Mahar Tay Nar Pati

http://www.cherrythitsar.
org
http://www.cherrythitsar.org
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îíé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
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Mu/
Ekid if HawmfwnfNidraf t;csrf;a&;ESifh Ekdiif Hawmfwkd;wuf
a&;ukd aESmihf,Suzf sufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/
Edkiif aH wmf\ jynfwiG ;f a&;ukd 0ifa&mufpu G zf uf aESmihf
,Suaf om jynfyEkid if Hrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/
jynfwGi;f jynfy tzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf
owfrSwfacsrIe;f Mu/
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pmrlcGihfjyKcsuftrSwf - 1468^2001 (12)

rsuEf mS zHk;cGihfjyKcsuftrSwf - 30^2002 (1)
pDpOfol OD;odr;f pkd;? rif;xG#f0if;

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tkyaf & - 1000
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olESihf pwif awGUqHkou d Rrf;cJh&onfh yxr

qHk;tBudrrf Smyif olonf xl;jcm;aom pdwaf eoabm
obm0&do S l jzpfaMumif; uREfkyf odord Swrf Swf owd
xm;cJhrad vonf/
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tr&yl& a&TNrdKUawmf\ usHK;a&jyifxufwiG f
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udkyif aumif;pGm rjrif&/ eDnKd &ifh&ifh NrdKU½dk;tkwfwH
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onf/ usHK;\ tjcm;bufrS aejynfawmf vrf;rudrk l
rjrif&awmh/
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rdk;puf rdk;aygufrsm;vdkyif xif&awmhonf/ uREfkyf
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aomfvnf; wu,fwrf; at;vSaom tr&yl&
aqmif;&moD0,f rD;vIHí tcsr;f rajy? rD;awmufESihf
eD;aom tydkif;rSmom ylaEG;NyD; tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif
um; aqmif;'Pfudk odoo d mom cHpm;ae&onf/
udk,w f Gif; taEG;"mwfukd uREfkyaf wmifhwrd
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xef;vsut f &ufuav; wpfcu G wf pfzvm;avmuf
AdkufxJ avmif;xnfhvdkuf&&jzifh..../
odakY omf tawG;udk csucf si;f yif z,f&mS ;vdkuf
&onf/
trIawmf xrf;ae&onfh tcsed ?f ta&SUbuf
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uif;tvSnhfus &Jruf\ w0efrSm BuD;rm;vSonf/
rjywfrvyfaom em;rsufpdtm½Hkudk tpGrf;ukef Edk;
Mum;apvsuf uif;apmifhae&onf/
oef;acgif,Htcsderf S pí uif;tvSnh0f ifcJh
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&aom uREfyk \ f wm0efcsed rf Sm eHeuf tHk;armif;acguf

csed af &mufrS NyD;qHk;rnfjzpfonf/ uREykf Ef iS thf wl uif;
apmifhwm0efusaom aoG;aomufBuD; &Jrif;xifrSm
aumif;pGm use;f rmolr[kw?f txl;ojzifh ,ckvdk
tat;"mwf vGeu f JvSaom aqmif;&moDrsKd ;0,f olY
yef;ema&m*gu qdk;qk;d &Gm;&Gm; jzpfvmwwfonf/ ol
acsmif;wpfcsuf qdk;NyDqkdvQif t&yftem;r&dSawmh/
yifyef;BuD;pGm ½dIufiifvsuf acsmif;qdk;ae&&Smaom
olcY rsm touf½LS csed rf S &ygavp[k uREykf x f ifro d nf/
xdakY Mumifh uif;wJtwGi;f &dS rD;zdkem;wGif olu Y kd tdy&f m
jyifay;NyD; wpfcsdefvHk; tem;,lapcJh&onf/ pifppf
aoG;aomufBuD; &Jrif;xifonf NrdKUapmifhwyfwGif
trIawmfxrf;zdkY roifah wmfay/ crsmrSm yef;ema&m*g
twGuf oufom&m oufomaMumif;&Sm&if; bdef;
vnf; pGJae&SmNyD/
uif;wm0efuscsed f jzpfaomaMumifh ol bde;f
vnf; rrsdKom/
&ifacgif;xJrS w&T;D &T;D jrnfoHBuD;jzifh touf
½SL&if; &Jrif;xifonf a0'em cHpm;ae&&Smavonf/
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aEG;aEG;axG;axG;&dSap&ef vkyaf y;zdrkY t S y uREfyk vf nf;

bmrQ rwwfEdkio f jzifh olYtdyf&m\ wpfbufwpf
csufpDwiG f rD;zdkESpfck arT;ay;vdkuf&onf/
,ckrl &Jrif;xifonf 'l;ESi&hf ifbwf xduyf
atmifauG;um rD;zdkESpcf ktMum; tdyfausmaf eavNyD/
ajru&m;xJu a&aEG;Murf;vnf; ol cRJ&Si;f
tmvkyfusif;onfESihf ukefavNyD/ at;pufaeaom
vSH½k;d udk qkyuf kid u
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ay:wGifvnf; ESi;f pufrsm; &TJaeonf/
usio hf m;&aeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh tdyif u kd jf cif;
tvsif;r&dSapumrl tat;'Pf\ ½dkufcwfrIjzifh
rsufcGHrsm; udsef;pyfaeonf/
aEG;axG;pGm tdyfaysmfaeonfh aoG;aomuf
BuD; &Jrif;xif/
tuif;aop jyKaeNyDjzpfonfh rD;zdk/
wazmufazmufusaeonfh ESif;pufrsm;/
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taiGUajcmif;ajcmif; xaeonfh usHK;a&jyif/

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tr&yl & a&TN rd K Uawmf \ jyif ; xefaom
aqmif;&moDatmuf0,f uREfkyfwpfa,mufwnf;
jzpfaeonf/
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udk ydkí cHpm;ae&onf/
tcsdefwkdY ukecf JvSbdjcif;[k awG;aerdpOfrSm
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armif;acgufoaH Mumifh uREfkyw f pfukd,vf Hk; aEG;oGm;
onf[kqdkvQif pum;<u,fvScsnfh[k xifMurnf/
pum; r<u,fygacs/ trSefyif aEG;axG;
oGm;acsonf/
uREfky\ f uif;tvSnhw f m0ef NyD;qHk;oGm;NyD;
aemuf tvSnu hf sonfh &Jrufrsm; a&mufvmMuawmh
rnf/ em;aetdyfpufcGihf &rnf/
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iawu nnf;onf/ olYyg;pyfrS taiGUjzLjzLrsm;
axmif;axmif;ysHUvGifhaeayonf/
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vmum rD;zdkukd rD;qGaeavonf/
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icg;u &Jrif;xifukd qGJxlay;onf/ &Jrif;
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tylaiGUwjYkd zifh aEG;aeaom NcHKxnf0wf½Hkukd vTr;f vdu k f
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bufwGif aysmufuG,u f sef&pfcJhMuavonf/
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]]tckawmh oufomoGm;ygNyD? 'Da&m*grsdK;
qdkwmuvnf; at;avav ydkqdk;avavudk;uGm/
apmapmursm;qdk&if acsmif;qdk;&if;eJY toufxGuf
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&Jrif;xifonf uREykf x
f uf &SpEf pS cf efY touf
BuD;oljzpfonf/ olYtoufrSm oHk;q,fausmfNyD/
odkYaomf a&m*gaMumifh olYcE¨mudk,o f nf BuHKvSDazsmh
awmhaeonfjzpf&m toufav;q,fausmf[k xif
&onf/ aoG;aomufBuD;[k uREkfyw f ukYd w&if;wESD;
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q,fa,muftay: tkycf sKyf&aom ]tMuyf}wpfOD;
omjzpfonf/ tMuyfig;OD;udk tkyfcsKyf&aom ]aoG;
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onf/
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odkY a&mufvmMuonf/
eHeufcif;buf a&mufvmavav tat;
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apmu oufomoGm;ygNyDqkdaom &Jrif;xifrSm wH
wm;xdyt f a&mufwGif a&m*gazmufvmjyefonf/
olY acsmif;qdk;oH&n S Bf uD;udk em;rcHomzG,f Mum;vm&
jyefonf/
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twdkif; tdrfjyefvkdY rjzpfao;bl;/ a[m[dk vrf;
axmifhrefusn;f yifatmufrSm taMumfwJav;wpfwJ
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uif;wm0efusNyD;onfh aemufwpfaeYwGif
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f kdY &Jrufrsm;tzdkY eef;awmftwGi;f wyfpcef;odkY
jyefp&mrvdk/ udk,ftrd f udk,fjyefem;aecGihf&onf/
&Jrif;xifrSm a&TNrdKUawmf ajrmufbufZeyk'fwiG f olY
nDwpfa,mufESifhaeol jzpfavonf/
refusnf;yifatmuf taMumfwJokdY a&muf
aomtcsed x f d ESi;f ruGaJ o;/ ydí
k yif xlxyfoyd o
f nf;
aeawmhonf/
taMumfwu J vnf; ,ckrS xGuv f mumpyif
&dSao;onf/ taMumf',fab;&dS Aef;xJwiG f yJpif;iHk
ESifh uwdk;0gaMumf av;ig;ckom&dSonf/
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taMumfonf rdef;rBud;u EIwq f ufpum;
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ajcmif;ajcmif;udk rIwfvsuf tm;yg;w& aomufcs
vdkufonf/ xdktcdkurf Smyif-
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avsmhvsnf;vsnf;/
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wpfa,mufu yef;uefxJrS taMumfrsm;udk
odr;f usKH;,lum usefvlrsm;udk a0ay;&if; olvnf;
yvkyfyavmif; pm;onf/ pm;&if;jzifh cg;Mum;xJrS
wpfpHkwpfckukd qGx J kwu
f m wpfvkH;wnf;aom pm;yJG
0dkif;ay:odkY cyfjyif;jyif; aqmifhcsvdkufonf/
ao&nfusnfawmuf/
usnfawmufukd wpfvSnhfpD armhMuonf/
pifppfrl olwdkYtoGirf Sm aemufxyf ao&nfaomuf
p&mrvdkawmhatmifyif tvGeftuRH rl;,pfaeMuNyD
jzpfaMumif; odomvSayonf/ onfrQ csr;f csr;f pD;pD;
aqmif;eHeuftcgBuD;wGif onftoGirf sKd ;jzifh a&muf
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vJ aiGpr&rSm pdk;vdkYvm;? ay;rSmayghAsm/ cifAsm;
taMumfawG&dSoavmuf tukefpm;r,f/ taMumfzdk;
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oHao; oHaMumifrsm;jzifh 0dki;f &,fMuonf/
&J rif;xifu uREfkyfudk vSrf ;Munfhonf/
uREfyk u f tomae&ef rsu&f u d jf yvdu
k &f onf/ tvGef
tuRH rl;,pfaeolrsm;udk tomapmifMh unfah ejcif;om
taumif;qHk;jzpfayonf/
taMumfonf rde;f rBuD;um; aMumufaMumuf
&GHU&HGUjzifh taMumfqufaMumfae&Smavonf/ trl;
orm;rsm;um; uREfkyw f kdY ESpaf ,mufudk owdrxm;
rdMu/ wpfa,mufukd wpfa,muf wGef;xdk;&if;
atmf[pf&,farmaeMuonf/
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ESpaf ,mufu rde;f rBuD;udk wGe;f z,fypfvu kd f

ojzifh rde;f rBuD;vJusomG ;onf/ wpfa,mufaomol
u oHa,mufrudkudkifí ',fxJokdY arTonf/ wpf
a,mufu xif;prsm;udk rD;zdkxJokdY xdk;xnfhonf/
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taMumf',fa&SUwGif uREfkyf&yfvdkuo f nf/
armfMunfhMuonf/
a,mufrudik x f m;olu rsuaf xmifeh BD uD;rsm;
jzifhMunfhum uREfkudk tuJcwfonf/ uREfkyfukd,f
ay:rS &Jruft0wftpm;udk awGUoGm;avonf/ olY
rsuv f k;H rsm; usO;f ajrmif;oGm;um uREfyk u f kd *½krxm;
aomavoHjzifh ajymonf/
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]][kwo f uG? Munf&h wmawmh aoewfawmif
rudkif&ao;wJh ti,fpm; tqifhav;yJ/ [m;...
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onf/ wpfa,mufurl uREfkyfudk vSnfhywfMunfh

vsuf uREfkyfa&SUwGif 'l;axmufum-
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aMumufvSygNyD bk&mh...}}qdkum aemufajymifí
t½dktaojyK[ef vkyfaeonf/ a'goudk csKyf&if;
olwkdY rsufESmrsm;udk uREfkyf pdkufMunfhvdkufonf/
]][...[ wyfrSL;BuD;u Munfhw,fa[h?
a'goxGufaeNyD/ aMumufp&mygvm;? csrf;omay;
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uREfkyaf &SUwGif &dSaeolu ajray:wGif ypfvSJ
í udkY½dkYum;&m; wGeYfvdrfjyaeonf/ usefvlrsm;u
w0g;0g; &,fMuavonf/ onf;rcHEikd af wmh/ olwYkd
\ rl;,pfjcif;onf uREfkyu f kd þodkY rykwcf wfoifh/
ajcaxmufa&SUwiG f a&mufaeaom xdko\ l rsuEf mS udk
uREfkyf'l;ESihf wdkufcsvdkufonf/ upOfhuvsm; yuf
vufvefusoGm;avonf/
]][m... 'l;eJYwkdufw,f}}
vJusae&mrS xdkvl jyefxonf/ tajctae
ajymif;oGm;ayNyD/ usefoHk;a,mufu xdkvlYab;odkY
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0if&yfMuonf/ apmapmu rl;,pfaeonfhtoGirf sm;

