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Physics Equation List:Form 5: Oscillation
Physics Equation List:Form 5: Oscillation
NET
Physics Equation List :Form 5
Wave
Oscillation
1
f = f = frequency
T = Period
(Hz or s-1)
(s)
T
Displacement-Time Graph
Wave
v= fλ v = velocity
f = frequency
λ = wavelength
(ms-1)
(Hz or s-1)
(m)
Displacement-Distance Graph
λ = Wavelength
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Interference
ax
λ=
D
λ = Wavelength
a = Distance between the two wave sources
x = Distance between two successive anti-node lines or node lines
D = Distance from the wave sources to the plane where x is
measured.
Summary
Electricity
Sum of charge
Q = ne
Q = Charge
n = number of charge particles
e = charge of 1 particle
Current
Q = Charge
Q
I=
I = Current
t = time
t
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Potential Difference
V = IR
V = potential difference, (V or JC-1)
I = Current (A or Cs-1)
R = Resistance (Ω)
Resistance
1 1 1
R = R1 + R2 R=( + + ) −1
R1 R2 R3
Current
Series Circuit Parallel Circuit
I = I1 + I2
Example
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Potential and Potential Difference
Series Circuit Parallel Circuit
Example
If we assume that there is no internal resistance in the cell, the potential difference across the cell is equal to
the e.m.f. of the cell.
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Electromotive Force and Internal Resistance
E = I (R + r) or E = V + Ir
E = Electromotive Force (V)
r = internal resistance (Ω )
V = potential difference, (V or JC-1)
I = Current (A or Cs-1)
R = Resistance (Ω)
2 methods to find the internal resistance and electromotive force
a. Open Circuit – Close Circuit method
Open Circuit Close Circuit
In open circuit ( when the switch is off), the In close circuit ( when the switch is on), the
voltmeter shows the reading of the e.m.f. voltmeter shows the reading of the potential
difference across the cell.
• With the presence of internal resistance, the potential difference across the cell is always
less than the e.m.f..
E = V + Ir
Therefore
V = -rI + E
Electrical Energy
E = QV E = Electrical Energy
Q = charge
(J)
(C)
V = potential difference (V or JC-1)
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Electrical Power
W V2
P= P = IV P=I R 2
P=
t R
P = Power (W or Js-1)
W = Work done/Energy change (J)
t = Time (s)
I = Current (A)
V = Potential difference (V)
R = Resistance (Ω)
Efficiency
output power
Electrical efficiency = × 100%
input power
Electromagnetism
Root mean Square Value
Vp
Vrms =
2
Vrms = root mean square voltage (V)
Vp = peak voltage (V)
Ip
I rms =
2
Irms = root mean square current (A)
Ip = peak current (A)
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Transformer
Power In A Transformer
Power Transmission
Electronic
Energy change of electron in an electron gun
1 2 (ms-1)
mv = eV v = speed of electron
V = potential difference across the electron gun (V)
2 e = charge of 1 electron (C)
2eV m = mass of 1 electron (kg)
v=
m
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Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
1
Frequency, f =
T
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Radioactivity
Alpha decay
A− 4
Z X ⎯⎯→ Z − 2Y + 2 He
A 4
Beta decay
A A
Z X ⎯⎯→ Z +1 Y+ 0
−1 e
1
0 n→11p + −10 e
Gamma emission
+γ
A A
Z X ⎯⎯→ Z X
A = nucleon number
Z = proton number
Half-life
E = mc 2
m = mass change (kg)
c = speed of light (m s-1 )
E = energy changed (J)
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