EFFECT OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON

SURFACE FINISH DURING TURNING OPERATION

PROJECT SYNOPSIS
OF MINOR PROJECT

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

I.E.T, MJP ROHILKHAND UNIVERSITY, BAREILLY, UP

PROJECT GUIDE:
Dr. OP UPADHAYAY

PROJECT CO- GUIDE:

Mr. MUNENDRA PAL SINGH SUBMITTED BY:
1- DEVASHISH RAWAT 14ME21
2- DEVENDRA Kr. GUPTA 14ME22

3-RAJAT KUMAR 14ME44

4-ROMIT RAJ 14ME45

 INTRODUCTION
Surface roughness has received serious attention for many years. It has formulated an important
design feature in many situations such as parts subject to fatigue loads, precision fits, fastener
holes, and aesthetic requirements. In addition to tolerances, surface roughness imposes one of the
most critical constraints for the selection of machines and cutting parameters like cutting
velocity, feed, depth of cut, etc in process planning.

Surface roughness is expressed as the irregularities of material resulted from various machining
operations. It is quoted as Ra symbol and used to be called average roughness. Theoretically,
Ra is arithmetic average value of the departure of the profile from the mean line throughout the
sampling length. A Surface finish is the method of measuring the quality of a product and is an
important parameter in machining process. It is one of the prime requirements of customers for
machined parts. For this purpose quality of a product and productivity should be high. In
addition to the surface finish quality is also an important characteristic in turning operation and
high MRR is always desirable. Even in the occurrence of chatter or vibrations of the machine
tool, defects in the structure of the work material, wear of tool, or irregularities of chip formation
contribute to the surface damage in practice during machining.

LITREATURE SURVEY

In their study, Chavoshi and Tajdari , machined AISI 4140 steel with CBN cutting tool on a lathe
and with hardness (H) and cutting rate as variables, they measured Ra values. The feed rate and
depth of cut were kept constant. They found that hardness has significant effect on surface
roughness.

Study by Aruna et al., RSM optimisation methods were used for the purpose of optimizing
cutting parameters with respect to the data obtained from high speed lathe machining of
INCONEL 718 material, a nickel based super alloy by making use of cermet cutting tools. It was
then determined that the most effective parameter affecting surface roughness and tool wear
is the cutting speed.
In another study Sahoo , conducted an experimental study to investigate effects of cutting
speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the formation of surface roughness for AISI 1040 steel
when the material was machined on a CNC turning machine (lathe).

METHODOLOGY

The aim of this study is to investigate the surface roughness AISI H11 steel by using CBN (cubic
boron nitride) coated tool. From the above researches, it can be seen that very few works has
been report yet relating to modeling of surface roughness of in lathe machine during turning
operation using response surface methodology (RSM). It is one of the Design of Experiments
(DOE) methods used to approximate an unknown function for which only a few values are
computed. RSM is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques that are useful for
modeling and analysis of problems in which output or response is influenced by several input
variables and the objective is to find the correlation between the response and the variables
investigated.
Firstly, we perform the turning operation on die steel on lathe machine by varying all the process
parameters (cutting velocity, feed , depth of cut ) and then surface roughness is measured using
a portable stylus type profilometer. Roughness measurements, in the transverse direction, on the
workpiece were repeated four times and average of four measurements of surface roughness
parameter values was recorded.
After that, we us RSM method to determine the quantitative form of relationship between the
desired response and independent input process parameters can be represented by
Y = f (Vc , f, d)
Where, Y is the desired response and f is the response function. In the present investigation, the
RSM-based mathematical models for surface finish has been developed with cutting speed Vc,
feed rate f and depth of cut d as the process parameters.
The response surface equation for three factors is given by
Y = a0 + a1Vc + a2f + a3d + a12Vcf + a13Vcd + a23fd+ a11V2+ a22f 2 + a33 d2
Where, Y is desired response and a0, a1, . a33 regression coefficients to be determined for
each response.
 CONCLUSION
As the experimentation of the proposed study is still to be done we have not come with solid
conclusion at this point of time. The above mention facts and literature have been jotted down
from the internet as a result of curiosity to study the effects of cutting speed, feed rate and depth
of cut in turning of AISI H11 steel using CBN tool on surface finish. The optimum values of
parameters will be determined by experimental method and the quantitative formula is also
evaluated by using RSM technique. This equation can be used to estimate the expressed values
of the performance level for any parameter levels.