aysmufuG,o f Gm;Muonf/
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BudK;pm;onf/ wpfa,mufu usnaf wmufjzifh ½dkuf
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xuf oefpGr;f Muolrsm;jzpfaMumif; awGU&avonf/
av;a,muftv,fwiG f uREfkyt f m;ukef vIy&f Sm;ae&
onf/ &Jrif;xifukdvnf; tm;rudk;om/
uREfkyf ajray:odkY vJusoGm;onf/ wpf
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aqmifh&ef BudK;pm;onf/ xdakY emuf av;a,mufpvHk;
uREfkyftay:odkY 0dkif;csKyfMuawmonf/ nOfhwpf0uf
eD;yg; umvrQ csr;f at;aom &moDatmufrSm uif;
apmifhcJh&aomaMumifh uREfkyrf Sm tm;tifukecf ef;um
rl;a0aemufusdaeonf/ uREfkyt f a&;edrfhawmhrnf[k
odvmonf/
odkYaomf uREfkyuf kd,af y:rSm 0dki;f zdxm;Muol
rsm; wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf vGio hf mG ;MuaMumif;
awGUvdkuf&onf/ &Jrif;xif 0ifulonf[k xifrd
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roefpGr;f &m/
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uREfkyf jyefxvdkufonf/
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aom ESi;f xkatmuf wJwpH yfNrdwf tpyfwiG f vlwpf
a,mufukad wGUvku d &f onf/ uREfkyu f kd avSmifajymifcJh
aom? uREfkyf'l;ESihf wdkufcJhaom vlonf xdkolY
vuf½Hk;xJwGif rvIyfom r½ke;f om jzpfaeonf/
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xdkolu ajymajymqdkqdk olYvufxJrSvludk
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NyD;aemuf uREfkyf 'l;ESiw hf ku
d yf pfchaJ omolu vufoD;
vufarmif;wef;vsuf BuHK;0g;aejyefonf/
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aeyap? ig*½krpdkufbl;/ rif;wdkY tBuD;awmfukd
ajymvdkuf? ig 'Dtr&yl&rSmyJ &dSaer,f/ ighemrnf
i&pf? rHk&mG e,f yef;&if;ac: iy&if;&Gmom;? rif;wdkY
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trl;orm;rsm; aejynfawmf vrf;rbufokdY
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aom &Jrif;xifukd olawGUoGm;onf/
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h ud;k [laom pum;rSm &mZ0wf
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wGif rqifrjcif ajymonfhpum;/
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taMumf',fa&SUwGif wifysOfacG xdkifcsum
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f uJcwfciG &hf awmh
onf/
aoQmifukd tnmwbufjzifh ywfxm;onf/
zsiMf urf;cg;wdktusÐrSm ESi;f rsm; &TJpkdaeNyD; atmufykd;
usKd ufxm;onfh rJykqkd;rSmvnf; &THUpufrsm; ayusHae
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rsm;rSm pum;wpfvHk;wpfav xkwaf zmf&ef cJ,Of;
onfhtvm; wif;wif;aphaeonf/ xdkifaeaom
aMumifh olYt&yftarmif;udk cefYrSef;&ef cJ,Of;aomf
vnf; uspv f spv
f Sonfh <uufom;rsm;udkrl olYvuf
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rnfodkYjzpfap þvlpdrf;um; uREfkyf\
tcuftcJukd 0ifa&mufajz&Si;f ay;ol? tEdkiu f siahf pmf
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wpfO;D ygyJ/ apmapmu ajymoHMum;vdu k w
f muawmh
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rygwm cufw,f/ usKyfu rif;rIxrf;NyD; ppfwkduf
csiw
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wHcg;eDrLS ;BuD; OD;atmifukd usKyf aumif;pGm
odonf/ wHcg;rSL;rsm;teufwiG f tcufxef tMurf;
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olYajr;ESihf vmawGUae&aomaMumifh ydkí tHhMoaerd
onf/
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awmif;cGihfBuHKrSm r[kwfygbl;}}
olpY um; olaY voH rmaMumjywfawmif;aom
aMumifh uREfkypf wd x
f J wpfrsKd ;jzpfoGm;onf/ NyD;awmh
zswuf eJ uREykf xf H vSr;f Munfv h u
kd af om rsuv f k;H tpHk
udkvnf; owdxm;vdkufrdonf/ ol rsufpdapmif;
oa,muf &do S nfum; trSeyf if/ odakY omf olrY suv f kH;
rsm; pl;&SvGe;f vSonf/
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r&Sif;rvif; jzpfomG ;onf/
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om;awGu tcsed rf Jh? pnf;rJh t&ufaopm rl;,pfNyD;
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îí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
tm;enf;olukd apmfum;w,f/ rif;aejynfawmfrSm

'Dvkd rzG,rf &mrsKd ; aemufxyf bmawGrsm; &daS o;vJ}}
uREfkyf bmjyefajym&rSef;rod/
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taMumfzdk;}}
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ESi;f xkxJokYd xdk;azmufvmaeMuNyDjzpfaom
aejcnfwef;rsm;udk oljzwfavQmufoGm;onf/jrif
uGi;f rS aysmufu, G of nftxd rsupf w d qHk; Munfah erd
onf/ olEiS yhf wfoufaom uREykf \ f cHpm;&rItwGuf
pum;vHk;ESpv f Hk;udk uREfkyf csucf si;f &vdkuaf yonf/
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À ÀÀ
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¬½»ºå øî÷
rHk&Gme,f? yef;&if;ac: iy&if;&Gmom; i&pf

qko
d El Sihf aqmif;&moD wpfeeH ufwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
awGUqkcH &hJ NyD; aemufyikd ;f wGio
f u Yl kd uREkyf f pdw0f ifwpm;
owdw& &dSaecJhonf/ olajymoGm;ovdk olYtbk;d
wHcg;rSL;BuD; OD;atmifxo H kYd ola&mufrS a&mufygav
rvm;/ ol 0goemygonfh rif;rIxrf;ppfonf jzpfrS
jzpfygavrvm;[k uREfkyf awG;aerdonf/
olu Y kd trSw&f aeaomfvnf; olEiS hf rqHjk zpfc/hJ
olYowif;udkvnf; rMum;&?? pifppf uREfkyfrSmvnf;
tr&yl& a&TNrdKUawmf&dS ajrmufjrm;vSpmG aom wyf
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îë ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
awmfom;wdt kY euf NrdKUapmifw h yf\ omref &Jrufi,f

wpfOD;rQom jzpfaomaMumifh eef;wGi;f wGif uREfkyf
\ vIy&f mS ;ESUH pyfEikd rf rI mS usO;f ajrmif;ao;i,fvaS yonf/
xdkYtjyif olYtaMumif;udk wckw& pHkprf;
zdkY xm;bdO;D ? uREkyf f udk,w f kid yf ifvQif wyfrawmfom;
wdkY\ rjywfrvyf avhusifh&aom qifpD;? jrif;pD;?
"m;vSH tJarmif;ESihf rD;aygufaoewf avhusiahf &;rsm;
jzifh rtm;rvyfEikd &f Scd &hJ onf/ txl;ojzifrh l rdbr&d?S
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jrif;wyfEiS hf ajcvsiw f yfwrYkd mS vnf; bdk;awmfrif;w&m;
BuD;\ trdeYaf wmfjzifh w&Hrem; wdk;csJUavhusihaf eMu
onfjzpfaomaMumif?h uREfyk rf mS bmudkrQ txl;taxG
pdwfysHUvGifh 0ifpm;csdefr&Edkif/ tm;vyfcsdefrsdK;rSmyif
vQif uREfkyfBudKufwwfaom xef;vsuft&ufukd
tvsiu f vdk rSerf eS rf rSD0jJ zpf/ tm;vyfciG h&f csed rf sm;wGif
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tpm; qifjzL&Sif rif;w&m;BuD; vufxufu rif;BuD;
vuf0o J kE&´ pD&ifcahJ om ]aoe*FAsL[m ppfordik ;f ESihf
AsL[puúdysdKU}udkom txyfxyf zwf½Iavhvmaerd
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wuf jrifrh m;a&;onfom uREfyk \ f wpfcw k nf;aom
&nfrSe;f csufjzpfonf/
rdru d kd,frdrd rtm;rvyfatmif armif;ESif
apcdkif;aeonfh tcsdefwdkif;wGif aqmif;wpfeHeufrSm
qHkcJh&aom yef;&if;ac: iy&if;&Gmom; i&pfqdkou l kd
owd&aerdonfuawmh qef;onf qdk&rnf/
olYukd bmaMumifh rSwfrSwf&& &dSae&ovJ
qdkjcif;udk rlvu oabmraygufaomfvnf; wjznf;
jznf; oabmaygufem;vnfvmonf/ pifppf þodkY
em;vnfvmjcif;rSmvnf; aoG;aomufBuD; &Jrif;xif
aMumifhyifjzpfayonf/ &Jrif;xifonf vuf½Hk;t&m
wGif nHzh si;f vSaom a&m*gonf &JrufBuD;wpfa,muf
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
îé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
jzpfaomfvnf; vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ tZÑwåESifh

ywfoufírlum; aphaphpyfpyfjrifwwfaom olay
yif/
i&pfukd owd&ç&aeaMumif;uREfkyu f ajym
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a,mif jyKvsuf ajymavonf/
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w,fqkdwm trSefawmh rqef;vSygbl;/ awGUBuHK qHk
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taMumfwJ tjzpfoepfukd ol&nf&G,fajym
jcif;jzpfonf/
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rdkYvkYd [kwvf m;? xm;ygawmh/ 'gayr,fh tJ'w D ke;f u
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r[kwfvm;/ i&pfukd rif; trSwf&aewJh taMumif;
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îç ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
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f m? ppfonfawmf
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]]rif;vl i&pfvJ 'Dvkyd &J rdS mS yJaygh? pD;yGm;vuf
ikwf ESr;f cif;udkypfNyD; tr&yl&wufvmwmMunhf
awmh? rif;wdkYESpaf ,muf tJ'Dv"kd mwfcHcsi;f wlaevdkY?
NyD;awmh "mwfcHcsif;wlaewmudkvJ rif;utvdkvkd
od v d k u f v d k Y i&pf u d k rif ; pd w f 0 if p m;wmaygh ?
'gyJayghuG...}}
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
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]]usKyf... olYukd tawmfoabmusaewm

As
]]oabmusp&mygyJ? vlyMkH unf&h wmuawmh
a[h? twmf&nf&, G cf suBf uD;NyD;? tawmfjywfom;r,fh
yH?k 'gayr,hf oabmraemuawmh ajzmifph if;r,fyh ykH }J }
]]aeprf;ygtH;k ? cifAsm;ajymwm bmwJ?h "mwfcH
csi;f wlw,fqakd wmh usKyu f owd&aeovd?k oluaum
usKyfukdrsm; owd&aervm; rodbl;Asaemf}}
]]ightxifawmh olvJ tvm;wl &Srd SmyJ}}
]]'gayr,f.h .. 'Dvb l ,fa&mufaew,fqw kd m
rod&wmu cufw,fAsm}}
]]wHcg;eDrSL;BuD;qD oGm;ar;ygvm;uG}}
]]tbdk;atmifvm;? 'DvBl uD;eJY pum;ajym&rSm
awmh veYw f ,fAsm}}
]]tif;av? rif; pHkprf;aep&mawmif vdkr,f
rxifygbl;? wpfaeYaeYawmh rif;wdEkY Spaf ,muf qHkMu
tHk;rSmygyJ}}
aoG;aomufBuD;&Jrif;xif\pum;rSefvS
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
íï ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
aMumif; awGU&awmhonf/ olESifhuREkfyfjyefvnf

qHkawGU&yHkrSmvnf; yxrtBudru f JhokdYyif trSwx
f if
xif &Sv d Sonf/ odkYaomf yxrtBudrfvdk aqmif;
wpfeHeuf ESi;f jzLawG ydwfqdkYaecsdef aejynfawmf
vrf;axmifhu taMumfwJav;rSm trl;orm;rsm;ESihf
&efyGJjzpfaepOf qHkyHkrsdK;ESihf vHk;0rqdkif/
a&Teef;awmfBuD;\ nDvmcHobif? rSL;rwf
y&dowfAkdvfyHktv,f/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ íî
2
bdk;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;\om;awmf oD&rd [m
"r®bdZ,oD[ol& bGJUwHqdyfawmfcH tdrfa&SUpH
ukd,af wmfBuD;onf (1170)jynfhESpfwGif uHawmf
ukefcJhavonf/ wefcl;vtwGi;f rSmjzpfonf[kom
rSwrf o
d nf/ aeY&ufukd uREfkyrf rSwrf ad wmh/ uHawmf
ukef tdraf &SUu, kd af wmfBuD;\ t½du
k tf &mudk bd;k awmf
bk&m;u ajr;awmfppfukdif;rif;uav;tm; vTJtyf
vdkufonf/
ppfukid ;f rif;onf a,musmf ;aumif; rif;jrwf
wpfyg;jzpfaMumif ; awGU&í uREkfyfwd kY tm;vHk;
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
íí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om&Sv d Sayonf/

ppfuikd ;f rif;uav;\ nDvmcHobifukd wuf
a&mufciG &hf olrsm;teufwiG f uREyfk v f nf; tygt0if
jzpfvmcJhonf/ &SpfESpw f mumvtwGif;wGif uREkyf f
vnf; rem;raeBudK;pm;tm;xkwcf ahJ om vHv Yk Oó[
aMumifh &Jrufi,ftjzpfro S nftMuyf? aoG;aomufrS
wqifh wyfom;ig;q,f? tMuyfig;OD;ESifh aoG;aomuf
wpfO;D ? pkpkaygif;ig;q,fhajcmufOD;tay: tkycf sKyf
&aom wyfrLS ;i,fb0odYk a&mufcNhJ yDjzpfonf/ wyfrLS ;
i,fyifjzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyf\ wyfrAdkvfcsKyf
a&TawmifpEáemf&xm\ vuf½Hk;udk,f&Hawmftjzpf
trIxrf;cGifh&onftxd tajcjrihfrm;vmcJhonf/
AdkvfcsKyfonf tdrfa&SUpH\nDvmcHobifokdY wuf
a&muf&oljzpf&m ig;&ufwpfBudrf Adkvx f ktpHktvif
nDvmcHobifaeYwkid ;f uREyfk v f nf; uk, d &f aH wmftjzpf
eef;awmfokdY 0ifcGih&f vmcJhonf/
þig;&ufwpfBudrfobif\ wpfckaom
nDvmcHobifwiG f olESix fh yfrH qHkawGUjzpfMujcif;ay
ownf;/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ íì
rPdyl&apmfbmG ;? r[m&mZm a*smf*spfqif;

rcefYrnm;&So d nhfta&;udk taMumif;jyKí bdk;awmf
bk&m;\ trdejYf zihf tdraf &SUpHppfuikd ;f rif;uav; onf
wyfrAdkvcf sKyfrsm;? Adkvrf sm;? NrdKUpm;e,fpm;0efBuD;rsm;
udk nDvmcHac:avonf/ ppfa&;nDvmcHjzpfaomf
vnf; xdkaeYu eef;awmfcef;raqmifü tjcm;aom
NrdKU0ef? trSL;trwf? trIxrf;rsm;vnf; wufa&muf
Muojzifh cef;raqmifBuD;wpfckvHk; 'l;ra&TUom
avmufatmif jynfhusyfaeonf/ uREk fyfvnf;
tdraf &SUpH\ yviEf Sifh av;wdkifajrmuftcef;0,f
Ad k v f csKyf a &T awmif pE´ aemf &xm\ uk d ,f &H a wmf
wyfrª;i,ftjzpf AdkvfcsKyfaemufyg;rS 'l;wkyfysyf0yf
cpm;ae&onf/
obif c ef ; rtwG i f ; rS m td r f a &S U pH o nf
rPdyl& ppfcsDwyfrrsm;\ tBuD;tcsKyfjzpfaom
aersdK;rif;vS r[maemf&xmudk trª;jyKvsuf tjcm;
Adkvcf sKyfrsm;? 0efBuD;rsm; ppfa&;aqG;aEG;aeMuonf/
]]apmfbmG ;ti,f rm*spfqif;u uREkyf w f dkY
vufatmuf cdkvHIvmwmuawmh [kwfNyD? apmfbmG ;
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íë ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
tBuD;olYaemifawmf a*smf*spfqif;&JU ta&;udkyJ

tm½HkpdkufMu&r,f? tck a*smf*spfqif; b,fa&muf
aeovJ? olYaemufqHk;owif;udk odcsifw,f}}
tdraf &SUpuH pum;tydktvdrk oHk;bJ wku d ½f ku
d f
ar;avonf/
aersdK;rif;vS r[maemf&xmu toH0gBuD;
jzifh tpD&ifcHonf/
]]aemufqHk; owif;t&awmh a*smf*spq f if;
[m ucsme,fuaewqifh uvuwåm;udk xGuaf jy;
NyD; rsuEf mS jzLawGqrD mS cdkvo
IH Gm;w,fvYkd od&ygw,f
tdrfa&SUpHbk&m;}}
]]NAw d o
d QawGqu D bmta&;qdo k H Mum;ovJ}}
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awGeJY ppfjyKae&vdkY avmavmq,frSmawmh a*smf*spf
qif;udk tultnDray;Edkifao;ygbl;bk&m;}}
]]wyfrif;BuD;? avmavmq,fqw kd hJ pum;vH;k
oifo;kH oGm;w,f? 'Dpum;&JUwpfbuf teuft"dymÜ ,f
u aemifwpfcsed q f kd,ifawmhvkdY t"dyÜm,f&aew,f
[kwfovm;}}
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
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]]rsuEf mS jzL NAdwo d QawGukd bmtaMumif;eJrY S

