn gip "in ton m

my" tr thnh m hnh in ton c p dng rng ri trn ton th gii.

Tnh linh ng: Ngi dng c th thoi mi la chn cc dch v ph hp

vi nhu cu ca mnh, cng nh c th b bt nhng thnh phn m mnh
khng mun. (Thay v phi b ra hng trm USD cho 1 b Ms office, ta c
 th mua ring l tng phn hoc ch tr 1 khon ph rt nh mi khi s dng
1 phn no ca n).

Gim bt ph: Ngi dng khng ch gim bt chi ph bn quyn m cn

gim phn ln chi ph cho vic mua v bo dng my ch. Vic tp hp
ng dng ca nhiu t chc li 1 ch s gip gim chi ph u t ban u,
cng nh tng hiu nng s dng cc thit b ny mt cch ti a.

To nn s c lp: Ngi dng s khng cn b b hp vi 1 thit b hay 1

v tr c th no na. Vi in ton m my, phn mm, d liu c th c
truy cp v s dng t bt k u, trn bt k thit b no m khng cn phi
quan tm n gii hn phn cng cng nh a l.

Tng cng tin cy: D liu trong m hnh in ton m my c lu

tr 1 cch phn tn ti nhiu cm my ch ti nhiu v tr khc nhau. iu
ny gip tng tin cy, an ton ca d liu mi khi c s c hoc thm
ha xy ra.

Bo mt: Vic tp trung d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau s gip cc

chuyn gia bo mt tng cng kh nng bo v d liu ca ngi dng,
cng nh gim thiu ri ro b n cp ton b d liu. (D liu c t ti 6
my ch khc nhau trong trng hp hacker tn cng, bn cng s ch b
l 1/6. y l 1 cch chia s ri ro gia cc t chc vi nhau)

Bo tr d dng: Mi phn mm u nm trn server, lc ny, ngi dng s khng

cn lo lng cp nht hay sa li phn mm na. V cc lp trnh vin cng d dng
hn trong vic ci t, nng cp ng dng ca mnh.
1.3.2 Nhc im

Tuy nhin, m hnh in ton ny vn cn mc phi mt s nhc im sau:

Tnh ring t: Cc thng tin ngi dng v d liu c cha trn in ton
m my c m bo c ring t, v liu cc thng tin c b s dng v
mt mc ch no khc?
 Tnh sn dng: Liu cc dch v m my c b treo bt ng, khin cho
ngi dng khng th truy cp cc dch v v d liu ca mnh trong nhng
khong thi gian no khin nh hng n cng vic?

Mt d liu: Mt vi dch v lu tr d liu trc tuyn trn m my bt

ng ngng hot ng hoc khng tip tc cung cp dch v, khin cho ngi
dng phi sao lu d liu ca h t m my v my tnh c nhn. iu
ny s mt nhiu thi gian. Thm ch mt vi trng hp, v mt l do no
, d liu ngi dng b mt v khng th phc hi c.

Tnh di ng ca d liu v quyn s hu: Mt cu hi t ra, liu ngi

dng c th chia s d liu t dch v m my ny sang dch v ca m
my khc? Hoc trong trng hp khng mun tip tc s dng dch v
cung cp t m my, liu ngi dng c th sao lu ton b d liu ca h
t m my? V lm cch no ngi dng c th chc chn rng cc dch
v m my s khng hy ton b d liu ca h trong trng hp dch v
ngng hot ng.

Kh nng bo mt : Vn tp trung d liu trn cc m my l cch

thc hiu qu tng cng bo mt, nhng mt khc cng li chnh l mi
lo ca ngi s dng dch v ca in ton m my. Bi l mt khi cc
m my b tn cng hoc t nhp, ton b d liu s b chim dng.

Cc quy nh php lut cho cc dch v, gia khch hng v nh cung cp.

