A MINI-PROJECT REPORT

ON

BUSBAR PROTECTION
Is submitted to

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR,

ANANTAPUR
Under the guidance of
Mr. SHAIK MOHAMMED RAFI, M.E ,
Assistant Professor,
Department of E.E.E.,

SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,PUTTUR.

(An ISO 9001:2000 Certificate Institution)
(Approved by A.I.C.T.E. New Delhi & Affiliated to J.N.T.U.A., Anantapur)
01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK
OBJECTIVE :
o BUSBAR faults are rare but if they
occur there can be interruption of
supply, considerable damage and loss
to the equipment, property and people
working around.
o Hence busbar protection must be fast
in operation, stable and reliable.
o This project deals with busbar
arrangements, protection schemes
used in 220KV substation
RENIGUNTA.
01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK
BUSBARS :

Conductors to which a number of

circuits are connected.
The material used should have low
resistivity,higher softening temperature,
good mechanical properties and low
cost.
Supported on post or strain Insulators.
The flexible bus is held at higher level
above the various sub-station
Equipment.
01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK
BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS :

SINGLE BUSBAR :

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WITH SECTIONALIZING BREAKER :

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DOUBLE MAIN BUS &
TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

DOUBLE BUS WITH
SECTIONALIZE SYSTEM :

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ONE AND A HALF BREAKER
ARRANGEMENT :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

MESH ARRANGEMENT :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

 VARIOUS CAUSES FOR A FAULT
IN BUSBAR:

Busbar faults are generally single line to ground faults,

phase to phase faults

The main causes for a fault in a busbar :

Failure of support insulator resulting in earth fault.
Flashover across support insulator during over voltages.
Heavily polluted insulator causing flashover.
Failure of connected equipment to the busbar.
Various environmental conditions.

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

 DESIRABLE FEATURES OF
BUS PROTECTION:
High speed operation.
Discrimination between fault in its protected section and fault
elsewhere.
Stability for external faults.
Freedom from unwanted operation.
No operation due to CT saturation or power swings.
Separate control trip circuit of each circuit breaker.
Main and check protection to ensure the isolation only
when desirable.

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

TYPES OF BUSBAR
PROTECTION SCHEMES:
Depending upon the rating of the machine, its
location, relative importance, probability of faults
and abnormal conditions etc., each power system
component is covered by a protective zone.

Differential protection
High impedance protection
Low impedance protection

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

 DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

 HIGH IMPEDANCE BUSBAR
PROTECTION :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

LOW IMPEDANCE BUSBAR
PROTECTION :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

 CT SATURATION :

SATURATION CURVE :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
WITH LINEAR COUPLERS :

The problem of
CT saturation
is eliminated at
its source by
air-core CTs
called linear
couplers.

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

BREAKER FAILURE RELAYS :
LBB: Local Breaker Backup Relay.
BFR: Breaker Failure Relay.
CBF: Circuit Breaker Failure Relay.
LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION

Remote back-up
Local back-up
Relay back-up
Breaker back-up

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

 LBB/BFR FLOW CHART :

MAIN RESET
TRIP FAULT
PROTECTION YES YES BREAKER
MAIN CLEARED
OPERATED FAILURE
BREAKER
SCHEME

NO
RETRIP

TRIP
YES WAIT FOR BACK-UP/
INITIATE AND
FAULT Adjacent
BFR
CLEARENCE BREAKERS

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEME AT
220KV SUBSTATION RENIGUNTA :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

 CTS ARRANGEMENT FOR
BUSBAR PROTECTION :

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 CT RATIOS OF 220KV FEEDERS
AND TRANSFORMERS :
S.no Particulars Ratio available Ratio Adopted
For Buabar
1 220KV manubolu 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A
feeders 1&2
2 220KV mahadeva
mangalam feeders 1&2 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A
3 220KV c.k.palli 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A
4 220Kv koduru feeder 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A
5 220KV bus coupler 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A
6 HV breakers of
300/1-0.66-.375-.375-1A
100MVA, 220/132KV 300/0.375-0.375A
transformers 1, 2 &3
7 Bus-1 C.T 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1A
8 Bus-2 C.T 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1A
01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK
PBDCC SCHEME AT 220 KV SS
RENIGUNTA :
The existing PBDCC scheme at 220 KV SS Renigunta
mainly comprises of 3 panels.
CT Switching panel
Busbar protection panel
Auxiliary relay panel
The full form of PBDCC/PBDCB is as follows:
P- Protection
B- Busbar
D- Differential principle
C- Check zone
B/C- No additional function/additional function (bus
01/08/2011
supervision relay)Dept. of EEE,SISTK
CT SWITCHING PANEL :

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BUSBAR PROTECTION PANEL :

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AUXILIARY RELAY PANEL :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

RELAY SETTINGS FOR PBDCC TYPE :

S.no Particulars Ratio available Ratio Adopted

For Buabar
1 220KV manubolu 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A
feeders 1&2
2 220KV mahadeva
mangalam feeders 1&2 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A

3 220KV c.k.palli 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A

4 220Kv koduru feeder 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A
5 220KV bus coupler 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1-1A
6 HV breakers of 100MVA,
300/1-0.66-.375-.375-1A
220/132KV 300/0.375-0.375A
transformers 1, 2 &3
7 Bus-1 C.T 800/1-1-1-1-1A 800/1A
8
01/08/2011 Bus-2 C.T 800/1-1-1-1-1A
Dept. of EEE,SISTK 800/1A
GENERAL SCHEMATIC
PROTECTION (HIGH IMPEDANCE) :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

DIFFERENTIAL RELAY TEST RESULTS :

BUS SUPERVISION RELAY TEST RESULTS :

01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK

 CONCLUSION :
Busbar has a great importance in the power system and
its protection is essential for smooth stabilised and safer
operation of the network.

In this project,a basic understanding of bus arrangements

and types of busbar protection schemes and the study
extended to BUSBAR PROTECTION IN 220KV SS
RENIGUNTA.

The busbar arrangement used in 220KV SS RENIGUNTA

is double bus arrangement. Even we made some relays
testing related to busbar protection i.e. bus supervision
relay test and differential relay test.
01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK
BIBLIOGRAPHY :
A course in Power systems - J.B.GUPTA
Switch Gear Protection and Power System - SUNIL S. RAO
Technical Reference Book - APTRANSCO
Power Systems Protection and Switchgear
- BADRI RAM ,D. N. VISHWAKARMA

WEBSITES :
www.electricity-today.com/et/Novdec96/busbar.html

www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~npsc2008/NPSC_CD/Data/Oral/CIC2/p110.html

www.abb.com/product/us/9AAC30301050.aspx

01/08/2011
www.fecime.org/referencias/npag/chap15-232-253.html
Dept. of EEE,SISTK
01/08/2011 Dept. of EEE,SISTK