,Hkpm;zdkYr&Syd g udk,af w,mfBuD;}}
]]rSeyf gw,fbk&m;? rPdy&l [m ppfaMumif;
wpfckjzpfvmEdkifygw,f}}
þwpfcg 0ifajymolum; uREkyf f\Adkvcf sKyf
a&TawmifpEáemf&xmjzpfonf/
tdrfa&SUpHonf wpf ckckudk av;eufpGm
awG;awm[efjzifh wdwfqdwfaeonf/ tdrfa&SUpHu
wdwfqdwfaeaomaMumifh nDvmcHcef;raqmifBuD;
wpfckvHk ;wGifvnf; yuwdNid rf oufoGm;onf/
oufjyif;½du I of HtcsKd Uukod m roJruGJMum;ae&onf/
xdkokdY obifwpfckvHk;wdwfqdwfNidrfouf
aepOfrSmyif uREkfyx f dkiaf eonfhae&m\ aemufbuf
usus 0Jaxmifhae&mqDrS...
]]atmifr,fav;... aoygNyDAs}}[laom
pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfow H pfcu k kd Mum;vku
d &f awmhonf/
wdwq f dwjf cif;\tv,fA[dkwGif xGuaf y:vmaom
atmfojH zpfaomaMumifh cef;rBuD;wpfckvHk; [de;f ae
atmif jrnf[nf;oGm;onf/ y&dwo f wftm;vHk;&Sd
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
íé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
&modkY ud, k &f aH wmfwyfom;rsm; ajy;oGm;Muavonf/

wpfae&mqDwGif ½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG; jzpfae
onfukd awGU&onf/ Adkvcf sKyfa&TawmifpEáemf&xm\
ud, k &f aH wmftjzpf uREfkyv f nf;Adkvcf sKyf\ tEÅ&m,fukd
umuG,&f rnf[al om todcsucf si;f 0ifum ½kw½f w k f
oJoJ jzpfae&mqDokYd wpf[w k x f k;d ajy;oGm;vduk o
f nf/
ppfa&;nDvmcHjzpfaomaMumifh "m;udkif
aqmifciG &hf xm;aomfvnf; "m;tdrrf "S m;udk rcRwo f m?
udk,&f Hawmfwyfrª;rsm; 0dkif;tHkaeMuonfhae&mqDokdY
om ajy;0if,if; vltkyu f kd wGef;xdk;z,fxkwfypf&
awmhonf/
jcif;&mcyford f;udk awGUvdkuf&onf/
eef;&ifjyifwiG f vlwpfa,muf arSmufvsuf
om; vJusaeonf/ aoG;paoG;e rawGU&aomfvnf;
vJusaeolonf ryDro atmf[pfnnf;wGm;qJyif?
vJusaeol\aemufwGif a&n§ad &mif udk,u f sy0f wf
udk,f&Hawmftqifh&Sdol wpfa,mufonf olYudk
0dik ;f 0ef; csKyfuikd x
f m;olrsm;vufxrJ mS ½ke;f uefaeav
onf/ olyifvQif tEÅ&m,f&o dS [l k csucf si;f odvukd Nf yD;
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ íè
0dkif;csKyfolrsm;vufrS vGwfxGufomG ;aom olYvuf

armif;udk uREkyf 0f ifí zrf;csKyv
f kud o
f nf/ taxG;axG;
t,Suf,SufjzpfaeaomaMumifh ½kef;uefaeol\
rsufESmudk aumif;pGmrawGU&/ tiftm;oefpGr;f pGm
½k ef ; uef aeaomaMumifh tm;pd k ufN yD;csKyf &ef o m
BudK;pm;ae&onf/ tem;wGiv f nf; wdk;a0SYvNJ ydKaeol
rsm;jzifh ½IyfaxG;aeonf/
olvY ufukd uREkyf f rdr&d &zrf;csKyfvku
d cf sed rf Sm
yif uREfky\ f wpfoufwGif aemufxyfrBuHKEdkiaf wmh
aom tHhMop&m tjzpftysufukd awGUvdkuf&awmh
onf/
]]usKyf b,frSrajy;ygbl;? csKyfraeprf;ygeJY
iopf&,f}}
toH&Siu f m; olrSol/ uREkyf f\vl i&pf/
]]tvdkav;... cifAsm;...}}
twdkif;rodtHhMovGef;aompdwfaMumifh uREkyf fbmrQ
rajymEdkif/
i&pfu uREfkyfukdrodrom NyHK;jyum...
]]usKyf vuf½Hk;udk zrf;udkifNyD; tdrfa&SUpH
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
íç ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
a&SUarSmuftxd ac:ayawmh}}
ajymajymqdkqdk oluyifa&SUaqmifí xdwf
vef Y tH h M oaeMuaom rsuf ES m rsm;a&S U rS j zwf um
tdraf &SUp\ H yviq f o
D aYkd vQmufomG ;onf/ uREyfk v f nf;
olv Y ufarmif;udk udkio f nfqkd½HkrQomudkifí vdkuyf g
cJh&onf/ uREfkyfu zrf;qD;cJhjcif;r[kwb f J olu
tzrf;cHcJhjcif;yif/
tdrfa&SUpHa&SUarSmufokdY ra&mufrD vrf;cGwf
vyfwGif olu uREkfyu f kd wD;wdk;ajymavonf/
]]ud,
k af wmfBuD;a&SUa&muf&if &mZ0wfom;udk
zrf;qD;&rdcyhJ gNyD bk&m;vdo Yk mavQmuf iopfMum;vm;?
usKyfajymwJhtwdkif;omvky}f }
bmwpfckrQ em;rvnfaomfvnf; bmrQ
rwwfEdkif/ olajymovko d m vku d ef m&awmhonf/
]]&mZ0wfom;udk zrf;qD;&rdcJhygNyDbk&m;}}
armh r Munh f & ojzif h rjrif & aomf v nf ;
ppfuikd ;f rif;\ rsuv f k;H tpHk rD;0if;0if;awmufaeonf
udk odojzifh uREfkyaf usmxJ pdrhaf erdonf/ i&pftzdkY
um; rnfokdY&Sdavrnfrod/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ìð
]]nDvmcH eef;raqmiftwGi;f obiftcsdef

tcgrS m b,f vd k rzG ,f r&mtrI rsd K; jzpfovJ
ajymprf;...}}
uREykf uf kad r;aom ar;cGe;f jzpfonf/ bmjzpf
rSe;f rod&onfhtxJ tdraf &SUpH\ cufxefaom toH
aMumifh uREyfk w f pfu, kd v
f ;kH wkeo
f mG ;avonf/ odaYk omf
uREkyf uf kd,fpm; 0ifajzvdkufolum; i&pfudk,fwkid /f
]]ud k , f a wmf B uD ; bk & m;? xm;,if v J
&Si&f ygr,f/ owf&ifvnf; ao&ygr,f/ uReaf wmfrsKd ;
emrnf i&pfjzpfygw,f? ewf&GmpHtdrfa&SUukd,fawmf
BuD; vufxufuwnf;u t&Sihfvufxuftxd
ud k ,f &H awmfwyf rª ;i,f tjzpf trIxrf ; aeolyg
bk&m;...}}
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qdkwmvm;...}}
tdrfa&SUpHu cufxefaeqJtoHjzifh ar;onf/
]][kwfygw,fbk&m;}}
xdktcdkuf rSmyif wyfrª;i,fwpfa,muf
uREkyf fwdkYab;odkY a&mufvmonf/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ìï ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
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jyif;jyif;xefxef axmif;Budwfvku d yf gw,f bk&m;?
taxmif;cH&ol[m owdvpfomG ;ygw,f}}
cef;rwpfckvHk; toHwa0ga0gqloGm;avonf/
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iomNcHKygbk&m;}}
olYukdvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ i&pfurl trl
t&m wpfa&G;wpfaphr,Gi;f /
]]rif;... bmaMumifh 'Dvv kd yk &f wmvJ i&pf}}
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NrJNrHcdkifvHkpGm xrf;&Gucf Jhayr,fh uRefawmfrsdK; i&pf
[m trnfemreJY vlyk*K¾d vfwGJNyD; todtrSwjf yKrcH&?
a&SUawmfarSmufrSm rxifay:&wJhtwGuf t&Sifhem;
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jcif; jzpfygw,fbk&m;}}
toHrsm; qlnHomG ;jyefonf/ tdrfa&SUpHum;
b,fokdY&aSd vrnfrod/ pum;wpfvHk;pD wpfvHk;pDukd
wke, f ifxpfaighjcif;uif;pGm ajymoGm;onfholYtoH
tqHk;0,f uREyfk Mf uufo;D arG;nif;xoGm;onf/ i&pf
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ìî
½l;oGyaf eNyDavm/
tdrfa&SUpH\toH [de;f íxGuv f mjyefonf/
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[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,fbk&m;}}
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vkyfwm[m enf;rSeo f vm;}}
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uReaf wmfrsKd ; i&pfjzpfaMumif; t&Sio f ad pzdkY 'Denf;om
&Syd gawmhw,fbk&m;...}}
]]rPdy&l ta&; aqG;aEG;aewJn h v D mcHqw kd m
rif;em;rvnfbl;vm;}}
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]]bm...}}
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csif; xaxmif;jzpfomG ;ygw,fbk&m;...}}
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ìí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
wyfrif;BuD;rsm;qDrS cyftkyftkyf&,foHrsm;
Mum;&ojzifh uREkyf fpw d fxJrSm tenf;i,foufom
&m &oGm;onf/
]]rif;... t½l;yJ}}
]]trIawmfukd onfx h ufqwd;k xrf;&Gucf iG hf
r&cJ,h ifvJ uReaf wmfrsKd ;ud, k w f iG ;f rSm ppfpw
d pf pfaoG;
awG aygufuGJNyD; ½l;oGyo f mG ;rSm trSeyf gyJbk&m;}}
]]rif ; ... b,f o l eJ Y pum;ajymaeovJ
qdkwmaum od&JUvm;}}
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bk&m;}}
]]owfypf&r,fh tjypfrsKd ;rS r[kwaf ywmyJ}}
uREkyf &f ifxJrSmyif oufjyif;csvkdurf o d nf/
i&pft&Judk; vGe;f vScsnhf[laom pdk;&drfpw d fvnf;
avsmhoGm;onf/
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tdrfa&SUrif;u pum;rqufao;bJ acwå&yfwefYNyD;
rS...
rif;xaxmif;cJw h vhJ [ l m owdarhaeNyD? xdu k f
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ìì
oifw h hJ yPÖmeJw Y uG olu Y kd rif;&Scd ;kd awmif;yef&r,f}}

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f rQypön;f Opöm tm;vH;k
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jcif;awmh rjyKyg&apeJYbk&m;}}
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awmf&JU t&Sdeft0gudk tm;jyKNyD; ao&nf rl;,pf
aomufpm; tm;enf;olrsm;tay: aomhorG ;f qdk;&Gm;
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]]a[h... vlru kd ?f igtrdeaYf wmf csaew,f}}
i&pf wdwfqdwNf idrfoufaeonf/ jyif;xef
aom oufjyif;½du I o
f BH uD;wpfck olq Y rD S ay:xGuv
f m
onf/
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]]oGm;EdkifNyD}}
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ìë ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
wd;k wdk;oJo
h Jh pum;ajymoHrsm;? txl;tqef;
rsuv
f k;H tMunfhrsm;udk jzwfvsuf uREkyf w f akYd emufjyef
qkwcf MhJ uonf/ ud, k &f aH wmf wyfr;ª rsm;u i&pfjzwf
avQmufomG ;wdkif; uysmu&m &SJay;Muavonf/
olYtoGiu f m; ppfyGJjyef atmifEdkifolwpfOD;
toGirf sdK;/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ìê
3
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vl[m [dktaMumfwJrSm qHkcJh&wJv h q
l kdwm a&mif;&if;
tpuwnf;u odxm;vdkYvm;}}
b,fu od&rSmvJ? usKyfu'Dnv D mcHrmS awmh
eD;wJv
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usOf;oGm;Muonf/
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uREkyf x
f ifrad wmhonf/ xdkcPrSmyif olonf uREkyf f
ESihf t&mtqifhcsif; wlnDaomfvnf; uREkyf x f uf
tqaygif;rsm;pGm omvGeaf om yk*¾Kd vfwpfa,muf
jzpfaMumif; em;vnfrad vonf/ aoe*FEiS fh ywfouf
í olYtawG;t,lrsm; us,fjyefYeuf½dIif;yHkukdvnf;
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ êî
uREkyf f ajymrjywwfatmif av;pm;rdawmhonf/

olum; wu,f jynfh0xufjrufaom ppfonfawmf
aumif;BuD;jzpf&ef vlYavmuodkY a&muf&Sv d mol
jzpfonf[v k nf; uREyfk w
f xpfcs ,HMk unfrad wmhonf/
wyfrª;tqifhcsif; twlwljzpfapumrl ol
onf uREykf xf ufvnf;aumif;? a&Teef;awmf wyfrrsm;
&Sd tjcm;wyfrª;rsm;tm;vHk;wdkYxufvnf;aumif;?
t&nftaoG; ydkrdkjynhf0pHkvifaomol jzpfonf[k
uREkyf f t<uif;rJh0efcHrdavonf/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
êí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
2
olYpum;rSecf JhayNyD/
bdk;awmfbk&m; uHawmfukeo f nf/ tdraf &SUpH
ppfukdif;rif;onf bBuD;awmfbk&m;tjzpf tr&yl&
xD ;eef;ykv if xufodk Y pd k ;pH tk yf csKyf N yDj zpf onf/
a&Teef;awmfwGif jynh&f Sifbk&iftopf ajymif;vJovdk
yif Edkiif Hawmf\ta&;t&mrsm;vnf; ajymif;vJvm
cJhayNyD/
bBuD;awmfb&k m;\ bdou d o f eG ;f yGw
J iG f vuf
atmufcH ya'o&mZfrif;i,frsm;pHknD wufa&muf
opömawmfcHMuonf/ odkYaomf ysufuGufol wpf
a,muf&So d nf/
rif;w&m;\ bdaouobifoYkd rvma&muf
[lonfh t"dyÜm,frSm? rif;w&m;\ tmPmawmfukd
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ êì
rodusdK;uRefjyKjcif;? raxrJhjrifjyKjcif;? todtrSwf