1.4. M hnh tng quan ca in ton m my

Cc ngun in ton khng l nh phn mm, dch v ... s nm ti cc my ch o
(m my) trn Internet thay v trong my tnh gia nh v vn phng mi ngi
kt ni v s dng mi khi h cn.
 Hnh 1.2: M hnh tng quan ca in ton m my
Hin nay, cc nh cung cp a ra nhiu dch v ca in ton m my theo nhiu
hng khc nhau, a ra cc chun ring cng nh cch thc hot ng khc nhau.
Do , vic tch hp cc cloud gii quyt mt bi ton ln ca khch hng vn
cn l mt vn kh khn. Chnh v vy, cc nh cung cp dch v ang c xu
hng tch hp cc m my li vi nhau thnh sky computing, a ra cc chun
chung gii quyt cc bi ton ln ca khch hng.

1.5. Cc loi hnh m my

1.5.1 m my cng cng

m my cng cng l cc dch v m my c mt bn th ba (ngi bn)

cung cp. Chng tn ti ngoi tng la cng ty v chng c lu tr y v
c nh cung cp m my qun l.

Cc m my cng cng c gng cung cp cho ngi tiu dng vi cc phn t

cng ngh thng tin tt nht. Cho d l phn mm, c s h tng ng dng hoc
c s h tng vt l, nh cung cp m my chu trch nhim v ci t, qun l,
cung cp v bo tr. Khch hng ch chu ph cho cc ti nguyn no m h s
dng, v th ci cha s dng c loi b.
 Tt nhin iu ny lin quan n chi ph. Cc dch v ny thng c cung
cp vi "quy c v cu hnh," ngha l chng c phn phi vi tng cung
cp cc trng hp s dng ph bin nht. Cc ty chn cu hnh thng l mt tp
hp con nh hn so vi nhng g m chng c nu ngun ti nguyn c
ngi tiu dng kim sot trc tip. Mt iu khc cn lu l k t khi ngi tiu
dng c quyn kim sot mt cht trn c s h tng, cc quy trnh i hi an ninh
cht ch v tun th quy nh di lut khng phi lc no cng thch hp cho cc
m my chung.

1.5.2 m my ring

m my ring l cc dch v m my c cung cp trong doanh nghip.

Nhng m my ny tn ti bn trong tng la cng ty v chng c doanh
nghip qun l.

Cc m my ring a ra nhiu li ch ging nh cc m my chung thc

hin vi s khc bit chnh: doanh nghip c trch nhim thit lp v bo tr m
my ny. S kh khn v chi ph ca vic thit lp mt m my bn trong i khi
c th c chiu hng ngn cn vic s dng v chi ph hot ng lin tc ca m
my c th vt qu chi ph ca vic s dng mt m my chung.

Cc m my ring a ra nhiu li th hn so vi loi chung. Vic kim sot

chi tit hn trn cc ti nguyn khc nhau ang to thnh mt m my mang li
cho cng ty tt c cc ty chn cu hnh c sn. Ngoi ra, cc m my ring l l
tng khi cc kiu cng vic ang c thc hin khng thit thc cho mt m
my chung, do ng vi cc mi quan tm v an ninh v v qun l.

1.5.3 m my lai

m my lai l mt s kt hp ca cc m my cng cng v ring. Nhng

m my ny thng do doanh nghip to ra v cc trch nhim qun l s c
phn chia gia doanh nghip v nh cung cp m my cng cng. m my lai s
dng cc dch v c trong c khng gian cng cng v ring.

Cc m my lai l cu tr li khi mt cng ty cn s dng cc dch v ca c

hai m my ring v cng cng. Theo hng ny, mt cng ty c th phc tho
cc mc tiu v nhu cu ca cc dch v v nhn c chng t m my cng
cng hay ring, khi thch hp. Mt m my lai c xy dng tt c th phc v
cc quy trnh nhim v-ti hn, an ton, nh nhn cc khon thanh ton ca khch
hng, cng nh nhng th l khng quan trng bng kinh doanh, nh x l bng
lng nhn vin.