rjyKjcif;? wenf;qdkaomf ykefpm; zDqefjcif;yif
jzpfonf/
xdkolum; tjcm;r[kw/f rPdyl&apmfbmG ;
rm*spfqif;aywnf;/
rzG,fr&maom trIyif/
rm*spfqif;onf ewf&GmpHbkd;awmfbk&m;\
aus;Zl;aMumihf apmfbmG ;t½dkuft&mudk &cJhol/ olY
tpfukd a*smf*spfqif;ESifh roifhrwifhjzpfMupOfu
bdk;awmfbk&m;xHokdY olckd0ifum toem;cHtultnD
awmif;cJhonf/ aemufqHk;wyfrif;BuD; aersKd ;rif;vS
r[maemf&xmudk tBuD;tcsKyfcefYí jrif;wpfaxmifh
ig;&m? ol&EJ pS af omif;? wyfrESpq f ,fwkYjd zifh rPdyl&
odkY csDwuford ;f ,lum rm*spq f if;udk rPdyl&xD;eef;
jyef&atmif vkyaf y;cJo h nf/ olt Y pfukd a*sm*f spqf if;u
umvuwåm;odkY xGuaf jy;oGm;onf/ ,ck ajr;awmf
ppfuikd ;f rif; ]bBu;D awmfb&k m;} jzpfvmonfh bdaou
obifokYd olrvm? opömawmfrcH/
bBuD;awmfbk&m;onf aejynfawmf udk
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
êë ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
tr&ylrS tif;0odkY jyefvnfa&TUajymif;um eef;NrdKU

wnfí pHcJhonf/ eef;NrdKUtopf wnfaqmufa&;jzifh
rtm;rvyf &SMd uonft h wGuf tif;0bdaouobif
odkY rm*spq f if; rvma&mufonfukd apmapmydkif;u
rnfokdYrQ ta&;t&m rxm;cJhMu/ odkYaomf rPdyl&
apmfbmG ;onf rif;w&m;\ opömawmfukd zDqefNyD[k
wdwdvif;vif; jyvmawmhonf/
vufaqmifyPÖm tcGeb f @m rqufoiG ;f
awmh/
uREkyf \f ud&k ifi&pf BudKwifa[mude;f xkwcf hJ
onfrSm rSefcJhNyD/ wyfawmfrsm; tm;vHk;qDodkY
trdeYaf wmf wpfcsed w
f nf;a&mufvmonf/ rPdyl&odkY
ppfcsD&eftrdefY/
uREkfyf&ifxJrSm 0rf;ajrmufjcif;rsm;jzifh
wuf<u vIyfckefaeonf/
taMumif;rl þppfyGJü uREkfyfESifh uREkyf f\
udk&ifi&pf ESpOf D;pvHk; ]wrl;ppfaMumif;}rSm twlyg
0ifcGihf&cJhjcif;aMumifhaywnf;/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ êê
3
uREkyf \f wpfoufwmwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
0rf;ajrmufjcif;BuD;pGm jzpf&aomaeY wpfaeY&cdS Jhonf
qdkygvQif xdkaeYum; tjcm;aeYrjzpfEdkif/
rPdyl&odkY wyfawmfrsm;rcsDrD? oHk;&uf
tvdkus a&mufaomaeYom jzpfcsdrfhrnf/
bBuD;awmf ppfukdif;rif;onf ppfcsDrnfh
wyfawmfrsm;rS ppfonfawmfrsm;udk BuD;pGmaom
taqmifta,mifjzifh t½dkut f &mrsm; csD;jr§iht
f yfESi;f
vdu
k of nf/ bd;k awmfb&k m;vufxufwiG f tcguwnf;
u trIawmfukd rjywfrvyf xrf;&Gucf o hJ nfh tMuyf?
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
êé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
aoG;aomuf? wyfrª;? Adkvfrª;rsm;? tm;vHk;vky&f nf

udkif&nfESifh vlpGrf;vlptay:wnfí jrifhrm;aom
tqifhrsm;udk &&SdcJhMuonf/ þppfonfawmfrsm;
teufwGif uREkyf fiopfonfvnf; ]aersKd ;&Jacgif
ausm}f [laom bGUJ trnfjzifh ]oajyig;&Gmpm;} jzpfvm
avonf/ uREkyf fonf wyfrª;r[kwaf wmh/ wyfrª;
ig;a,muftay: tkycf sKyf&aom ]ig;&mAdkv}f jzpfcJh
ayNyD/ uREkfyfvufatmufwGif wyfrª;ig;a,muf?
aoG;aomufq,fa,muf? tMuyfig;q,f &Sv d monf/
nDvmcHeef;raqmifwGif wpfa,mufpD\
wd;k jr§iahf om t&mtqifEh iS fh bGUJ trnfukd oHawmfqifuh
zwfMum;wdki;f zwfMum;wdki;f aumif;csD;ay;oHrsm;
wtHk;tHk;xGuaf y:vmonf/
]]wyfrª;iopftm; aersdK;&Jacgifausmf bGJU
rnfjzifh ig;&mAdkvt f qifh jr§ihfawmfrlonf/ oajy
ig;&GmudkvJ pm;ap...}}
teD;&Sw
d yfr;ª rsm;u uREkyf \
f vufukd zspn
f p§ f
qkyu f kid uf m *kPjf yKpum; qdkMuonf/ uREkfy&f ifxJ
wGif 0rf;ajrmufjcif; yDwrd sm;jzihf jynfhvQHoGm;onf/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ êè
odkYaomf...
rdr\ d 0rf;omrIukd rdrdjyefvnfcHpm;aezdkY
owdr&Edkiaf o;/
Ad k v f t qif h r sm;ud k aMujimoG m ;onf /
wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf/
]]wyfrª;ijynfhtm; a&Tawmiftmum}}
]]wyfrª;ioefpGr;f tm; bk&ifpuú}}
]]wyfrª;iMueftm; aZ,saemf&xm}}
]]................................}}
Adv
k t f qifrh sm; NyD;qHk;oGm;onf/ uREyfk &f ifxJ
vIdif;xvmonf/ 0rf;ajrmufyDwdrsm;jzifh jynhfvQH
aecJhaom &ifrSm csufcsif;[moGm;onf/
olrygvm/ uREkyf \ f udk&ifi&pf rygvm/
olYtrnfrMum;&/
bke;f awmf BuD;jrwfaom rif;w&m;\ trdeYf
awmft& qufvufí wyfaygif;Adkvt f &mtqifh
csD;jr§ifh oem;awmfrlonfh trdefYawmfobifonf
wdwfqdwfoGm;jyefonf/
uEéDNrdKU0ef aersdK;&Jacgifausmfxif? pav
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
êç ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
NrdKUpm;aersKd ;rif;vSausmfol? rwå&mNrdKUpm; rif;vS

a&Tawmifausmf? 'vNrdKU0ef aersdK;rif;acgif.../
trnfwpfckNyD;wpfckom zwfMum;aMujim
oGm;onf/ olYrnfukd rMum;&ao;/ uREkyf frSm rdrd
oajyig;&Gmpm;jzpf&jcif;? aersKd ;&Jacgifausmf bGUJ trnf
cH,l&jcif;wdkYtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;udk vHk;0rcHpm;
&awmh/ apmapmu &&SdaomyDwrd sm; aysmufqHk;
oGm;onf/
xdkpOfrSmyif...
]]bke;f awmfBuD;bk&m; tdraf &SUeef;pHpOfumv
rSonf udk,f&Hawmftjzpf trIawmfukd &Gyf&Gycf RHcRH
xrf;&Gucf Jhaom wyfrª;i&pftm;...}}
oHawmfqifhu acwå&yfí touf½Iae
onf/ uREkyf u f ,
kd w
f iG ;f üum; vSnyhf wfaeaom aoG;
rsm;u w'dkif;'dkif;wdk;aqmifhaeMuayNyD/
]]i&pf bmjzpfovJ? i&pfuk d bmay;rvJ}} [k
toHukeaf tmfar;vdkucf sio f nfh qEúkd renf;csKd ;ESrd f
xm;&onf/
]]rif;BuD;r[mAE¨KvbGJUrnfjzifh tvHkNrdKUukd
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ éð
pm;ap..}}
uREkyf \
f ESvkH;tdref H&HokYd ½ku
d cf wfoGm;onf/
[pfatmfa<u;aMumfvkduaf omtoHu txktxnf
BuD;rm;vGe;f aomaMumifh EIwrf rS xGu/f vnfrmS wpfqYkd
aeonf/ odkYaomf aumif;csD;ay;oHrsm;tm;vHk;xuf
uREkfyf&ifxJrSm &SdaomtoHuydkí us,favmif
jrnf[nf;vdrhrf nf xifonf/
]]r[mAE¨Kv? ol[m r[mAE¨Kv... r[m
AE¨Kv...}}
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
éï ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
4
&r®m0wDNrdKUpm; owdk;rif;&Jausmpf Gm Adkvcf sKyf
tjzpf OD;pD;aom wyfrsm;u ]rvdeaf cG;yl ppfaMumif;}/
0efokdNrdKUpm; owdk;rif;&JoD[ol AdkvfcsKyf
tjzpf OD;pD;aom wyfrsm;u ]ql;yHkppfaMumif;}/
rif;w&m;\ nDawmf 'Gm&m0wDrif;om;
owdk;rif;&Jausmfxif AdkvfcsKyftjzpf OD;pD;aom
wyfrsm;u ]wrl;ppfaMumif;}/
uREkyf w
f kdY rPdyl&odkY ppfcsDcJhonf/ uREkyf \
f
r[mAE¨Kvonf wrl;ppfaMumif;wGif Adkvcf sKyfNyD;vQif
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ éî
'kw, d tBuD;tcsKyfjzpfaom ]vuf0pJ pfuBJ uD;}tjzpf

tkyfcsKyfvdkufygvmonf/ uREkyf f\wyfum; tjcm;
wyfEpS q f ,fh oHk;xyfEiS t
hf wl olYvufatmufrS yg0if
vdkuyf gvmcJo h nf/ olonf uREkyf xf uf t&mBuD;jrifh
ol jzpfomG ;ayNyD/ þodkY xdkuw f efavsmufywfpmG ol
ppfuBJ uD; jzpfomG ;onfhtwGuf uREkyf yf Gm;rsm;cHpm;&
aom rk'w d m pdwftvsOfum; csdKNrdefvSybdjcif;/
a&mif;&if;aoG;aomufcsif jzpfvifhupm;
uREkyf fxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm t&nftaoG;jynfh0
uHkvHkayaom olYvufatmufü uREkyf f ig;&mAdkvf
jzpfvm&jcif;udk uREkyf fBuD;pGm auseyfrdawmhonf/
tif;0aejynfawmfrS xGufcJhNyD; ajcmuf&uf
ajrmufaomaeYwiG f olonfwyfOD;rS jyefvn S vhf mum
uREkyf wf kdY\ wyfrsm;udk vma&mufppfaq;avonf/
tjcm;Adkvf ESpfq,fhoHk;a,mufESihf twl
uREyfk v
f nf; ]rif;BuD;r[mAEK̈v}tm; wyftajctae
udk tpD&ifcH&ef toifhjyifxm;&onf/
aeYv,favmufrS ola&mufvmrnf[k uREyfk f
wdkY xifxm;aomfvnf; olonf aet½kPw f ufprSm
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
éí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
]rif ; BuD ; r[mAE¨ K va&muf v mNyD } [k

aemufuif;wm0efus &JrufrSwpfqifh wyfrª;wpf
a,mufu vmajymonf/ armufvludkaqmif;í
aqmif"m;udkvG,fum uREkfyfwyfa&SUokdY xGufvmcJh
onf/ tjcm;Adkvrf sm;vnf; a&mufvmMu\/ rarQmf
vifhaomtcsed w f iG f a&mufvmonfhtwGuf uREkyf w f kYd
tm;vHk; tHhtm;oifhaeMuonf/ odkYaomf uREkyf fu
useAf kdvrf sm;xuf 0rf;omjcif;wpfck ydkvrd hrf nf xif
onf/ ol ]r[mAE¨Kv} jzpfuwnf;u uREkyf w f dkY
rqHkjzpfMuao;/
wifhw,fcefYnm;aom olYtoGiu f kd jrif&
ayNyD/
jrif;ay:rS olqifhvdkufonf/ r,HkEdkifp&m
aumif;avmufatmif olBuHch ikd x f mG ;usKd if;vmonf[k
uREyfk x
f ifro d nf/ uREyfk wf aYkd &SUoYkd olavQmufvmonf/
wpfbuftpGefrS Adkvfrsm;udk olppfaq;onf/ wpf
a,mufNyD;wpfa,muf/ xdaYk emufuREykf Ef iS hf oH;k a,muf
jcm;odkY ola&mufvmonf/ olu Y kd uREyfk if ahJ pmif;Munfh
vduk of nf/ uREyfk &f adS ernfukd oloNd yD;jzpfonf/ uREyfk f
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ éì
udkawGUNyD; olwpfckck aemufajymifusDp,fvmvQif

r,kwrf vGejf zpf&atmif jyefí usDp,f&rnfph um;udk
pOf;pm;aevdkufonf/
ol uREkyf af &SUokdY a&mufvmonf/
olYukd uREkfyf pdkufMunfhvkduo f nf/ uREkyf f
rsuvf kH;rsm; NyHK;&dyof rf;aeonfrSm aocsmonf/ ol
uvnf; uREyfk u f kd pl;pl;&J&J Munfoh nf/ olrY suEf mS xm;
yuwdwnfNidrrf mausmpGm/
]]AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmf}}
]][kwfygw,f... rif;BuD;}}
tajzpum;wGif NyHK;&,f[ef taiGUt&dyf
rygatmif BudK;pm;&onf/
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tem taotaysmuf&Sdovm;}}
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]]ppfcsDvrf;aMumif;rSm a&SUwyf? aemufxyf
tquftoG,f rjywf&Sdovm;}}
]]tqufo, G f rjywf&ydS gw,f... rif;BuD;}}
]]ppfcsD vrf;aMumif;udk em;rvnfwm&Sad o;
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
éë ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
vm;...}}
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Adkvf&efEkd io
f l&ausmfxifudk a&SUwyf? Adkvfrif;vS
rif;i,fausmfxifukd aemufwyfxm;NyD; csD&r,f?
wyfO;D wyfq, G f wyfNrD;rjywfrvyf qufo, G &f r,f?
&dum© wpfqNcdK;NcH&r,f? awmeufxJrSm om;aumif
awGU,if rypfcwf&bl;? 'Dua&SUukd qifo?H jrif;oH?
vloH? txl;vHkap&r,f em;vnfvm;...}}
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uREkyf fa&SUrScmG um aemufAkdvfwpfa,muf
qDokdY avQmufomG ;onf/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ éê
0rf;enf;tm;i,fpw d rf sm; zdpD;vmonf/ ol

uREkyf uf dk rSwrf Ed kdipf &mr&S/d uREkyf fonf ol\a&mif;
&if;iopfjzpfaMumif;.../
odkYaomf olwpfcsufuav;aomfrS NyHK;&,f
[efrjy/ ]iopf}[k olrac:/ ]Adv k af ersKd ;&Jacgifausm}f
[k ac:NyD ; jywf o m;wd u saomar;cG e f ; ES i h f
trdeYrf sm;om qdkomG ;onf/ olt Y ay: b,fvkrd S pdwf
ruGurf daomfvnf; pdwfraumif;jcif;BuD;pGm jzpf&
onfum; trSeyf if/
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r[mAE¨Kv? usKyfu oajyig;&Gmpm; aersdK;&Jacgif
ausmfr[kwfvm;? udk&if i&pf&,f...}}
usKyf... em;vnfEdkifygw,fAsm/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
éé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
5
]]rif;BuD;u? Advk t
f m;vHk; oleY Yt
J wl eHeufpm
pm;zdkY zdwfac:w,f}}
[k wyfr;ª wpfa,muf vmajymaomaMumifh uREyfk v f m
omvmcJh&onf/ olESihfxyfí rsufESmcsif;rqdkicf sif
awmh/ odkYaomf ppfuJBuD;\trdeYjf zpfonf/ uREkyf f
ysuuf u G íf rjzpf/ eHeufpmtwlpm;&ef qihaf c:aomf
vnf; ppfa&;aqG;aEG;onfhyGJ jzpfayrnf/
awmifZvyfyGihfrsm; &J&JeDaeaom awmpyf
jrufcif;jyifwiG f ol&aSd eonf/ tjcm;Adkvrf sm;vnf;
a&mufaeMuNyD/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ éè
av;vHaom ajcvSr;f rsm;jzifh uREkyf jf rufcif;