Hn ch chnh vi m my ny l s kh khn trong vic to ra v qun l c

hiu qu mt gii php nh vy. Phi c th nhn c v cung cp cc dch v ly
t cc ngun khc nhau nh th chng c ngun gc t mt ch v tng tc gia
cc thnh phn ring v chung c th lm cho vic thc hin thm ch phc tp hn
nhiu. Do y l mt khi nim kin trc tng i mi trong in ton m my,
nn cch thc hnh v cc cng c tt nht v loi ny tip tc ni ln v bt c d
chp nhn m hnh ny cho n khi hiu r hn.

1.5.4 m my cng ng

m my cng ng l m my lin quan n vic chia s c s h tng gia

cc t chc, cc nhm i tng c mc ch chia s cng mt ni dung. V d nh
cc t chc hay mt nhm i tng thu nhng m my ring chia s chung
nhng ni dung v m nhc, phim nh, cng ngh, qun s

1.6. c im ca in ton m my

Nhanh chng ci thin vi ngi dng c kh nng cung cp sn cc ti

nguyn c s h tng cng ngh mt cch nhanh chng v t tn km.

Chi ph c gim ng k v chi ph vn u t c chuyn sang hot ng

chi tiu. iu ny lm gim ro cn cho vic tip nhn, chng hn nh c s h
tng c cung cp bi i tc th 3 v khng cn phi mua dng cho cc tc v
tnh ton thc hin 1 ln hay chuyn su m khng thng xuyn. Vic nh gi
da trn c s tnh ton theo nhu cu th tt i vi nhng ty chn da trn vic
s dng v cc k nng IT c i hi ti thiu (hay khng c i hi) cho vic
thc thi.

S c lp gia thit b v v tr lm cho ngi dng c th truy cp h thng

bng cch s dng trnh duyt web m khng quan tm n v tr ca h hay thit
b no m h ang dng, v d nh PC, mobile. V c s h tng off-site (c
cung cp bi i tc th 3) v c truy cp thng qua Internet, do ngi dng
c th kt ni t bt k ni no.

Vic cho thu nhiu c th chia s ti nguyn v chi ph gia mt phm vi

ln ngi dng, cho php:

Tp trung ha c s h tng trong cc lnh vc vi chi ph thp hn (chng

hn nh bt ng sn, in, v.v.)

Kh nng chu ti nng cao (ngi dng khng cn k s cho cc mc ti

cao nht c th).

Ci thin vic s dng v hiu qu cho cc h thng m thng ch 10-20%

c s dng.

tin cy ci thin thng qua vic s dng cc site c nhiu d tha, lm n

thch hp cho tnh lin tc trong kinh doanh v khi phc sau s c. Tuy nhin,
phn ln cc dch v ca in ton m my c nhng lc thiu ht v ngi gim
c kinh doanh, IT phi lm cho n t i.

Tnh co gin linh ng (theo nhu cu) cung cp ti nguyn trn mt c s

mn, t bn thn dch v v gn thi gian thc, khng cn ngi dng phi c k s
cho chu ti. Hiu sut hot ng c quan st v cc kin trc nht qun, kt ni
lng lo c cu trc dng web service nh giao tip h thng.

Vic bo mt ci thin nh vo tp trung ha d liu, cc ti nguyn ch trng

bo mt, v.v nhng cng nng cao mi quan tm v vic mt quyn iu khin
d liu nhy cm. Bo mt thng th tt hay tt hn cc h thng truyn thng,
mt phn bi cc nh cung cp c th dnh nhiu ngun lc cho vic gii quyt cc
vn bo mt m nhiu khch hng khng c chi ph thc hin. Cc nh
cung cp s ghi nh (log) cc truy cp, nhng vic truy cp vo chnh bn thn cc
audit log c th kh khn hay khng th.