xJokdY acgif;idkufpdkufcsvsuf 0ifvmcJhonf/
]]udk&if iopf}}
uREkfyfajcaxmufrsm;rSm a&GUvsm;ír&/
ae&mwGif tpGJtNrJ&yfaeonf/
olxikd &f mrS xvsuf uREyfk q f o
D Ykd avQmufvm
onf/ uREkyf af &SUwGif &yfonf/ uREkyf \ f vufarmif;
udk qkyuf kdií f olxkdifae&modkY qGJac:onf/
]]aoG;aomufwdkY rodMuao;bl;? usKyf
tr&yludk pça&mufvmwJh aqmif;wpfreufrSm
aejynfawmfu ppfonftjzpf yxrqHk; pawGU&wJh
vl[m a[m'D... AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmfac: udk&if
iopfaygh? Ny;D awmh.. iomNcHKukd usKyf xçaxmif;wke;f
u usKyfudk udk,fawmfBuD;a&SUta&muf zrf;NyD;
ac:oGm;wmvJ olyJ? AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmf[m
usKyfa&mif;&if;}}
Adkvrf sm;tm;vHk; wtHw h Mo jzpfaeMuonf/
rif;BuD;ESihf uREkyf f a&mif;&if;jzpfcJhaMumif; uREkyf u
f
vnf; b,fou Yl rkd Q rajymzl;ojzihf b,folrSrodMu/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
éç ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
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BudKufwwfygw,f}}
0g;qpfAl;wpfck olvrS ;f ay;onf/ uREkyf rf Sm
tHhMojcif;? 0rf;omjcif;? rdrd\odrif ,fpdwftwGuf
&Su&f UGjH cif;? olt Y ay: txifrmS ;cJrh jd cif;twGuf ,lusKH ;
r&jzpfjcif; paom axGjym;onfh xdcku d cf Hpm;&rIrsm;
udk z,f&mS ;&Si;f vif;ypf&ef olurf;aom 0g;qpfAl;udk
uref;uwef; vSr;f ,lí armhcsvdkuf&avonf/
]]a&mhAsm... trJajcmuf}}
pum;wpfvHk;rSrqdkrdbJ olt Y rdeYtf wdki;f om
vIyf&Sm;aerdonf/
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J &kd if... pum;vJ rajymrqdk
ygvm;}}
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vuf0JppfuBJ uD;yJ? ppfumvtwGi;f rSm i&pfr&Sb d ;l /
iopfr&Sdbl;? trIawmfxrf;csed t f wGi;f rSm a&mif;&if;
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d ;l ? trde?Y f wm0ef? owdw&m; 'gyJ&w d S ,f/ ppf
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k yk ?f Advk u
f Adv
k t f vkyu f v
kd yk ?f wyfr;ª ? aoG;aomuf?
tMuyf? &JrufawGvJ 'Dtwdik ;f yJ? ppfwm0efqw kd hJ tod
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MuufoD;arG;nif; jzef;jzef;xoGm;onf/
uREkyf ftay: xGi;f azmufodjrifwwfaom olYpw d uf kd
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rvdak wmh/
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olu &,f&,farmarmjzifh uREkyf \ f ycHk;udk
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onf /
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onf[k ,HkMunfaerdonf/
pl;&Saom tNyHK;&dyw f pfcuk kd olrsuv f k;H rsm;xJ
wGif jrifae&onf/
uREyfk \f EIwrf S toHwpfoH xGuu f somG ;av
onf/
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olYrsufESmu tNyHK;aysmufuG,fomG ;onf/
yg;vTmaom EIwcf rf;rsm; wif;wif;aphoGm;onf/
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l m rif;w&m;
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ol&Y ,foHukd Mum;vdku&f awmhrSyif ½Iyaf xG;
jynf h usyf aeaom uREk f y f \ tpd k if tcJ a0'emwd k Y
ysufaus avsmhyg;oGm;&avonf/
À ÀÀ
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6
uREkyf w
f kY\
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qifcEk pS q
f ,f?jrif; wpfaxmifih g;&m? ol&w J pfaomif;
ig;axmiftiftm; yg0ifonf/ c&D;um; xifonf
xuf ydí k Murf;wrf;vGe;f vSonf/ c&D;um; xifonf
xuf ydí k Murf;wrf;vGe;f vSonf/ acsmif;pG,?f ajrmif;
pG,?f a&wHcGe?f ausmufawmif xlxyfvSonfjzpf&m
qifwyfrsm;rSm cufcufcJcJcsD&avonf/
wrl;odkY a&mufaomtcg uREkyf fwdkY\ wyf
aygif;pktxJrS wyfig;wyf? jrif;ig;&mESihf ol&Jig;
axmifukd ql;yHak Mumif;odYk cGaJ 0csw
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ql;yHkaMumif;udk ajymif;a&TUcJhavonf/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;

aersdK;rif;vS r[maemf&xmrSm wrl;aMumif;rSmyif
ae&pfcJhonf/
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wyf ig;wyfajymif;cJhonfrSmvnf; olYtpDtrHjzpf
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&ifqkdif&rnfh ppfvrf;aMumif; jzpfEkdifonf[k olu
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xH oluyif awmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
'Gm&0wDrif;om; owdk;rif;&Jausmfxifu
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uREyfk w
f w
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[mapm&Djzpfonf/
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um; jrif;wyfjzpfonf/
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ppfuyfaom ybuF&AsL[m yHo k @mefonf ysu, f iG ;f
oGm;onf/
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wpfckay;oGm;onf/ olYtrdefYtwdkif; uREkfyfwdkY
vduk ef m½Hu
k vGNJ y;D bmaMumifh wyfawGukd wpfpw k pf½;kH
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awmifpG,frsm;? jrufcif;rsm;? awmpyfrsm;wGif ol
trdefYay;onfhtwdkif; uREkyf fwdkYwyfrsm; csufcsif;
ae&m,lvdkufMuonf/
&efolrsm;um; t&yfav;rsufESmodkY uGJjym;
oGm;onfh uREyfk w f Ykd wyfrsm;udk awGU&aomtcg wyfNyKd
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
èé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
NyDtxifjzifh wuf<uvmMuum eD;&mwyfaemufokdY

vdkufwdkufMuavonf/
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"m;udk tay:odkY ajr§mufí wpfcJeufaom toHBuD;
jzifh [pfatmfa<u;aMumfvkdufonf/
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tv,fawmifaMumwGif wyfjzefYcif;xm;
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wpfxyfpDukd olvn S hv
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MuNyD/
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rSm/
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aemufqw k ?f ab;odzYk x hJ uG ?f 0JbufoaYkd uGU? ,mbuf
odaYk umuf? a>rwpfaumif\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsKd ;/
uREkyf w f dkY\wyfrsm; wpfxyfpD wpfae&mpD
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aemufoYkd zdvu kd cf MhJuaom &eforl sm;rSm olwu Yk d ,
kd w
f ikd f
upOfu h vsm; jzpfomG ;&avonf/
uREkyf w f dkYwyfrsm;rSm wpfae&mpD &Sdaeaomf
vnf; twGeYt f vdr?f t&pftacGrysuaf om a>ruJhokdY
qufpyfpkpnf;aeMuonfjzpfav&m olwkdYomvQif
a>r\ 0ef;0du k &f pfacGxm;aom ud, k v f Hk;xJwiG f ydwrf d
vsufom; jzpfomG ;Muonf/
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awmifMum;vrf;rsm;twdkif; olwkdYtjyif;qkwfMu
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&efol rPdyl& jrif;wyfajy;vrf;r&Sad wmh/

a>r\OD;acgif;rS ]ol}ud, k w
f ikd u
f vnf; tqufrjywf
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bk Z *aoe*F w G i f a>rvnf y if ; ae&mü
yg0if&aom uREykf \ f wyfonf olEiS w hf pfqufwnf;
jzpfonfhtwGuf olYukdwpfcsdefvHk; jrifae&onf/
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odkY olY"m;epfjr§KyfomG ;onftxd/
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ysufavNyD/
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G nf rGe;f twrf;
wGif tNyD;owfomG ;onf/ausmufawmifxx l yfaom
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e,fuRrf;aom &efolwkdYtay: atmifyGJcHvdkufEkdif
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À ÀÀ
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1
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jzifh uREkyf w
f x kYd ufykí
d tiftm;BuD;aom e,fajruRr;f
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hJ nf/
xdrk Qomru tjcm;wyfrsm;odv kY nf; ppfxk;d tpDtrHukd
ay;ydkYulnDcJhonf/
apmfbmG ;rm*spq f if; udk,v f w
G f½ke;f í xGuf
ajy;oGm;onf/
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uvnf; vusfmppfuJBuD;tjzpf olESihftwl ppfyGJ
tajctaeudk rjywfaxmufvSrf;qufoG,fum
rPdyl&udk taemufbufrSvkyfBuHonf/ uREkyf w f dkY
wyfrsm;wGif qifwyftustqHk;rsm;vSaomfvnf;
BuD;pGmaom atmifyGJudk &Sv d dkufavonf/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
çï ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
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Mu&aomtcg uREfkyw f kdY\ wuf<urIrSm tqHk;tprJh
yif jzpfawmhonf/ wyfrrsm; pHknDMuNyD;aemuf
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wtHhwMojzpfaeMuaomfvnf; uREkyf rf lum; wyfrª;
i,f b0uwnf;u rPdy&l a'o\ ajryHu k kd tvGwf
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jzpfaom owdk;rif;&JoD[olurl...
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rINyD;oGm;NyD;aemuf nnfhv,favmufwiG f wyfaygif;
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oGm;&onf/
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trdeYtf wkdif; uREkyf frPdyl&wGif NrdKUapmifh
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çí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
rnf jzpfonf/
olESit hf wl aejynfawmfjyefwyfwiG f rvdkuf
ygEdkifawmh/
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rsufuG,üf wm0efBuD;wpfckudk ,l&rnfjzpfojzifh
*kPf,lrdavonf/
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ol uREkyf fxHa&mufvmonf/ olYrsufESmay:wGif
awGUjrifaeus wnfNidrrf IrsdK;/
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h yf Adv
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olbY momol tpGr;f tp jyKEdik w f ,fqw kd mudk xif&Sm;
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rsm;u azmfjyaeMuayrnf/ ,if;udv k nf; ol em;vnf
oGm;[efwlonf/ tac:ta0: toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk
oluvnf; pdwrf 0ifpmawmh[efjzifh qufajymonf/
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ol vSnx hf u G o
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cJhovdk cHpm;&rdonf/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
çë ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
2
olajymoGm;onfhtwdkif;yif wyfrBuD;rsm;
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rm*spq f if;onf vufatmufcH apmfbmG ;trsm;tjym;
\ wyfrsm;udk pk½Hk;vmum xdkppfqifcJhonf/
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d nf
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\ NrdKUapmifhwyftygt0if use&f Scd Jhaom tiftm;rSm
oHk;axmifom&Sad y&m aomif;csDí wufvmaom
rPdyl&wyfrsm;udk tjyif;txef ckcHMu&onf/
tajrmuf q ef t vS r f ; tuG m oif h v S a om
wyfav;wyf NrdKUtjyifxGufí qkwf&awmhonf/
wyfqkwv f rf;aMumif;rSmyif jyif;xefaom wdkuyf rJG sm;
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
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jzpfymG ;av&m Adkvfom&puúESihf Adkvef &mausmaf cgif

wdkY usqHk;&onf/
uREyfk \f NrdKUapmifw h yfum; yGMJ urf;tawGU&qH;k
yif/
&efow l kdYonf olwkdYNrdKUukd olwkdYjyeford ;f jcif;
jzpfojzifh wdkufcif;wdkufuGuf? txdk;tazmuf
uRr;f usiNf y;D jzpfaeMuonf/ uREyfk \ f wyfom;trsm;
qH;k udk csxm;aomawmifbufNrdKU½;kd rkcu f kd olwkYd tvHk;
t&if; tBuD;qHk;oHk;í tjyif;txef wdkuMf uonf/
NrdKU½;kd udk tvHkyw d íf BuHUBuHUc½H krH Qty tjcm;enf;vrf;
r&Sdawmh/ uREkfyfwdkYxHwiG f tajrmufpdefajymif;tcsdKU
&Sad eaomfvnf; NrdKU½dk;tjyif tvSrf;a0;vGef;vSaom
ausmufawmifrsm;udk tumtuG,f,lxm;onfh
&efol&S&d modkY ypfcwf&efrSm tcsnf;tESD;jzpfaom
aMumifh tajrmufwyfom;rsm;udk toHk;rjyKawmh/
cHppf\ t"dutjzpf NrdKU½dk;rkc0f wHwdkif;udk
om tcdkiftrmae&m,lvkduo f nf/ rPdyl&wdkYonf
rdkurf JvpS mG jzihf NrdKU½k;d udk avScg;axmifwufMuonf/
NrdKU½;kd xdyrf S uREkyf \ f &Jrufrsm;tzdu kY m; olwakYd vSum;
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
çé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
wpfpif;NyD;wpfpif; uyfvmavav aoG;<uavav

yif/
NrdKU½dk;xdyrf S i½kwf&nfrsm;? qDylrsm;jzihf
avmif;csum uRHí a&mufvmwwfaom &efolukd
vSHvsifjzifh y,f&Sm;ypfwwfMuonfh uREkyf w f dkY\
uRrf;usifrIudk olwkdYrodMu/
Nrd K Uapmif h wyf zG J U &S d &modk Y wpf ck N yD ;wpf ck
vSnfhvnf ppfaq;trdefYay;&if;jzifh ]ighae&mwGif
r[mAE¨KvqdkvQif b,fokdYpDrHtrdeYaf y;rnfenf;}[k
ESvHk;oGi;f pOf;pm;cJhaMumif;udkum; 0efcH&ayrnf/
NrdKU½dk;xdyrf S uREkyf f rqif;awmh/ &efolrsm;
wpfwyfNyD;wpfwyf csOf;uyfvmonfukd NrdKUapmifh
wyftaejzifh tiftm;ESpx f yfjzihf ckcHweG ;f vSeyf pf&ef
uREkfypf DpOfvdkufonf/
yxrwpfxyfrSm rD;aygufaoewfukdiw f yf
jzpfonf/ rPdyl&NrdKUusHK;onf uREkfyfwdkYtif;0
tr&yl& NrdKUusHK;rsm;avmuf rus,faomaMumifh
usHK;udk olwkdYjzwfulomG ;csdefwGif NrdKU½dk;ay:rSaeí
aoewfjzifh ypfcGihfomonf/
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odaYk omf uREyfk w