Kh nng chu ng xy ra thng qua vic tn dng ti nguyn c ci

thin, cc h thng hiu qu hn. Tuy nhin, cc my tnh v c s h tng kt hp
l nhng th tiu th nng lng ch yu.
1.7. Cc gii php

in ton m my ra i gii quyt cc vn sau:

Vn v lu tr d liu: D liu c lu tr tp trung cc kho d liu

khng l. Cc cng ty ln nh Microsoft, Google c hng chc kho d liu
trung tm nm ri rc khp ni trn th gii. Cc cng ty ln ny s cung
cp cc dch v cho php doanh nghip c th lu tr v qun l d liu ca
h trn cc kho lu tr trung tm.

Vn v sc mnh tnh ton: C 2 gii php chnh.

o S dng cc siu my tnh (super-computer) x l tnh ton.

o S dng cc h thng tnh ton song song, phn tn, tnh ton li (grid
computing).

Vn v cung cp ti nguyn, phn mm: Cung cp cc dch v nh IaaS

(Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), SaaS (Software
as a Service).

Hnh 1.3: Minh ha v dch v ca in ton m my

1.8. So snh in ton m my v in ton truyn thng

S khc nhau gia in ton m my v in ton truyn thng c th hin

trong bng di y:

Bng 1: S khc nhau gia in ton truyn thng v in ton m my

im so snh

in ton truyn
thng

S dng Ring Chia s

Tnh d s dng Mua sm phn cng T phc v

truyn thng

Kh nng m rng Cc dch v mi c M rng theo nhu cu

b sung mt cch th
ng

sn sng Sa cha cc s c mt T ng khi phc nh tch

cch th cng hp/tng tc

Cung cp Sau hng thng Sau vi pht

Chi ph Tng dn Tr tin theo mc s dng

 CHNG II C TNH HA LUNG LU LNG IP
2.1. Tng quan v lu lng IP

c nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v c tnh ha lu lng Internet, c v

kha cnh phn tch ln kha cnh nm bt, o lng cht lng [1 - 5]. Cc cng
trnh ch ra rng cng ngh mng Internet pht trin nhanh hn so vi s pht
trin v phn tch v hiu bit l thuyt v cch x l mng. iu kim ch trong
lnh vc d on cc dch v, php o lin quan n di hng i v tr mng,
tuy nhng k thut s dng m hnh ton hc truyn thng c mt s thnh cng,
nht l l thuyt hng i. Nhiu l do khin vic tp hp cc c tnh lu lng
Internet (c mng ng trc) khng nhn c nhiu s quan tm ng mc.
Trong , nguyn nhn chnh l n lc ch tp trung vo cc hot ng sn xut,
khng c thi gian, ngun lc dnh cho vic thu thp, h thng ha d liu. iu
ny dn n s tn t khong cch gia cc kt qu th nghim (trong mi trng
c lp) vi nhng c tnh ca c s h tng Internet rng ln phn tn mi ni
v trn phm vi ton cu [6 - 10]. gim nh khong cch gia l thuyt v thc
nghim, y da trn c s l thuyt tin hnh iu tra mng vin thng ti n v
cung cp dch v nhm tng hp cc s liu lu lng, ng gp vo s hiu bit
v hnh vi mng quy m ln. S d nh vy l v kh nng l thuyt v hnh vi
mng c th p dng, to iu kin cho cc nh cung cp dch v mng thc hin
c hiu qu v qun l, pht trin c s h tng quy m ln. Ngc li, i hi thc
t v cung cp dch v lm ng lc ng dng kt qu ca lnh vc nghin l thuyt
n th gii thc ca mng.

2.1.1. V vn lu lng v phn loi lu lng trn Internet

C nhiu loi lu lng khc nhau cng tn ti trn mng, ty theo tng ng
dng c th. C th phn cc ng dng thnh loi theo thi gian thc v khng theo
thi gian thc. Cc loi lu lng khc nhau c nhng c tnh ngu nhin v nhu
cu v QoS khc nhau. C th phn tch cc yu cu v QoS da trn cc mc thi
gian v mc truyn dch v (mc gi, cuc gi) khc nhau. Thng s dng phn
tch thng k xc nh cc c tnh lu lng v s dng cc c tnh lu lng
vi cc yu cu tng ng ca loi dch v lm cc tham s chnh phn loi
lu lng IP [11 - 15]. M hnh lu lng i vi dch v c bn (thoi) da trn l
thuyt Erlang, gm hai tham s chnh (tc xut hin cuc gi v thi gian chim
gi trung bnh) xc nh lu lng ra ng vi thi gian s dng ti nguyn. Nu
phn b Poisson ph hp vi thng k xut hin cc cuc gi th i vi mt h
thng c N knh, tng lu lng A, thi gian gi cuc trung bnh , tr ln nht
cho php trc khi cuc gi mi b kha T, xc sut khng c server (h thng bn,
cuc gi mi b kha) GOS theo m hnh Erlang B v xc sut khi tr ln hn T
tun theo m hnh Erlang C [11]:

AN
N!
Erlang B: GOS= N k (1.1)
kA!
K=0

N (N A )T
A
GOS= N 1
e
Erlang C: A A
k
A + N ! (1 )
N
N K =0 k !

2.1.2 Lung lu lng IP, c ch kt thc v thuc tnh lung

Hin cha c nh ngha thng nht v chun ho no i vi lung lu

lng Internet (ty mc ch nghin cu m lung lu lng c nh ngha theo
cch khc nhau). Mc tiu y l xy dng m hnh nhn dng lu lng ca cc
ng dng trn mng Internet trn c s cc kt qu phn tch c tnh, biu hin
hot ng ca lung lu lng. Nn, nhu cu s dng nh ngha c th cung cp
c nhiu thng s thng k lung lu lng v ng nht theo thi gian.