f \Ykd aoewfrsm;rSm ,rf;xd;k ?
,rf;xdef;um ywfxnfh? xdk;wefESihaf qmifhíodyf?
em;cGuw f iG f ,rf;udyk ?kH tay:u pdik af y:tky?f rD;armif;
wif? rD;armif;usNyD;rS pdkiaf ygifvuf0g;u oHjyifESihf
½dkucf wfNyD; rD;yGih?f rD;yGihpf JrG S em;cGuu f rD;awmufu
usnfqefxGuf&aom ausmufrD;aoewfrsm; jzpf
onf/ wpfcgwpf&H tcefrY oifo h nft h cg rD;ryGijh fcif;?
rD;yGihaf omfvnf; em;cGuv f rf;udk rD;rpGb J J vGaJ csmjf cif;
wdakY Mumifh usnx f Gu&f ef cJ,Of;vSay&m wpfcsuEf Sihf
wpfcsuftMum; ypfcwf&ef jyifqifaecsdefrSmyif
&efolrsm;u usHK;udkjzwful; a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfaom &efolukd aoewfjzifh
ypf&ef rjzpfEkid af wmhaomaMumifh aoewfukdif &Jruf
rsm;\ aemufwiG cf sxm;aom 'kw, d txyfukd toHk;
jyK&onf/ 'kw, d txyfum; 'l;av;wyfaywnf;/
uRrf;usifvSaom vufrsm;u jrm;wH
wpfacsmif;NyD;wpfacsmif;udk n§Kd UwiG q f ifum taumif;
qHk; tuGmta0;&Sd &efol\xHokdY twnhrf wfqHk;
ypfvw T Ef kdifMuonf/ uREkyf fukd,w f kdifrlum; vSHvsif
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
çç ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
rsm;udk tpnf;vdkuf csxm;NyD;? wpfacsmif;NyD;

wpfacsmif; qJG,lum &efolukd vSHwpfcsufvQif
wpfa,muf csdef&G,fypfpkduf&avonf/
&efolYtavmif;rsm;onf NrdKU½dk;tjyifbuf
atmufajcwGif tpkvkduf tyHkvdkuf jzpfvmonf/
uREkyf fwdkYbufrSvnf; olwkdY\ aoewfusnfqef
aMumifh trsm;tjym; usqHk;&onf/
uREkyf f\nmbufvufarmif;rS tom;wpf
wpfckvnf; &efoYu l snqf efwiG f ygoGm;onf/ ezl;p
wGiv f nf; wdku½f ku d rf rSefapumrl ,rf;aiGUoifhaom
aMumifh avmifuRr;f ndKrnf;oGm;onf/ olwYkd aoewf
rsm;rSm uREkyf fwdkYxuf ydkíaumif;rGeaf Mumif; awGU&
onf/ toHvnf; ydí k us,o f nf/ ypfcwfrIwpfcsuf
ESiwfh pfcsuvf nf; uREkyf w f kdY\ ausmufrD;aoewfvkd
tcsdefrMumvS/
rnfoq kYd kad p/ olwkYd tustqHk;rsm;onfurl
taotcsmyif/
teD;uyf &ifqikd w f u kd cf u
kd yf Jw
G iG f ta&;rom
onfukd olwkdYodomG ;NyD; ta0;rSom tajrmufjzifh
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®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïðð
ypfMuonf/ tajrmufoHrsm; tqufjywfawmhonf

r&Sdojzifh uREkyf fwdkYtm;vHk;em;yif;oGm;Muawmhrnf
avm[kyif xifrdonf/
wdkufyGJwGif 'kwd,aeY/ &efolwkdY NrdKU½dk;udk
wuf&ef BudK;pm;onfhtBudraf ygif; &SpBf udrfajrmuf
wGifum;/ Adkvfrª; uEéDNrdKU0ef? ppfuJrsm;jzpfMuaom
aersdK;aZ,soBuFe?f &Jxifaemf&xmausmfacgifESihf
uREyfk af v;OD;om; tjyif;txef aqG;aEG;&awmhonf/
uREk fyf wd kY\ aqG;aEG;wdkifyifyGJrS mvnf;
tajrmufqefrsm;w0ke;f 0kef; aygufuJGaeonfhMum;rS
yif a&Smif&if;wdrf;&if; jyKvkyMf u&avonf/
aemufqHk;wGif aejynfawmfrS ppfulawmif;
&ef qHk;jzwfvkdufMuonf/
,if;twGucf &D;vrf;qdk;&Gm;vSaom csif;
wGif;a'oudk tjrefqHk;ESiEf dkifrnfh jrif;onfausmf
wyfzGJUwpfzGJU a&G;cs,fvdkufonf/ jrif;onfausmf
wyfom;wdkYonf &efow l yftaeusJonfh ta&SUbuf
rsuEf mS rS azmufxu G Nf yD; ajr'l;NrdKUokYd OD;wnfomG ;&rnf
jzpfonf/ ajr'l;rS wyfukdwpfqifh apvTw&f efpDpOf
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ïðï ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
vdkufonf/
þtpDtpOfukd uREyfk u f csrw S v f u kd of nfwiG f
aersdK;aZ,soBuFeu f ]][m..cifAsm;rif;BuD; r[m
AE¨Kv&JU a&mif;&if;rdkYvdkY? olYvkd tpDtrHrsdK; csrSwf
wwfwmeJY wlw,f}}[k ajymao;onf/
odjkY zifhyif jrif;onfawmf wyfzGJUukd apvTwf
cJhNyD;aemuf ig;&ufajrmufnodkY a&mufcJhavonf/
&ufowåwpfywfvk;H vHk; aeYaeYnn &efow l yfrsm;u
tvSnjhf zifh 0ifwku d Mf uonf/ uREkyf w
f rkYd mS &Sod rQ tif
tm;jzifh tvSnu fh svmorQ &efou l kd 'dik cf íH wku d cf u
kd f
ckcaH e&onfjzpfí wyfom;rsm; tm;tifqkwf,kwf
vmonf/
uREkfyfvnf; aoewf'Pf&mrS tem&Sdef
aMumifh tzsm;0ifvmonf/
&Jxifaemf&xmausmfacgifvnf; aygifwGif
'Pf&m&oGm;onf/
uREkyf w f dkYacgif;aqmifav;OD;rSm 'Pf&mudk
vnf;aumif;? zsm;emjcif;udkvnf;aumif; arhazsmuf
ypf&um wpfaeYwmudk tcsdefav;ydkif;cGJí OD;pD;
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
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uGyfuJMu&avonf/
tqrwef rrQwaom tiftm;csif; ,SO&f
onfjzpfí &efolwo kYd nf NrdKU½;kd udk av;bufav;wef
ydwq f kdYro
d mG ;Muonf/
uREkyf \ f tcsed yf kid ;f jzpfaom nOfhoef;acgifrS
eHeuft½kPfwuftxd umvtwGuf wdkufyGJudk
uGyuf &J ef NrdKU½;dk ay:odYk wufco hJ nf/ NrdKU½;kd xdyo
f Ykd uREykf f
a&mufomG ;aomtcg 'Pf&mtxyfxyf &aeMuNyD
jzpfaom &Jrufrsm;rSm tm;wufomG ;[efjzifh 'l;av;
udk pGJudkiv f dkuMf uonf/
&Jrufi,fwpfO;D u uREkyf u f kd vSHvsit f pnf;
vdkufvmay;onf/
olYukd vufumjyvdkufNyD; uREkyf af jymvdkuf
onf/
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uGm? 'l;av;n§dKUudkawmh BudK;pm;NyD; iifEdkifr,fxif
wmyJ? vSHvsiu f kad wmh igt&Sed jf yif;jyif; rypfEkdiaf wmh
bl;}}
&Jrufu a,mifukid ;f aeaom uREyfk \ f vuf
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ïðí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
armif;udk Munfhí 'l;av;ESihf jrm;usnfawmufukd

xkwaf y;onf/ jrm;wpfpif;xkwí f nd§KUwiG w
f yfum
iifMunfo h nf/ b,fvufuo kd ;kH í &ao;aMumif; awGU
&í uREkfyftm;wufro d nf/ &Jrufi,fonf uREfkyf
'l;av;n§dKU BudK;iifyHkudkMunfhí NyHK;ae&Smonf/
xdktcsed rf Smyif aoewfow H pfcsuf ay:vmNyD; &Jruf
i,fcrsmrSm tNyHK;yifrjy,fwwfao;aom rsufESm
av;ESihf usnfoifhum acGusoGm;avonf/
vufarmif;'Pf&mudk uREkyf o f wdr&awmh/
wyfqifxm;NyD;om; jrm;wHukd ypfvTwfvkdufonf/
NrdKU½k;d atmufrS aoewfukid &f efo\ l vnfrsKd odkY xkwf
csif;ayguf/
aemufxyfjrm;wpfpif; 'l;av;n§Kd UwGiw f yf?
n§Kd Uukid if? aemufxyf &efow l pfa,muf? aemufjrm;
wpfpif;? aemuf&efolwpfa,muf/
vIy&f Sm;&vGe;f ojzifh uREkyf \f vufarmif;rSm
aoG;rsm; &TJepfaeonf/ n§dKUudkqGJí armif;cvkyu f kd
n§pv f ku d wf kid ;f 'Pf&ma[mif;rS aoG;rsm;,dkp;D usvm
onf/ Mumvmaomtcg emusirf o I nf txGwt f xyfoYkd
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
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a&mufoGm;[ef&Sdonf/
uREykf rf mS vufwpfbufr&Sad wmhovdk cHpm;&
onf/
xdkcPü uREyfk f ½l;oGyo f mG ;NyD[k &Jrufrsm;u
xifMuaMumif; aemufykdif;wGif ajymjyavonf/
jrm;usnaf wmufoHk;ckukd toHk;jyKcJhonf/
wwd,usnfawmufrS jrm;wHrukerf DrSmyif uREkyf f
acgif;xJrSm rl;a0vmonf/
aoG ; xG u f v G e f a omaMumif h jzpf o nf /
rsuv f kH;xJwiG v f nf; teDa&mifuko d m jrifae&onf/
'l;av;u vufxrJ mS tqrwef av;yifvmonf/ n§Kd U
udvk nf; rwifEikd af wmh/ odaYk omfvnf; jrm;wpfpif;udk
BudK;pm; wyfqifvkdufonf/
'l;av;tdr&f &Sd m n§Kd Ura&mufcifrSmyif uREkyf f
ü &Sd&SdorQtm;tifwkdY ukefcef;oGm;NyDjzpfaMumif;
odvdkufonf/ NrdKU½dk;xdyfrS OD;pdkufuRrf;jyefusvktHh
jzpfomG ;í 'l;av;udk vTwcf sNyD; ol&cJ u kd kd zufw, G x
f m;
vkduf&onf/
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ïðë ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
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oHk;oyfvdkufonf/
&efol\aoewfusnfqefudk apmifh½HkrSty
bmrQ rwwfEkdifawmh/
aemufqHk;tcsed o f nf eD;uyfvmaeNyD/ rPdyl
&udk &eforl sm; jyeford ;f EdkiMf uawmhrnf/ ½kww f &uf
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dk f jzpfxeG ;f oGm;NyD;
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aemufqk;H xGuo f uf\ edrw d v f u©Pmyif jzpfacsrnf
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tvif;a&mifonf aysmufjy,fíroGm;/
tqufrjywf vif;aeNrJ/
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apmapmu jrifvu kd &f aom rD;a&mifrsm;um;
aejynfawmfwyfrrsm;\ tajrmufped af jymif;rsm;qDrS
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onf/ wpfu, kd vf k;H odYk cGet
f m;opfrsm; pD;jyefvY movdk
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f xvdkuo f nf/
odakY omf xdkw'*Fonfom owdEiS u hf k,
d Nf rJcJh
aom aemufqHk;tcsed f/
uREkyf b f mudkrQ rodawmh/
À ÀÀ
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3
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kd af omtcg
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&Si;f vif; Munfvifaeonf/ wJtwGi;f vufeufrsKd ;pHk
udk csdwq f GJxm;onf/
xdkrQomru eH&HxufwGif ppfaMumif;csD
ajryHkrsm;? rPdy&l tmoH? ucsme,fpyf a'ojyajryHk
rsm;? tif;0NrdKUawmf\ ajryHkum;csyfrsm;.../
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
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tHhMojcif; BuD;pGmjzifh tdy&f mxufrS xvku d f

onf/ ½kww f &uf rl;a0oGm;ojzifh tdy&f may:wGif jyefvJS
vdu
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f m;aom wJonf ]ol}Y wJrt S y
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x&ef BudK;pm;vdkufonf/
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tpGe;f ta&GUrxGu/f wnDwñGww f nf; rdk;aumif;odkY
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À ÀÀ
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crf;arT;usipf ,G Ef Sihf NyHK;&TifaomrsufESm&Sdonfh xdkvl
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uREkyf pf Of;pm;aecdkuw f iG f awmifpm;apmfbmG ;
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used pf mrsm;udk &Gwq f ku
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udk uREykf uf vnf; wdwq f w d ef uf½iId ;f pGmjyefajzonf/
uREfkyaf jymvdkaom pum;teuft½dIi;f udkol
em;vnf&rnf[k uREyfk , f kMH unfxm;onf/ taMumif;
rl olrY su0f ef;&dyrf sm;qDu oabmxm;udv k nf;uREfyk f
em;vnfaomaMumifhyif/
MumjrifhpmG aom tMunfhcsi;f qHkaerIukdolu
rsufawmifwpfcsuf ykwfítqHk;owfonf/ olY
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awmifpm;apmfbmG ; AdkvfaersdK;odef;y&mZm
onf uREyfk u
f kw
d if;wif;usyuf syf ayGUzufí nmbuf
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4
rdk;aumif;rSwpfqifh ucsifawmifwef;rsm;?
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jrifhrm;vSaom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;? xlxyf
vSaom awmeufBuD;rsm;um; wpfckukdjzwfausmNf yD;
wdkif; aemufwpfcku qD;BudKaeonf/
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taMumf?trJ?xrif;ajcmuftjyif awmxJwGiaf wGU&
orQaom pm;aumif;onfh opfOopfzkESihf awm
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raxmif;omvS/
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awmif p m;apmf b G m ; Ad k v f c sKyf a ersd K ;od e f y &mZm
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cufcufcJcJ wifvmuwnf;u AdkvfcsKyfrif;BuD;
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1
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À ÀÀ
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3
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d cf ku
d Mf ujcif;
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Mum;em&if; yef;0g&Sd NAdwdoQwyfpGJ&m ausmufwHk;
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l m; þjrifuiG ;f
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olYtoH? olYtMunfhum;...rD;vQHajcmif;ajcmif;vTwf
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À ÀÀ
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1
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0dkifMunfhaeMuonf/
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d &f
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xm;rdcJhayonf/
À ÀÀ
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2
tidu
k 0f ifjcif;? tvpfp;D jcif;? tiftm;BuD;pGm
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\ NAdwo d Q&efpvufikwfwdkYudk &Sif;vif;acsrIe;f &if;
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qdkif;ae&aom uREkfyfwkdYwyfrrsm;rSm EdkifiHawmf
atmufjynfa'orS ppfowif;rsm;udk pdwrf csr;f ajrU
p&m Mumodae&avonf/
uqkev f xJwGif '*HkNrdKUusjcif;? od*Fkwå&
uke;f awmfay:wGif NAdwo d QwyfwYkd wyfpvJG u
kd Mf ujcif;?
owdk;rif;BuD; r[mrif;acgifESihf owdk;r[maoem
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wyfwkdY jyif;pGmwdkufcdkufMujcif;? MunfhjrifwdkifwGif
wdu
k yf BJG u;D oH;k Burd jf zpfymG ;jcif;? oefvsicf w
H yfusjcif;?
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udk &NyD;onfhaemuf olu "n0wDwyfrsm; tmvHk;
udk toifhjyifxm;&ef trdefYxkwfvdkufonf/
ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif rif;w&m;xHrS trdefY
awmf a&mufvmonf/
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"r®&mZfukd Adkvfrª;AdkvfcsKyfcefYí atmufjynft &yf
'*H k E S i h f reD;ra0;"EkjzLodkY wyfapawmfrlonf/
jr0wD0efBuD;tm; "n0wDü tkyfcsKyfNrJ
wyfawmfrsm;ESit hf wl tkycf sKyfaeap/
owdk;rif;BuD; r[mAE¨KvESihfwyfrsm;u
[Hom0wDppfrsufESmwGif uGyfn§yf&ef tjrefqHk;
jyefvmap}}
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ïéé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
trdeYaf wmfa&mufvmonfhtcsed u f mv um;