Chng ti s dng phng php nh ngha lung lu lng gn ging

vi phng php ca RTFM, trong thut ng "kho" c s dng ch tp
cc thuc tnh a ch trn cc lp khc nhau ca m hnh TCP/IP, gm cc thng
s v a ch IP ngun, a ch IP ch, cng ng dng ngun, cng ng dng ch
v ch s nhn dng giao thc TCP: Hai gi lin tip c xem l thuc cng mt
lung nu chng khng cch nhau qu mt khong thi gian cho trc (gi l thi
gian time-out), nu khng mt lung mi s c to ra.
Bng 2.1. Cc thuc tnh chung ca cc lung
STT Thuc tnh M t
 Tp 5 tham s: a ch IP ngun, ch; cng
1 Kho (nh ngha lung) ng dng ngun, ch; s nhn dng giao
thc
2 Bt u Thi im n ca gi u tin ca lung
3 Kt thc Thi im n ca gi cui cng ca lung
4 Thi lng di lung lu lng o bng s
5 Kch thc gi u di phn ti tin ca gi y u tin
Xc nh hng truyn ca lung (10 gi tr
ri rc): 1: hng t nt khi to n nt
6 Hng mt s gi u
p ng
-1: theo hng ngc li
T l gia tng s byte d liu truyn gia
7 T l d liu
khi to v p ng lung
Phn b ri rc khong thi gian gia thi
im n ca cc gi thuc lung, th hin
Phn b gia cc thi im
8 bi chui 9 bin gi tr lin tc (t l tng
n ca gi
i cc gi c thi im n nm trong bin
)
di phn ui ca biu phn b thi
Phn b gia cc thi im
9 im n ca cc lung lu lng quan st
n ca lung
trong mt ca s thi gian cho trc
T l % s lng lung quan st c trong
10 Phn b s lung
mt ca s thi gian cho trc (2 pht)
Cc thuc tnh th hin phin lm vic kiu i thoi
T l gia s lng gi y thuc on
dt
i thoi trn tng s gi y ca lung
T l gia s lng gi y thuc on
11
dt i thoi trung bnh trn tng s gi y
ca lung
T l cc gi i thoi truyn bi pha khi
dt
to phin lm vic
12 Cc thuc tnh th hin phin lm vic kiu giao dch
Du hiu cho bit mc thng xuyn
gd ca cc trao i gi kiu ping-pong quan
st c trong lung lu lng
 Bng 2.2. Cc thuc tnh trn mi hng ca lung
STT Thuc tnh M t Kiu gi tr
Phn b ri rc: Cc khong thi
gian gia cc I.A.T ca cc gi trn
Gia thi im n 9 gi tr lin
1 hng ang xt. Gi tr trong mi
(I.A.T) ca cc gi tc
bin nm gia 0 v 1, th hin t l
tng i cc gi trong bin.
Phn b ri rc: Chiu di phn ti
tin ca gi (bin gi tr v chiu di 23 gi tr
2 Phn b ti tin
phn ti tin ca mi gi, gi tr trong lin tc
mi bin nm gia 0 v 1)
Tng s byte truyn (c cc byte tiu
3 S byte lp mng v lp vn chuyn) trn Lin tc
hng xt
Tng s byte d liu truyn trn
4 S byte d liu Lin tc
hng xt
5 S gi Tng s gi truyn trn hng x Lin tc
Tng s gi y truyn trn
6 S gi d liu Lin tc
hng xt
Cc thuc tnh th hin phin lm vic kiu tng tc t
Lin tc
bn phm
Thay i thi lng gia cc ln
p pht gi tng tc (nhn t bn Lin tc
phm)
Du hiu tng tc da trn t l cc
p Lin tc
7 gi nh
Du hiu v s xut hin lin tc ca
p Lin tc
cc gi nh
p Du hiu v kiu truyn kt hp Lin tc
S khng bnh thng (ng b) ca
p thi lng gia cc gi ca cc gi Lin tc
nh lin tip
8 Cc thuc tnh th hin phin lm vic kiu tng tc dng
Lin tc
lnh
dl S thay i v thi lng gia cc Lin tc
 ln pht gi (i vi cc gi dng
lnh)
Du hiu tng tc da trn t l cc
dl Lin tc
gi nh
Du hiu v s xut hin lin tc ca
dl Lin tc
cc gi nh
dl Du hiu v kiu truyn kt hp Lin tc
S bt thng (ng b) ca thi
dl lng gia cc gi ca cc gi nh Lin tc
lin tip
Cc thuc tnh th hin phin lm vic kiu truyn file Lin tc
S thay i v thi lng gia cc
dl ln pht gi trong qu trnh truyn Lin tc
file
9
Du hiu v kiu truyn d liu da
dl Lin tc
trn t l gi ln
Du hiu v s xut hin lin tc cc
dl Lin tc
gi truyn kt hp
Tc bit trung bnh o trong cc
10 Bit trung bnh Lin tc
khong 5s
Du hiu th hin mc gn vi tr
trung bnh ca tc bit o trong
11 btb Lin tc
cc khong 5s (tnh khng i tc
bit)
Tc gi trung bnh o trong
12 Gi trung bnh Lin tc
nhng khong 5s
Du hiu th hin mc gn vi tr
trung bnh ca tc gi o trong
13 gtb Lin tc
cc khong 5s (tnh khng i tc
gi)
Gi tr trung tm ti Trung tm ca phn b chiu di
14 Lin tc
tin phn ti tin ca cc gi
15 ptb Th hin mc gn vi tr trung Lin tc
tm ca di phn ti tin ca cc
gi (tnh khng i di phn ti
 tin)