"n0wDrS pvif;qifjzLuRef;ta&muf? ½dk;rwausm?
awmBuD;awmifBuD;? acsmufurf;yg;BuD;rsm;wGirf k;d BuD;
onfhxefpGm NzdKifNzdKifusaeaom 0gqdkvyifwnf;/
onfrQ Murf;wrf;cufcJvSaom ppfqkwf
vrf;c&D;wGif onfrQqdk;&Gm;jyif;xefaom &moDOwk
udkjzwfí tif;0odkYjyefrnfhta&;um; rawG;0Hhp&m
yif jzpfawmhonf/
ajcusi;f 0wf txuftxd a&jrKwfaeaom
wyfpcef;uGi;f jyifBu;D xJwiG f uREykf wf wYkd yfrsm; jyifqif
vdkufMu&onf/
rdk;a& &TJ&TJpkdaom aoemywd0wf½HkpBuD;udk
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wa0ga0grd;k aygufoBH uD;udk ausmv f mT ;tkyrf ;kd oGm;onfh
toH0gBuD; xGuaf y:vmavonf/
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Owk tMurf;qHk;c&D;udk tjrefqHk;igwdkYjzwfMu&r,f?
"n0wDuae pvif;qifjzLuRef;txd csDwufcsdef
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"l&[wfokYd ppfcsu D mvrSm wpfvomMumjrifhco
Jh jzihf
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odkYqkyd gvQif ,ck"n0wDrS pvif;qifrjzL
uRef;odkY rkd;BuD;avBuD;xJwiG f awmawmifacsmuf
urf;yg;txyfxyfukd jzwfí c&D;Murf;ESicf Jhaom
]&ufowåywf}onf ]r,HkEikd af vmufp&m tHMh ozG,f
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À ÀÀ
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3
trf;NrdKUrSonf rif;vGif&Gm? rif;vGif&GmteD;
awmifMum;vrf;rSwqifh ref;acsmif;udkpke?f xdkYaemuf
ta&SUbufurf;&Sd izJNrdKUtxd/
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ppfcsDc&D;}[k trnfay;vku d o
f nf/
awmifqif; awmifwuf?jrpful;?acsmif;ul;
c&D;wGif wa0ga0g0g;vHk;xdk;pD;aeaom awmifusa&
rsm;? a&wHceG frsm;u ae&mwdki;f wGif [efYwm;aeMu
onf/
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uREyfk w
f \
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wyfrif;ppfuAJ kv d rf ;ª rsm; qHkMucku
d f olw
Y x
J w J iG u
f REyfk f
rcsKyfrwD;Edkif xkwaf zmfa<u;aMumfrad vawmhonf/
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olu&ifusuaf omtNyHK;jzihf jyefajymonf/
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wm ydkrSefr,f}}
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ïèï ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
pvif;qifjzLuRef;wGif wyfrsm;pGJxm;apNyD;
aemufwpfaeYrSmyif uREkfyEf Sihfausmfol a&Tawmif
aem&xmwdkY ESpaf ,mufukad c:NyD; ol aejynfawmfokYd
xGufonf/
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wdkYonf bBuD;awmfrif;w&m;\ trdefYawmfukd cH,l
Mu&OD;rnf/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïèî
¬½»ºå øè÷
1
aoewform;oHk;aomif;ig;axmif?rPdyl&
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vSnf;wyf pdefajymif;i,frsm;? tajrmufwifqifrsm;
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BuD;onf aqmif;OD;&moDrSmyif aejynfawmfrScsDcJhNyD;
&efuif;pH&m jrpf0?vdIijf rpf?arSmb
f ?D *lBuD;?uRJul;qdyrf S
wufí usLd uúvkYEd Sifh wHwm;BuD;odt kY a&muf csDwuf
wyfpGJvkdufMuonf/
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ïèí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
wyfrawmfBuD;\ OD;pD;csKyfum; ,cktcg

ppfawmif;NrdKUukdyif rif;w&m;trdefYawmft& xyfrH
ydkifpm;&NyDjzpfaom ]owdk;ok"r®r[m}bGJUrnfjzifh
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Adkvrf if;? wyfrif;tm;vHk;pHknpD nf;a0;yGJwiG f
olu &J&Jawmufpum;udk qdkavonf/
]]&efou l kd "n0wDbufuae igwdkYajcmuf
vSeYf armif;xkwv f udk wf ,f? uke;f aMumif;eJrY 0ifomvdYk
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om; ukvm;jzLawG&JUrpd ämpdwu f kd rif;wdkYtm;vHk;odNyD;
MuNyDjzpfwJhtwGuf igt&Snfta0;rajymawmhbl;?
ta&;tBuD;qHk;wpfckyJ ajymr,f? 'Dta&;udk tav;
teufxm;Mu?ayghayghqq&S, d if wpfrsdK;vHk;olYuRef
jzpfr,f? od*Fkwå&ukef;awmfajrudk igwdkYaoG;puf?
toufeJYvJ,l&r,fhta&;? onfwpfyJGNyD;&ifNAdwo d Q
ydkiw
f kdi;f jynftxd wuford f;zdkYyJ&adS wmhw,f? &ifajr
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wnfNidrfcJhavaom olYxHrS þrQpdwv f Iy&f Sm;zG,f&m
pum;vHk;wdkYudk Mum;&uwnf;u onfta&;onf
aoG;ESihf urÜn;f a&;xdk;&awmhrnfhta&;awmfBuD;jzpf
aMumif; uREkyf fem;vnfvkdufawmhonf/
xdaYk emuf olonfoufqikd &f m Adv k cf sKyrf sm;udk
wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,mufac:um trdefYwpfckNyD;
wpfck xkwfqifhavonf/
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r,f? 'vuaeMunfhjrifwdkif? Munfhjrifwdkifuae
ykZGefawmiftxd puf0kdifjcrf;o@mefxm;NyD; &efol
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em;vnfaMumif; tm;vHk;u ajymMuonf/
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]]&Sdygw,f AdkvfcsKyf}}
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aMumifrh eS ;f rod? olu Y kd av;pm;jrwfE;kd oavmufon Yl D
rif;xifrif;acgifukd uREkyf pf dwfxJwGif rawGUvS/
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rif;xifrif;acgiftoH rodrom wkeaf e
onf[k uREkfyfxifonf/
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ppfrsuEf SmjzefYvku
d af om olaY oe*FukduREkyf f
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a&Twd*Hkukef;awmfukd A[dkjyKí 0ef;&Hvkdufapaom
AsL[mum; *Pef;vufro@mef ppfx;kd tpDt&ifyif
jzpfavonf/
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csw
D ufMuaom wyfrBuD;rsm;onf?wpfaeYcif;twGi;f
rSmyifa&Tw*d HkapwD\ ta&SUawmtkyfpGef;rSonf'*Hk
ESifh tajrmufwpfurf;tuGm ykZGeaf wmifjrpfurf;
txd wyfcsi;f qufro d Gm;onf/ A[dkppfaMumif;um;
apwDawmfjrwfbuf awmtkyftwGif;rSm &Sad eav
onf/ wyfpHkNyD;NyD;csi;f uwkwu f sif;rsm; wl;Mu&m
naerapmif;rDrSmyif ppfaMumif;BuD;rsm;udk &efolY
jrifuGi;f uGif;rS udk,af &mifazsmufEdkifcJhMujyefonf/
þppfaMumif;wpfavQmufwiG f uwkwu f si;f
wpfcrk SwpfckodkY wyfwpfckrSwpfckokdY? aeYaeYnn
vSnfhvnf ppfaq;aewwfolrSm ol...r[mAE¨Kv
yifwnf;/
nOfhtcsdefrsm;wGif raxmif;omvSapumrl
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aejcnf0if;jyufaom aqmif;wGi;f aeYtcsdefrsm;wGif

um; olaqmif;aoma&TxD;onf ukef;awmfay:rS
&efolwkdYtwGuf tvGefxif&Sm;aom ypfuiG ;f jzpfae
aomaMumifh olYtwGuf uREkyf pf dk;&drfvSawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh olYukduREfkyfu owday;pum;
ajymrdaomtcg olu usifpG,Ef Iwfcrf;arT;rsm;udk
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toD;oD;odv kY u
kd yf g uGyuf aJ eaomaMumifh wyfawmf
om;wdkYrSm rBuHKzl;atmif wuf<uaeMuavonf/
uREkfyw
f dkYwyfrsm;\ ajruwkwfusif;rsm;rSmvnf;
wpfpwpfp NAdwo d Qwyfrsm;csxm;&m ukef;awmf
bufqDokdY wdk;a&TUeD;uyfvmMuonf/
odkYaomf &efolwkdYrSm awmifxdyfcHwyfuJhokdY
tumtuG,f&xm;av\/ukef;awmfay:rS pD;eif;
ypfcwfciG &h f aeMuojzihf olwb Ykd ufrw S pfyrf;omaeonf/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
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yGJ tjyif;txefqHk; jzpfawmhonf/
'kw, d tjyif;txefqk;H rSm &efo\ l Munfjh rif
wdkicf HwyfESifh uREkyf w
f dkY\ vuf,mbufppfaMumif;
wyfrsm; &ifqikd af wGUMuaom wdu k yf yJG if jzpfavonf/
wdkuyf JGrsm; tjyif;txefay:aygufaeonfh
umvtwGif;rSmyif oluppfaMumif;OD;pD;rª;rsm;udk
ac:,lawGUqHkum xkd;ppftpDtrHwpfckudk csrSwjf yef
onf/
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qdaYk ewmudk oabmrusb;l ? 'g[mtEÅ&m,fwpfcyk ?J
olwdkY u½lZmppfoabFmawG[m urf;udkaumif;
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oltY pDtrHjzifh uREyfk wf o kYd nf NAdwo d QoabFm
rsm;udk acsmufcsm;EdkifapcJhMuonf/
ykZeG af wmifacsmif;ESihf Munfhjrifwikd af csmif;wdYk
rS a&tuswGif rD;azmifrsm;tcsdefukduf vTwaf rsm
vkdufMuonf/
uREyfk w f \
kYd rD;azmifrsm;rSm 0g;rsm;udkazmifzUJG ?
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ïèç ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
0g;ESppf nf;oHk;pnf;Mum;wGif a&eH? *Grf;avmifpm

tjynfhodyfonfh ajrtdk;rsm;udk xnfhonf/ ,rf;yg
aom avmifpmudkrl azmifay:wGif tESHYtjym; pkyHk
xm;vdkuo f nf/ 0g;tqufqufwJu G m emzm;t&Sif
jyKvkyfxm;aomaMumifh &efolYppfoabFm&Sd&modkY
azmifrsm; a&mufomG ;aomtcg oabFmudk tvdk
tavsmuf 0ef;&H&pfywfomG ;Muonf/ þodkYjzifh ppf
oabFmrSm rD;0dkif;avmifuRrf;cHMu&awmhonf/
n wdkuyf JGrsm;rSmyif uREfkywf dkY\ rD;azmifrS
rD;a&mifrsm;onf aeYumv[k xif&avmufatmif
rDwxdefxdef xGef;vif;aeavonf/
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ppfoabFmum; tBuD;tus,f rD;pGJavmifomG ;av
onf/
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aeaom ]od*Fkwå&ukef;awmf}odkY uREkyf fwkdYwyfrsm;
rwufEkdifMuao;/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
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2
Adkvcf sKyfrif;BuD; r[mrif;vS&mZm\ wif;rm
okerf eI af eaom rsuEf mS xm;udk awGUvku d &f uwnf;u
ta&;awmfwpfpHkwpfck rvSryjzpfaeNyD[k uREkyf f
em;vnfvkduo f nf/ rif;BuD;r[m rif;vS&mZmum;
wdkufyGJtjyif;txefqHk; aoG;aq;uefppfaMumif;\
OD;pD;Adkvcf sKyfjzpfavonf/
wJxo J kYd uREkyf 0f ifomG ;aomtcsed w f iG f olEiS hf
rif;BuD;r[mrif;vS&mZmwdkYonf wpfckcu k kd tBudwf
te,f aqG;aEG;aeMu[ef&Sdonf/ olu uREkyf fukd
wpfcsurf Q apGMunfv h ku
d Nf yD; rif;BuD;r[mrif;vS&mZm
ESihf rsufESmcsif; jyefqdkifonf/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ïçï ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
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r[mrif;vS&mZmu ajymvufpjzpf[efwl
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odkY 0if&yfum olwpfckck trdeYaf y;vQif toifh&Sad e
atmif jyifqifxm;vdkufonf/
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usm;yJ &Sad ew,f? opfyifay:u NcHKykwaf wGxJu
xGufNyD; wku d w
f ,f? nbufrSm cHwyfukdtvpf0if
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tcGihfrombl;}}
r[mrif ; vS &mZmonf yif yef ; EG rf ; e,f
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r[mrif;vS&mZmu wpfckck qufajymrnf
tjyKwGif olu vufumjyvdkuaf vonf/ xdakY emuf
olu wnfNidraf omtoHjzih.f ..
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NyD;NyD? usKyfwkdYvlawG udkif&wJhaoewfawG[m?olwdkY
ta&SUtdE´d,ukrÜPDu toHk;r0ifvkdY zsufqD;ypfzdkY
odkavSmifxm;wJh t*Fvyd v f kyf aoewfawGjzpfaewm
u qdk;w,f? &Jrufwpfa,mufukd aoewfwpfvuf
twGuf usnq f efq,fawmifheJY ,rf;rIeYf xkwfay;&
ayr,fh wpfawmifhxdk; aoewfawG jzpfaew,f/
wpfcgypfNyD;&if aemufwpfcg usnfoiG ;f zdkYtwGuf
tcsdef,lae&w,f? &ifqdkifwkdufyGJrSm 'Dvdkusnfqef
topfoiG ;f zdkY ,l&wJhtcsed fav;[m tifrwef ta&;
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olYvufxJodkY vSH&Snfxnfhay;vku d f&onf/
olu eH&HwiG f csdwq f GJxm;aom wdkuyf GJajryHkum;csyf
qDodkY vSHoGm;jzihf axmufvdkufonf/
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bk&m;? 'gcifAsm;&JUwyfawGr[kwfvm;}}
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&,f? a[m'Dvrf;aMumif;twdki;f qkwcf Jh...}}
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onf/
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ESpcf k[m t&Snt f awmif&Sp&f m? tus,u f tawmif
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wyfqkwfwm r[kwfbl;}}
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[m ppfwdkufjcif;yJ}}
vSHoGm;udk jyef½kyfvkdufonf/ r[mrif;vS
&mZmxHrv S nf; olrY suEf mS vTJvu kd of nf/Advk cf sKyfr[m
rif;vS&mZmu olYukd twefMum pl;pdkuMf unfhaeNyD;rS
wdwfqdwfpGm xGufoGm;avonf/
r[mrif;vS&mZm tjyifa&mufoGm;NyD;rS
olu uREkyf u f kd vSH&Snjf yefay;onf/ vSH&Snu f kdae&m
wGif jyeford ;f NyD; uREyfk v
f nf; wJxrJ x S u
G af wmhrnf[k
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xdcdkufoGm;rdavonf/
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jyefajym&rSe;f rod/ pifppfrl ppfyJGtajctaeudkolESihf