Trong qu trnh phn tch lung, ngoi nh ngha kho, phi xc nh cc c

ch bt u, kt thc ca mt lung lu lng. C ba phng php c bn thng
dng xc nh s kt thc ca mt lung lu lng; da trn c ch hot ng
ca giao thc, thi gian time-out c nh v thi gian Time-out thch ng. Trn thc
t, s thuc tnh ca lung lu lng IP thu c l rt ln, nhng ch mt s c
tnh ca lung c s dng cho vic nhn dng, phn loi lung lu lng [5] nh
trong bng 2-1 v bng 2-2.
2.1.3. Cc c tnh lu lng
hiu c ch hot ng phc tp ca mng yu cu c tnh ho lu lng
nh mt hm nhiu tham s. Phng php thng k lu lng phc v mc ch
c tnh ho lu lng mng c chng ti s dng y l phng php gp chi
tit (Aggregation granularity, AG); phn tch h thng trn c s chia h thnh cc
phn h khc nhau (chi tit hn) v tng hp c tnh ca cc phn h c nhng
c tnh ca ton b h . Hnh 2-1 biu din mt cu trc in hnh v phn lp
tng ng ca mi trng mng Internet.
Mt trong nhng cch thu thp cc thng k lin quan n vic c tnh ho
v m hnh ho lu lng mng l ri rc ho cc thnh phn; theo ngha Ri rc
cc thnh phn ly thng tin t mi thnh phn v ri rc cc thnh phn mi
thnh phn biu din c thng tin.
Vic phn tch lu lng thng c thc hin theo hai cch: Phn tch
hng u cui s dng (chia ti theo loi u cui u cui), m t trong hnh 2-
2 v phn tch t pha mng (phn tch, tng hp cc lung lu lng ca mt mi
trng mng cho trc no ) nh m t trong hnh 2-3.
nh gi ton din, trc ht cn phn tch kh nng p ng ca mt
im u cui ca mng, sau phn tch cc c tnh lu lng ca mng. Vic
nh gi theo hng u cui ny c chia lm nhiu loi tham s khc nhau nh:
tr v trt thi gian, mt mt gi tin v thng lng.
Hnh 2.1. Biu din cc phn lp ca mi trng mng Internet

Hnh 2-2. Phn tch cc lung lu lng pha u cui

 Hnh 2-3. Phn tch cc lung lu lng ca mt mi trng mng
2.1.4. Phn tch lu lng mng
Sau khi thu c nhng kt qu cn thit cho vic phn tch lu lng nh
trnh by trn, chng ti nghin cu v a ra cc yu t iu kin cho mt
php phn tch lu lng mng.

S s dng: Mc s dng c th phn nh trong mi php o cc c

tnh phn chia ca mng. Cc s liu thng k v vic phn b d liu (gi
tr trung bnh, sai khc, t l thng k) ch ra khuynh hng s dng
trong khong thi gian no . Lin quan n khi nim v s s dng l
vn tc nghn mng, hn ch v ti nguyn bng thng v nng lc
chuyn mch.

Kh nng tip cn: Phc v cho vic duy tr bng nh tuyn, vic tm kim
trong bng nh tuyn chuyn gi tin trong cc node chuyn mch. Cc
s liu (kch c ca cc bng nh tuyn, s mng IP trong mng Internet c
th nh tuyn chuyn lu lng) l cc ch s phn nh kh nng tip
cn mng.
 Tnh a phng: Lin quan n kh nng tip cn ca mng chnh l lu
lng ti mt im mng c th, phn nh s khng ng nht trong vic
phn b lu lng v mt a l. Cc nh thit k mng rt quan tm n
vic s dng b nh thc qua vic s dng b nh o cng nh b m
[25]. V d, Jain nghin cu so snh vic s dng b nh a ch ti im
(theo khng gian hoc thi gian) [26]; nhm ca Gulati cung cp 4 c
trng ca c tnh a phng ho [27]; Estrin v Mitzel khm ph tnh
cc b a phng bng cch xt mo u trong cc thit b nh tuyn
[31]...

Tnh truyn (Burstiness): Trn quan im phn tch mng, lin quan n
vic phn b chung v tr, trt l tnh truyn ca ton b lu lng
ti lm vic. Tnh truyn m t nh trong hnh 2-4, phi biu din c tin
trnh d liu gia cc thi im n (thi gian gia cc gi n), tin trnh
d liu cc gi n (s gi n trong mi khong thi gian) v nhng tham
s b sung v ni n (cc gi, cc byte, cc lung, cc phin lp giao vn).