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k cf sKyf
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ar;vmonfrSmvnf; pifppfrl?rnfumrwå tar;
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om jzpfrnfxifonf/
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topf jzpfomG ;NyD? 'Dta&;udk usKyfawG;rdvYkd '*HkNrdKU0ef
udk rqGuwnf;u owday;cJhayr,h.f ..a&Teef;awmf
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jr0wD0efBuD;udk uREykf v f nf; owd&aeonf/
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&Srd Smr[kwaf ybl;? ckcsed rf mS &Edik o f rQppfaMumif;uae
jzpfEkdio f rQ t[efYtwm;udkyJ wpfqifhpD wpfqifhpD
xkwfoHk;&vdrhfr,f? &efol[m usKyfwkdYcHppfawGudk
tustqHk;rsm;pGmeJY wdku&f if;? odrf;&if;?jrpfaMumif;
twkid ;f xufMuyfruGm vdkuyf gvmMuvdrhrf ,f...}}
uREkyf f qufem;raxmifcsif? jzpfEkdiv f QifolY
a&SUrS xGuo f mG ;csio
f nf/ uREyfk t f zdkY BuD;us,cf rf;em;
vSpmG tm;ud;k txifBuD;vSaom olEY w I zf sm;qDrþ
S odYk
aom ]tysuf} pum;awGukd enf;enf;rS rMum;
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csifay../
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olYavoH ½kww f &ufajymif;oGm;onf/
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]][if...}}
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acgif;ndwfrdonf/ olNyHK;onf/ pdwfESvHk;
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rd[ef&Sdonf/
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NAdwdoQudk qifvkdoabmxm;? 'gqdk,if udk&if
em;vnfavmufa&maygh...}}
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f pdkit
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z,f&mS ;vdu
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f tawG;
rsm; csufcsif;MunfvifomG ;onf/
]]tck...tck...b,fvkdaoe*FrsKd ;eJY...}}
0rf;omvGe;f aomaMumifh uREkfyfrSm pum;
xpfaeawmhonf/
olutNyHK;rys,af o;aom rsuEf Smjzihf ajym
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avonf/
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tiftm; wpfaxmihif g;&mwyf? arSmb f rD mS r[moDv0?
tiftm;wpfaxmifhig;&mwyf? yJcl;rSm owdk;r[m&JU
wyf? xef;wyifuRe;f rSm rif;vSrif;acgif rif;vSo&l ed f
eJY r[maZ,solwkdYukd tiftm;ig;axmifeJYtqifhqifh
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]]udk&ifuaum}}
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aom 0rf;ompdwaf Mumifh uREkyf f\EIwrf S ]udk&if}[k
vTwu f eJ ac:rdomG ;onf/
ndKarSmifapG;apG; olYrsufvHk;rsm; ta&mif
xGuv f mMuonf[k xif&onf/ oljznf;nif;av;
eufpGm qdkavonf/
]]"EkjzL}}
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
ïçç ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
¬½»ºå øç÷
1
&efukewf pf0kduf wdkuyf GJrsm;wGif ta&;rom
aomaMumifh qkwfcGm&onfh ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif
&efolwkdYu uREfkyfwdkY\ e,fpGeef ,fzsm; t&Htwm;
tiftm;rsm;udk odrf;,lMujyefonf/
rPdyl&ESihf tmoHwdkY &efolYvufwiG ;f us&
jyefonf/
ppfajrjyif usOf;ajrmif;vmcJhayNyD/
odkYaom...
txufatmuf c&D;vrf;qHkusaom ykord f
&efukefc&D;rSmvnf; tcsuftcsmusaom &du©m
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðð
axmufyhHrItwGufvnf; A[dkusaom ]"EkjzL}wGif

uREkyf fwdkY tcdkiftrm cHwyfaqmufNyD;MuNyD/
NAdwod Q Adkvcf sKyfuif;bJonf vdIifjrpftxd
vHk;0 tcktcHr&Sb d J wufvmonf[k owif;&onf/
olwkdY\a&aMumif; Adkvrf ª;csKyfum; ]aumhbeG f}qdkol
jzpfonf/ &efot Yl iftm;udkvnf; uREkyf w
f kYd twdtus
&xm;NyD;NyD/
Munf;aMumif;csD ESpaf xmifih g;&m? a&aMumif;
csD wpfaxmihfESpf&mckESpfq,f? 'dkif,memtrnf&Sd
tajrmufwifppfoabFm/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
îðï ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
2
rdk;aumif;rS awmifpm;apmfbmG ; aersdK;odef
y&mZmudk uREyfk tf xl;wvnf owd&aeonf/,ckvkd
"EkjzLcHwyfBuD;wGif olb,favmuf]yGJ0if}&Smcsiv f rd hf
rvJ[kvnf; awG;rdaeonf/
olYukd tcsed rf a&G;qifhac:vdkuyf g?olv
Y El iS ohf l
Mum;&mt&yfu vmygrnf[k apmfbmG ;u tm;wuf
oa&m uwd a y;cJ h o nf ud k v nf ; Mum;a,mif
aerdonf/
cHwyfukd vSnfhvnfppfaq;aeonfholYtm;
wpfaeYaomtcg awmif pm;apmf bG m;aersdK;odef
y&mZmudk uREkfyfowd&aeaMumif; ajymjyrdonf/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðî
]]apmfbmG ;udk 'DvrS ;f ac:zdu

Yk awmh rjzpfEkid af y
bl;udk&if?odkYaomf qifusHK;oGi;f NyD;&ifawmh udk&if
rk;d aumif;udk tvnftywfav; bmav;oGm;csif
oGm;aygh}}[k oluqdkonf/
onfrQxufydkívnf; olYukd uREkfyfpum;
ajymcGihrf &/ cHwyfudk wpfvtwGif; tNyD;aqmuf&
rnf jzpfaomaMumifh &Jruftm;vHk; rem;rae tvkyf
vkyMf u&onf/ olu, kd wf ikd v
f nf; cHwyfaqmufonfh
ae&mtESHYtjym;odkY aeYaeYnn vSnhfvnfOD;pD;
aeonf/
aEGOD;raygufcifrSmyif uREkyf fwdkY cHwyfukd
tNyD;tpD;aqmufvkyEf kdicf JhMuonf/ þrQ wdkawmif;
aom wpfvwmumvtwGif; þrQBuD;us,af om
cHwyfukd aqmufvkyfEdkicf JhMuonfrSm aemifwpfcsdef
þodkY jyKvkyfEdkifygOD;rnfavm[k rdrw d dkYukd,rf drd
oHo, 0ifavmufatmifyif uREfkyfwdkY pGr;f aqmif
EdkifcJhMuacsonf/
olYajryHkum;csyfay:u cHwyfyHkpHi,fonf
{&m0wD\taemufbufurf; tjrihq f Hk;urf;yg;ay:
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
îðí ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
wGif xD;xD;rm;rm;BuD; ay:aygufvmayNyD/

"EkjzLudkjzwfí pD;qif;oGm;aom {&m0wD
onf cH w yf B uD ; ae&mü tvG ef qH k ; tawmif
wpfaxmifhig;&mcefY (udkuf 700ausmfcefY)rQom
us,f0ef;ayonf/ xdkYaMumifh "EkjzL\ta&SUbuf
rsuEf mS rSaeí jrpftwdik ;f qefvmrnfh&efoaYl &wyfukd
csKyf u d k i f x m;Ed k i f a om tajctaeud k obm0
tavsmufyif uREkyf fwdkY &&Sdaeayonf/
uRef;opfvHk; eH&HBuD;rsm;u q,fhESpaf wmif
eD;yg;&Sod nf/
opfvkH;cHwyftwGi;f wGif tkw½f k;d cHwyf wpf
xyf&Sdonf/
tkwf½dk;ol&Jajyay:wGif tajrmuf wpf&mh
ig;q,f/
xdkYjyif wyfwiG f;rSmvnf; uwkwu f sif;rsm;
ajrmif;&SnBf uD;rsm;/
cHwyftjyifwiG v f nf; usKH ;wl;xm;onf/usKH ;
twGif;ü 0g;cRef? oHcRef? usif;uwkw?f qifcvkw?f
jrif;cvkwftjynfh/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðì
cHwyfa&SU&dS opfawmBuD;rsm;twGi;f opfyif

rsm;ay:üvnf; arQmpf if? tajrmufpifrsm;udkjyKvyk Mf u
&onf/ xdkarQmfpif tajrmufpifrsm;ay:wGif &Jruf
ESpOf ;D aeEdik of nf/ &Jrufrsm;\vufeufrmS aygifoHk;
pdwf tajrmufqef xnfhypfEdkifaom ]*sif*,f}
tajrmufi,frsm; jzpfavonf/
cHwyfBuD; aqmufNyD;onfhaeYwGif olu
wyfrif;wyfr;ª rsm;tm;vHk;udk pHknpD ka0;apvdu k o f nf/
xdkYaemuf cHwyftwGif; wyfpGJ&rnhfae&mrsm;?
tiftm;cGJa0yHkrsm;? &efoYo l abFmrsm;vmrnfh jrpfjyif
ppf rsuf ES mqDodk Y ypf vT wf &rnfh tajrmuf rsm;
taMumif;udk oltus,fw0ifh &Sif;vif;jyonf/
olt Y rdeYuf kd em;axmif&if;jzifh uREfkyrf SmppfyGJ
wGif þrQtcuftcJawGUum cHppfjyKae&aom umv
ü þodkYaom cHwyfukd aooyfusepGm tkyfcsKyf
wnfaqmufum aphpyfaom ppfa&;tpDtrHudk
jyKvkyEf kdipf rG ;f olum; olrSwyg; tjcm;rnforl Q r&Sd
Edkifawmh[k ,HkMunfaerdonf/
]]aersKd ;&Jxif? aersKd ;&Jzsm;eYJ? r[mrif;acgif
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
îðë ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
ocF,mwdkY a&SUxGufcJhprf;...}}
i,f&, G Ef yk sKd aom wyfrª;oHk;a,mufa&SUxu G f
vmMuonf/ olwo kYd Hk;OD;rSm aoG;aq;uefwu kd yf Jw
G iG f
]yGJ&} emrnfausmfcJholrsm;yif/
]]rif;wkYdoHk;a,mufudk wpfjcm;wpfae&m
vTwf&vdrhfr,f}}
olu aersdK;&Jxif\ ycHk;udk zufí ajym
onf/
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wpfck aqmuf&vdrfhtHk;r,f? apwDy&0kPfeJY &ifjyif
awmudk ywfNyD; cHwyfww H ikd ;f wm½d;k aqmufMu&r,f}}
aersdK;&Jxif\ rsufESmjyifü ppfaoG;wdkY
eDjref; aeonfudk awGUMu&avonf/
]]&efo[ l m 'D "EkjzLcHwyfBuD;udk a&mufrvm
cif rif;wdYk usKd ufuvGeyf eG cf w H yfeYJ t&ifawGUap&r,f/
yGJMurf;awGU&vdrfhr,f? Mum;vm;? aoewfwpfurf;
wdkufyGJawG trsm;qHk;&Sdr,f}}
aoewfvufajzmifh wyfrª;i,foHk;OD;rSm
&ifukd rwfrwfrm;rm; aumhcsDí olYtrdefYudk em;
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðê
axmif aeMuonf/
]]tm;ukeo f eG w
f ukd Mf u vlav;wd?Yk 'DwpfcgwdYk
cHwyfwu kd yf [
JG m tqH;k tjzwfwu kd yf yJG ?J igawmhighu,kd f
ig o&P*HkwifNhyD;NyD? jzpfav&mb0wdkif;rSm trd
Ekdiif HawmfeJY trsdK;bmom omoemudk apmifha&Smuf
umuG,f&wJh ppfonfawmfyJjzpf&ygvdk\vdkYvJ
qkawmif;NyD;NyD? rif;wkYdvJ usdKufuvGefyGefapwDrSm
cHwyfraqmufcif o&P*Hkwif? qkawmif;Mu
[kwfvm;}}
wyfr;ª rsm;u olpY um;tqHk;ü &,fMuonf/
uREkyf frlr&,frd/ usdKufuvGefyeG fokdYomG ;rnfh wyfrª;
i,foHk;a,muftwGuf pdwfylaerdonf/
xkdaeY naerSmyif wyfrSL;oHk;a,mufwkdY
xGuo f mG ;Muonf/ uREykf w f w Ydk yfrsm;um; wku d af vSBuD;
rsm;ay:odkY ajcmufaygif'g? udk;aygif;'gESiq hf ,fhESpf
aygif'gtajrmufBuD;rsm;ukd wif&onfhtvkyfjzihf
xkdnwpfnvHk; rtdyMf u/
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'Dwpfnawmh tajrmufawGtm;vHk; avSay:tNyD;
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îðé ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
wifMu}}
[k oluqko d nf/
od kY aomf... aemufaeY wpfreufcif ;vH k;
tdy&f m0ifcGirhf &Mu/ taMumif;rlum; NAdwo d QwkYx
d rH S
olwAYkd kv
d cf sKyf\ o0PfvmT wpfapmifudk ,laqmifvm
aom tvHukid fwyfzGJUwpfck a&mufvmaomaMumihf
aywnf;/
À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðè
3
NAdwdoQtvHukdifwyfzGJU\ o0PfvTmukd
uREfkyzf wfjy&onf/
Adkvcf sKyf aumhweG \
f o0PfvmT yif jzpfav
onf/ o0Pfyg taMumif;t&mum; vufeufcs
tnhHcH&ef pufem&Dwpfem&DtwGif; taMumif;jyef
&ef &mZoHay;jcif;yif/
&efoAl kdvcf sKyf\ o0PfukMd um;&aomtcg
wyfrif;rsm; ½SL;½SL;&Sm;&Sm; a'goxGuu f keMf uonf/
olurl yuwdat;aq;wnfNidrpf mG uREfkyb f ufvn S í
fh
trdeYfay;vkdufavonf/
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º
îðç ½-°º Ñ Ü å ²¼ Õ
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a&;yg...}}
uREfkyftoihjf zpfonfESihf olYqDrS jywfom;
aom pum;vHk;rsm; wpfvHk;pD xGuv f mavonf/
]]owk;d ok"r® r[mAE¨Kvu AdkvfcsKyf
aumhwGet f m; jyefMum;odapvkduo f nf..../
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À ÀÀ
ú©»³§Ø µ ° ³¬µ § º © ¼ µ « º

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pmrlcGihfjyKcsuftrSwf - 1468^2001 (12)

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